عمومي خواص Pronunciation / ˈ ɡ æ l i ə m / GAL Appearance silvery blue Gallium پهدوراني جدول کې اټومي شمیره (Z ) 31 گروپ ,پیریود group 13 (boron group) period 4 بلاک p-block Element category post-transition metal معياري اټومي وزن (A r ) کينډۍ:Val [ ۱] Electron configuration [Ar ] 3d10 4s2 4p1 Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 3 فزیکي خواص حالت (at STP) جامد دويلې کيدو ټکى 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F) يشنا ټکی 2673 K (2400 °C, 4352 °F)[ ۲] Density near r.t. 5.91 g/cm3 when liquid, at m.p. 6.095 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 5.59 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 256 kJ/mol[ ۲] Molar heat capacity 25.86 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1310 1448 1620 1838 2125 2518
اټومي خواص Oxidation states 3 , 2, 1, −1, −2, −4, −5[ ۳] amphoteric oxide)Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.81 Ionization energies 1st: 578.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1979.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 2963 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 135 pm Covalent radius 122±3 pm Van der Waals radius 187 pm Miscellanea Crystal structure orthorhombic Orthorhombic crystal structure for gallium Speed of sound thin rod 2740 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 18 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) د تودوخې تېرېدنه 40.6 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 270 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering diamagnetic Magnetic susceptibility (χ mol ) −21.6·10−6 cm3 /mol (at 290 K)[ ۴] Young's modulus 9.8 GPa Poisson ratio 0.47 Mohs hardness 1.5 Brinell hardness 56.8–68.7 MPa CAS Number 7440-55-3 History Naming afterLua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 297: attempt to index local 'data_module' (a boolean value). Prediction Dmitri Mendeleev (1871) Discovery and first isolationLecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)Mainisotopes of gallium | references | in Wikidata 
