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منځپانگې ته ورتلل
ويکيپېډيا
پلټنه

سېريوم

د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
Cerium,  58Ce
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation/ˈsɪəriəm/
Appearancesilvery white
Cerium پهدوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)


Ce

Th
lanthanumceriumpraseodymium
اټومي شمیره(Z)58
گروپ,پیریودgroup n/a,period 6
بلاکf-block
Element category lanthanide
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2[۲]
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت(at STP)جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى1068 K ​(795 °C, ​1463 °F)
يشنا ټکی3716 K ​(3443 °C, ​6229 °F)
Density near r.t.6.770 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.6.55 g/cm3
Heat of fusion5.46 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization398 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.94 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)199221942442275431593705
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states4,3, 2, 1 ​(a mildlybasic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.12
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 534.4 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 181.8 pm
Covalent radius204±9 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structuredouble hexagonal close-packed (dhcp)
Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for cerium
Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for cerium

β-Ce
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for cerium
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for cerium

γ-Ce
Speed of sound thin rod2100 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansionγ, poly: 6.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه11.3 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivityβ, poly: 828 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[۳]
Magnetic susceptibility(χmol)(β) +2450.0·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[۴]
Young's modulusγ form: 33.6 GPa
Shear modulusγ form: 13.5 GPa
Bulk modulusγ form: 21.5 GPa
Poisson ratioγ form: 0.24
Mohs hardness2.5
Vickers hardness210–470 MPa
Brinell hardness186–412 MPa
CAS Number7440-45-1
History
Namingafter dwarf planetCeres, itself named after Roman deity of agricultureCeres
DiscoveryMartin Heinrich Klaproth,Jöns Jakob Berzelius,Wilhelm Hisinger (1803)
First isolationCarl Gustaf Mosander (1838)
Mainisotopes of cerium
آيسو­ټوپAbun­danceنیم ژوند(t1/2)Decay modePro­duct
134Cesyn3.16 dε134La
136Ce0.186%stable
138Ce0.251%stable
139Cesyn137.640 dε139La
140Ce88.449%stable
141Cesyn32.501 dβ141Pr
142Ce11.114%stable
143Cesyn33.039 dβ143Pr
144Cesyn284.893 dβ144Pr
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| references | in Wikidata

سېريوم (پهانگرېزي:Cerium) لهکیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې پهتناوبي جدول کې دCe سمبول او ۵۸اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات

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تاریخچه

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مرکبات

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د استعمال ځایونه

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سرچينې

[سمول]
  1. Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016)."Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure Appl. Chem.88 (3): 265–91.doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.{{cite journal}}:Unknown parameter|displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  2. Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms, NIST
  3. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds".CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics(PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press.ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  4. Weast, Robert (1984).CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110.ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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