عمومي خواص Pronunciation / ˈ b ɪ z m ə θ / BIZ Appearance lustrous brownish silver Bismuth پهدوراني جدول کې اټومي شمیره (Z ) 83 گروپ ,پیریود group 15 (pnictogens) period 6 بلاک p-block Element category post-transition metal معياري اټومي وزن (A r ) کينډۍ:Val [ ۱] Electron configuration [Xe ] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 فزیکي خواص حالت (at STP) جامد دويلې کيدو ټکى 544.7 K (271.5 °C, 520.7 °F) يشنا ټکی 1837 K (1564 °C, 2847 °F) Density near r.t. 9.78 g/cm3 when liquid, at m.p. 10.05 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 11.30 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 179 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 25.52 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 941 1041 1165 1325 1538 1835
اټومي خواص Oxidation states 5, 4,3 , 2, 1, −1, −2, −3 (a mildlyacidic oxide)Electronegativity Pauling scale: 2.02 Ionization energies 1st: 703 kJ/mol 2nd: 1610 kJ/mol 3rd: 2466 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 156 pm Covalent radius 148±4 pm Van der Waals radius 207 pm Miscellanea Crystal structure rhombohedral [ ۲] Rhombohedral crystal structure for bismuth Speed of sound thin rod 1790 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) د تودوخې تېرېدنه 7.97 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 1.29 µΩ·m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering diamagnetic Magnetic susceptibility (χ mol ) −280.1·10−6 cm3 /mol[ ۳] Young's modulus 32 GPa Shear modulus 12 GPa Bulk modulus 31 GPa Poisson ratio 0.33 Mohs hardness 2.25 Brinell hardness 70–95 MPa CAS Number 7440-69-9 History Discovery Claude François Geoffroy (1753) Mainisotopes of bismuth | references | in Wikidata 
