Movatterモバイル変換

CREATE LANGUAGE
Prev	Up	SQL Commands	Home	Next

CREATE LANGUAGE

CREATE LANGUAGE — define a new procedural language

Synopsis

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGEname    HANDLERcall_handler [ INLINEinline_handler ] [ VALIDATORvalfunction ]CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGEname

Description

CREATE LANGUAGE registers a new procedural language with aPostgreSQL database. Subsequently, functions and procedures can be defined in this new language.

CREATE LANGUAGE effectively associates the language name with handler function(s) that are responsible for executing functions written in the language. Refer toChapter 56 for more information about language handlers.

CREATE OR REPLACE LANGUAGE will either create a new language, or replace an existing definition. If the language already exists, its parameters are updated according to the command, but the language's ownership and permissions settings do not change, and any existing functions written in the language are assumed to still be valid.

One must have thePostgreSQL superuser privilege to register a new language or change an existing language's parameters. However, once the language is created it is valid to assign ownership of it to a non-superuser, who may then drop it, change its permissions, rename it, or assign it to a new owner. (Do not, however, assign ownership of the underlying C functions to a non-superuser; that would create a privilege escalation path for that user.)

The form ofCREATE LANGUAGE that does not supply any handler function is obsolete. For backwards compatibility with old dump files, it is interpreted asCREATE EXTENSION. That will work if the language has been packaged into an extension of the same name, which is the conventional way to set up procedural languages.

Parameters

TRUSTED

TRUSTED specifies that the language does not grant access to data that the user would not otherwise have. If this key word is omitted when registering the language, only users with thePostgreSQL superuser privilege can use this language to create new functions.

PROCEDURAL

This is a noise word.

name

The name of the new procedural language. The name must be unique among the languages in the database.

HANDLERcall_handler

call_handler is the name of a previously registered function that will be called to execute the procedural language's functions. The call handler for a procedural language must be written in a compiled language such as C with version 1 call convention and registered withPostgreSQL as a function taking no arguments and returning thelanguage_handler type, a placeholder type that is simply used to identify the function as a call handler.

INLINEinline_handler

inline_handler is the name of a previously registered function that will be called to execute an anonymous code block (DO command) in this language. If noinline_handler function is specified, the language does not support anonymous code blocks. The handler function must take one argument of typeinternal, which will be theDO command's internal representation, and it will typically returnvoid. The return value of the handler is ignored.

VALIDATORvalfunction

valfunction is the name of a previously registered function that will be called when a new function in the language is created, to validate the new function. If no validator function is specified, then a new function will not be checked when it is created. The validator function must take one argument of typeoid, which will be the OID of the to-be-created function, and will typically returnvoid.

A validator function would typically inspect the function body for syntactical correctness, but it can also look at other properties of the function, for example if the language cannot handle certain argument types. To signal an error, the validator function should use theereport() function. The return value of the function is ignored.

Notes

UseDROP LANGUAGE to drop procedural languages.

The system catalogpg_language (seeSection 51.29) records information about the currently installed languages. Also, thepsql command\dL lists the installed languages.

To create functions in a procedural language, a user must have theUSAGE privilege for the language. By default,USAGE is granted toPUBLIC (i.e., everyone) for trusted languages. This can be revoked if desired.

Procedural languages are local to individual databases. However, a language can be installed into thetemplate1 database, which will cause it to be available automatically in all subsequently-created databases.

Examples

A minimal sequence for creating a new procedural language is:

CREATE FUNCTION plsample_call_handler() RETURNS language_handler    AS '$libdir/plsample'    LANGUAGE C;CREATE LANGUAGE plsample    HANDLER plsample_call_handler;

Typically that would be written in an extension's creation script, and users would do this to install the extension:

CREATE EXTENSION plsample;

Compatibility

CREATE LANGUAGE is aPostgreSQL extension.