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منځپانگې ته ورتلل
ويکيپېډيا
پلټنه

کادميوم

د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
(لهCadmium نه مخ گرځېدلی)
Cadmium,  48Cd
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation/ˈkædmiəm/
KAD-mee-əm
Appearancesilvery bluish-gray metallic
Cadmium پهدوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)
Zn
↑
Cd
↓
Hg
silver ←cadmium →indium‍
اټومي شمیره(Z)48
گروپ,پیریودgroup 12,period 5
بلاکd-block
Element category transition metal, alternatively considered apost-transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 18, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت(at STP)جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى594.22 K ​(321.07 °C, ​609.93 °F)
يشنا ټکی1040 K ​(767 °C, ​1413 °F)
Density near r.t.8.65 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.7.996 g/cm3
Heat of fusion6.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization99.87 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.020 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)5305836547458671040
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states2, 1, −2 ​(a mildlybasic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.69
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 867.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1631.4 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3616 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 151 pm
Covalent radius144±9 pm
Van der Waals radius158 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure ​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for cadmium
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for cadmium
Speed of sound thin rod2310 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion30.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه96.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity72.7 nΩ·m (at 22 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[۲]
Magnetic susceptibility(χmol)−19.8·10−6 cm3/mol[۳]
Young's modulus50 GPa
Shear modulus19 GPa
Bulk modulus42 GPa
Poisson ratio0.30
Mohs hardness2.0
Brinell hardness203–220 MPa
CAS Number7440-43-9
History
Discovery and first isolationKarl Samuel Leberecht Hermann andFriedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Named byFriedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Mainisotopes of cadmium
آيسو­ټوپAbun­danceنیم ژوند(t1/2)Decay modePro­duct
106Cd1.25%stable
107Cdsyn6.5 hε107Ag
108Cd0.89%stable
109Cdsyn462.6 dε109Ag
110Cd12.47%stable
111Cd12.80%stable
112Cd24.11%stable
113Cd12.23%7.7×1015 yβ−113In

کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2

114Cd28.75%stable
115Cdsyn53.46 hβ−115In
116Cd7.51%3.1×1019 yβ−β−116Sn
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| references | in Wikidata

کادميوم (پهانگرېزي:Cadmium) لهکیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې پهتناوبي جدول کې دCd سمبول او ۴۸اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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د استعمال ځایونه

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سرچينې

[سمول]
  1. ↑Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016)."Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure Appl. Chem.88 (3): 265–91.doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.{{cite journal}}:Unknown parameter|displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  2. ↑Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds".CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics(PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press.ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  3. ↑Weast, Robert (1984).CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110.ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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