 A lump of gray shining crystals with hexagonal facetting |
| عمومي خواص |
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| Pronunciation | /naɪˈoʊbiəm/
ny-OH-bee-əm |
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| Alternative name | columbium |
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| Appearance | gray metallic, bluish when oxidized |
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| Niobium پهدوراني جدول کې |
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| اټومي شمیره(Z) | 41 |
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| گروپ,پیریود | group 5,period 5 |
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| بلاک | d-block |
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| Element category | transition metal |
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| معياري اټومي وزن (Ar) | کينډۍ:Val[۱] |
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| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d4 5s1 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
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| فزیکي خواص |
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| حالت(at STP) | جامد |
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| دويلې کيدو ټکى | 2750 K (2477 °C, 4491 °F) |
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| يشنا ټکی | 5017 K (4744 °C, 8571 °F) |
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| Density near r.t. | 8.57 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 30 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 689.9 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 24.60 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
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| at T (K) | 2942 | 3207 | 3524 | 3910 | 4393 | 5013 |
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| اټومي خواص |
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| Oxidation states | 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −3 (a mildlyacidic oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.6 |
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| Ionization energies | - 1st: 652.1 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1380 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2416 kJ/mol
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 146 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 164±6 pm |
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| Miscellanea |
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| Crystal structure | body-centered cubic (bcc) Cubic body-centered crystal structure for niobium |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 3480 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 7.3 µm/(m·K) |
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| د تودوخې تېرېدنه | 53.7 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 152 nΩ·m (at 0 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
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| Young's modulus | 105 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 38 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 170 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.40 |
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| Mohs hardness | 6.0 |
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| Vickers hardness | 870–1320 MPa |
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| Brinell hardness | 735–2450 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-03-1 |
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| History |
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| Naming | afterNiobe in Greek mythology, daughter ofTantalus (tantalum) |
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| Discovery | Charles Hatchett (1801) |
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| First isolation | Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand (1864) |
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| Recognized as a distinctelement by | Heinrich Rose (1844) |
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| Mainisotopes of niobium |
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|
| | references | in Wikidata |
