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pg_ctl
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pg_ctl

pg_ctl — initialize, start, stop, or control aPostgres Pro server

Synopsis

pg_ctlinit[db] [-s] [-Ddatadir] [-oinitdb-options]

pg_ctlstart [-w] [-tseconds] [-s] [-Ddatadir] [-lfilename] [-ooptions] [-ppath] [-c]

pg_ctlstop [-W] [-tseconds] [-s] [-Ddatadir] [-ms[mart] |f[ast] |i[mmediate] ]

pg_ctlrestart [-w] [-tseconds] [-s] [-Ddatadir] [-c] [-ms[mart] |f[ast] |i[mmediate] ] [-ooptions]

pg_ctlreload [-s] [-Ddatadir]

pg_ctlstatus [-Ddatadir]

pg_ctlpromote [-s] [-Ddatadir]

pg_ctlkillsignal_nameprocess_id

pg_ctlregister [-Nservicename] [-Uusername] [-Ppassword] [-Ddatadir] [-Sa[uto] |d[emand] ] [-w] [-tseconds] [-s] [-ooptions]

pg_ctlunregister [-Nservicename]

Description

pg_ctl is a utility for initializing aPostgres Pro database cluster, starting, stopping, or restarting thePostgres Pro database server (postgres), or displaying the status of a running server. Although the server can be started manually,pg_ctl encapsulates tasks such as redirecting log output and properly detaching from the terminal and process group. It also provides convenient options for controlled shutdown.

Theinit orinitdb mode creates a newPostgres Pro database cluster. A database cluster is a collection of databases that are managed by a single server instance. This mode invokes theinitdb command. Seeinitdb for details.

Instart mode, a new server is launched. The server is started in the background, and its standard input is attached to/dev/null (ornul on Windows). On Unix-like systems, by default, the server's standard output and standard error are sent topg_ctl's standard output (not standard error). The standard output ofpg_ctl should then be redirected to a file or piped to another process such as a log rotating program likerotatelogs; otherwisepostgres will write its output to the controlling terminal (from the background) and will not leave the shell's process group. On Windows, by default the server's standard output and standard error are sent to the terminal. These default behaviors can be changed by using-l to append the server's output to a log file. Use of either-l or output redirection is recommended.

Instop mode, the server that is running in the specified data directory is shut down. Three different shutdown methods can be selected with the-m option.“Smart” mode waits for all active clients to disconnect and any online backup to finish. If the server is in hot standby, recovery and streaming replication will be terminated once all clients have disconnected.“Fast” mode (the default) does not wait for clients to disconnect and will terminate an online backup in progress. All active transactions are rolled back and clients are forcibly disconnected, then the server is shut down.“Immediate” mode will abort all server processes immediately, without a clean shutdown. This will lead to a crash-recovery run on the next restart.

restart mode effectively executes a stop followed by a start. This allows changing thepostgres command-line options.restart might fail if relative paths specified were specified on the command-line during server start.

reload mode simply sends thepostgres process aSIGHUP signal, causing it to reread its configuration files (postgresql.conf,pg_hba.conf, etc.). This allows changing of configuration-file options that do not require a complete restart to take effect.

status mode checks whether a server is running in the specified data directory. If it is, thePID and the command line options that were used to invoke it are displayed. If the server is not running, the process returns an exit status of 3. If an accessible data directory is not specified, the process returns an exit status of 4.

Inpromote mode, the standby server that is running in the specified data directory is commanded to exit recovery and begin read-write operations.

kill mode allows you to send a signal to a specified process. This is particularly valuable forMicrosoft Windows which does not have akill command. Use--help to see a list of supported signal names.

register mode allows you to register a system service onMicrosoft Windows. The-S option allows selection of service start type, either“auto” (start service automatically on system startup) or“demand” (start service on demand).

unregister mode allows you to unregister a system service onMicrosoft Windows. This undoes the effects of theregister command.

Options

-c --core-file

Attempt to allow server crashes to produce core files, on platforms where this is possible, by lifting any soft resource limit placed on core files. This is useful in debugging or diagnosing problems by allowing a stack trace to be obtained from a failed server process.

-Ddatadir --pgdatadatadir

Specifies the file system location of the database configuration files. If this is omitted, the environment variablePGDATA is used.

-lfilename --logfilename

Append the server log output tofilename. If the file does not exist, it is created. Theumask is set to 077, so access to the log file is disallowed to other users by default.

-mmode --modemode

Specifies the shutdown mode.mode can besmart,fast, orimmediate, or the first letter of one of these three. If this is omitted,fast is used.

-ooptions

Specifies options to be passed directly to thepostgres command; multiple option invocations are appended.

The options should usually be surrounded by single or double quotes to ensure that they are passed through as a group.

-oinitdb-options

Specifies options to be passed directly to theinitdb command.

The options should usually be surrounded by single or double quotes to ensure that they are passed through as a group.

-ppath

Specifies the location of thepostgres executable. By default thepostgres executable is taken from the same directory aspg_ctl, or failing that, the hard-wired installation directory. It is not necessary to use this option unless you are doing something unusual and get errors that thepostgres executable was not found.

Ininit mode, this option analogously specifies the location of theinitdb executable.

-s --silent

Print only errors, no informational messages.

-t --timeout

The maximum number of seconds to wait when waiting for startup or shutdown to complete. Defaults to the value of thePGCTLTIMEOUT environment variable or, if not set, to 60 seconds.

-V --version

Print thepg_ctl version and exit.

-w

Wait for the startup or shutdown to complete. Waiting is the default option for shutdowns, but not startups. When waiting for startup,pg_ctl repeatedly attempts to connect to the server. When waiting for shutdown,pg_ctl waits for the server to remove its PID file. This option allows the entry of an SSL passphrase on startup.pg_ctl returns an exit code based on the success of the startup or shutdown.

-W

Do not wait for startup or shutdown to complete. This is the default for start and restart modes.

-? --help

Show help aboutpg_ctl command line arguments, and exit.

Options for Windows

-esource: Name of the event source forpg_ctl to use for logging to the event log when running as a Windows service. The default isPostgres Pro. Note that this only controls the logging frompg_ctl itself; once started, the server will use the event source specified by event_source. Should the server fail during early startup, it might also log using the default event sourcePostgres Pro.
-Nservicename: Name of the system service to register. The name will be used as both the service name and the display name.
-Ppassword: Password for the user to start the service.
-Sstart-type: Start type of the system service to register. start-type can beauto, ordemand, or the first letter of one of these two. If this is omitted,auto is used.
-Uusername: User name for the user to start the service. For domain users, use the formatDOMAIN\username.

Environment

PGCTLTIMEOUT: Default limit on the number of seconds to wait when waiting for startup or shutdown to complete. If not set, the default is 60 seconds.
PGDATA: Default data directory location.

pg_ctl, like most otherPostgres Pro utilities, also uses the environment variables supported bylibpq (seeSection 31.14). For additional server variables, seepostgres.

Files

postmaster.pid: The existence of this file in the data directory is used to helppg_ctl determine if the server is currently running.
postmaster.opts: If this file exists in the data directory,pg_ctl (inrestart mode) will pass the contents of the file as options topostgres, unless overridden by the-o option. The contents of this file are also displayed instatus mode.

Examples

Starting the Server

To start the server:

$pg_ctl start

To start the server, waiting until the server is accepting connections:

$pg_ctl -w start

To start the server using port 5433, and running withoutfsync, use:

$pg_ctl -o "-F -p 5433" start

Stopping the Server

To stop the server, use:

$pg_ctl stop

The-m option allows control overhow the server shuts down:

$pg_ctl stop -m fast

Restarting the Server

Restarting the server is almost equivalent to stopping the server and starting it again, except thatpg_ctl saves and reuses the command line options that were passed to the previously running instance. To restart the server in the simplest form, use:

$pg_ctl restart

To restart the server, waiting for it to shut down and restart:

$pg_ctl -w restart

To restart using port 5433, disablingfsync upon restart:

$pg_ctl -o "-F -p 5433" restart

Showing the Server Status

Here is sample status output frompg_ctl:

$pg_ctl statuspg_ctl: server is running (PID: 13718)/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres "-D" "/usr/local/pgsql/data" "-p" "5433" "-B" "128"

This is the command line that would be invoked in restart mode.