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32.13. Event System
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32.13. Event System

libpq's event system is designed to notify registered event handlers about interestinglibpq events, such as the creation or destruction ofPGconn andPGresult objects. A principal use case is that this allows applications to associate their own data with aPGconn orPGresult and ensure that that data is freed at an appropriate time.

Each registered event handler is associated with two pieces of data, known tolibpq only as opaquevoid * pointers. There is apassthrough pointer that is provided by the application when the event handler is registered with aPGconn. The passthrough pointer never changes for the life of thePGconn and allPGresults generated from it; so if used, it must point to long-lived data. In addition there is aninstance data pointer, which starts outNULL in everyPGconn andPGresult. This pointer can be manipulated using thePQinstanceData,PQsetInstanceData,PQresultInstanceData andPQsetResultInstanceData functions. Note that unlike the passthrough pointer, instance data of aPGconn is not automatically inherited byPGresults created from it.libpq does not know what passthrough and instance data pointers point to (if anything) and will never attempt to free them — that is the responsibility of the event handler.

32.13.1. Event Types

The enumPGEventId names the types of events handled by the event system. All its values have names beginning withPGEVT. For each event type, there is a corresponding event info structure that carries the parameters passed to the event handlers. The event types are:

PGEVT_REGISTER

The register event occurs whenPQregisterEventProc is called. It is the ideal time to initialize anyinstanceData an event procedure may need. Only one register event will be fired per event handler per connection. If the event procedure fails, the registration is aborted.

typedef struct{    PGconn *conn;} PGEventRegister;

When aPGEVT_REGISTER event is received, theevtInfo pointer should be cast to aPGEventRegister *. This structure contains aPGconn that should be in theCONNECTION_OK status; guaranteed if one callsPQregisterEventProc right after obtaining a goodPGconn. When returning a failure code, all cleanup must be performed as noPGEVT_CONNDESTROY event will be sent.

PGEVT_CONNRESET

The connection reset event is fired on completion ofPQreset orPQresetPoll. In both cases, the event is only fired if the reset was successful. If the event procedure fails, the entire connection reset will fail; thePGconn is put intoCONNECTION_BAD status andPQresetPoll will returnPGRES_POLLING_FAILED.

typedef struct{    PGconn *conn;} PGEventConnReset;

When aPGEVT_CONNRESET event is received, theevtInfo pointer should be cast to aPGEventConnReset *. Although the containedPGconn was just reset, all event data remains unchanged. This event should be used to reset/reload/requery any associatedinstanceData. Note that even if the event procedure fails to processPGEVT_CONNRESET, it will still receive aPGEVT_CONNDESTROY event when the connection is closed.

PGEVT_CONNDESTROY

The connection destroy event is fired in response toPQfinish. It is the event procedure's responsibility to properly clean up its event data as libpq has no ability to manage this memory. Failure to clean up will lead to memory leaks.

typedef struct{    PGconn *conn;} PGEventConnDestroy;

When aPGEVT_CONNDESTROY event is received, theevtInfo pointer should be cast to aPGEventConnDestroy *. This event is fired prior toPQfinish performing any other cleanup. The return value of the event procedure is ignored since there is no way of indicating a failure fromPQfinish. Also, an event procedure failure should not abort the process of cleaning up unwanted memory.

PGEVT_RESULTCREATE

The result creation event is fired in response to any query execution function that generates a result, includingPQgetResult. This event will only be fired after the result has been created successfully.

typedef struct{    PGconn *conn;    PGresult *result;} PGEventResultCreate;

When aPGEVT_RESULTCREATE event is received, theevtInfo pointer should be cast to aPGEventResultCreate *. Theconn is the connection used to generate the result. This is the ideal place to initialize anyinstanceData that needs to be associated with the result. If the event procedure fails, the result will be cleared and the failure will be propagated. The event procedure must not try toPQclear the result object for itself. When returning a failure code, all cleanup must be performed as noPGEVT_RESULTDESTROY event will be sent.

PGEVT_RESULTCOPY

The result copy event is fired in response toPQcopyResult. This event will only be fired after the copy is complete. Only event procedures that have successfully handled thePGEVT_RESULTCREATE orPGEVT_RESULTCOPY event for the source result will receivePGEVT_RESULTCOPY events.

typedef struct{    const PGresult *src;    PGresult *dest;} PGEventResultCopy;

When aPGEVT_RESULTCOPY event is received, theevtInfo pointer should be cast to aPGEventResultCopy *. Thesrc result is what was copied while thedest result is the copy destination. This event can be used to provide a deep copy ofinstanceData, sincePQcopyResult cannot do that. If the event procedure fails, the entire copy operation will fail and thedest result will be cleared. When returning a failure code, all cleanup must be performed as noPGEVT_RESULTDESTROY event will be sent for the destination result.

PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY

The result destroy event is fired in response to aPQclear. It is the event procedure's responsibility to properly clean up its event data as libpq has no ability to manage this memory. Failure to clean up will lead to memory leaks.

typedef struct{    PGresult *result;} PGEventResultDestroy;

When aPGEVT_RESULTDESTROY event is received, theevtInfo pointer should be cast to aPGEventResultDestroy *. This event is fired prior toPQclear performing any other cleanup. The return value of the event procedure is ignored since there is no way of indicating a failure fromPQclear. Also, an event procedure failure should not abort the process of cleaning up unwanted memory.

32.13.2. Event Callback Procedure

PGEventProc

PGEventProc is a typedef for a pointer to an event procedure, that is, the user callback function that receives events from libpq. The signature of an event procedure must be

int eventproc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough)

TheevtId parameter indicates whichPGEVT event occurred. TheevtInfo pointer must be cast to the appropriate structure type to obtain further information about the event. ThepassThrough parameter is the pointer provided toPQregisterEventProc when the event procedure was registered. The function should return a non-zero value if it succeeds and zero if it fails.

A particular event procedure can be registered only once in anyPGconn. This is because the address of the procedure is used as a lookup key to identify the associated instance data.

Caution

On Windows, functions can have two different addresses: one visible from outside a DLL and another visible from inside the DLL. One should be careful that only one of these addresses is used withlibpq's event-procedure functions, else confusion will result. The simplest rule for writing code that will work is to ensure that event procedures are declaredstatic. If the procedure's address must be available outside its own source file, expose a separate function to return the address.

32.13.3. Event Support Functions

PQregisterEventProc

Registers an event callback procedure with libpq.

int PQregisterEventProc(PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc,                        const char *name, void *passThrough);

An event procedure must be registered once on eachPGconn you want to receive events about. There is no limit, other than memory, on the number of event procedures that can be registered with a connection. The function returns a non-zero value if it succeeds and zero if it fails.

Theproc argument will be called when a libpq event is fired. Its memory address is also used to lookupinstanceData. Thename argument is used to refer to the event procedure in error messages. This value cannot beNULL or a zero-length string. The name string is copied into thePGconn, so what is passed need not be long-lived. ThepassThrough pointer is passed to theproc whenever an event occurs. This argument can beNULL.

PQsetInstanceData

Sets the connectionconn'sinstanceData for procedureproc todata. This returns non-zero for success and zero for failure. (Failure is only possible ifproc has not been properly registered inconn.)

int PQsetInstanceData(PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc, void *data);

PQinstanceData

Returns the connectionconn'sinstanceData associated with procedureproc, orNULL if there is none.

void *PQinstanceData(const PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc);

PQresultSetInstanceData

Sets the result'sinstanceData forproc todata. This returns non-zero for success and zero for failure. (Failure is only possible ifproc has not been properly registered in the result.)

int PQresultSetInstanceData(PGresult *res, PGEventProc proc, void *data);

PQresultInstanceData

Returns the result'sinstanceData associated withproc, orNULL if there is none.

void *PQresultInstanceData(const PGresult *res, PGEventProc proc);

32.13.4. Event Example

Here is a skeleton example of managing private data associated with libpq connections and results.

/* required header for libpq events (note: includes libpq-fe.h) */#include <libpq-events.h>/* The instanceData */typedef struct{    int n;    char *str;} mydata;/* PGEventProc */static int myEventProc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough);intmain(void){    mydata *data;    PGresult *res;    PGconn *conn =        PQconnectdb("dbname=postgres options=-csearch_path=");    if (PQstatus(conn) != CONNECTION_OK)    {        fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database failed: %s",                PQerrorMessage(conn));        PQfinish(conn);        return 1;    }    /* called once on any connection that should receive events.     * Sends a PGEVT_REGISTER to myEventProc.     */    if (!PQregisterEventProc(conn, myEventProc, "mydata_proc", NULL))    {        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot register PGEventProc\n");        PQfinish(conn);        return 1;    }    /* conn instanceData is available */    data = PQinstanceData(conn, myEventProc);    /* Sends a PGEVT_RESULTCREATE to myEventProc */    res = PQexec(conn, "SELECT 1 + 1");    /* result instanceData is available */    data = PQresultInstanceData(res, myEventProc);    /* If PG_COPYRES_EVENTS is used, sends a PGEVT_RESULTCOPY to myEventProc */    res_copy = PQcopyResult(res, PG_COPYRES_TUPLES | PG_COPYRES_EVENTS);    /* result instanceData is available if PG_COPYRES_EVENTS was     * used during the PQcopyResult call.     */    data = PQresultInstanceData(res_copy, myEventProc);    /* Both clears send a PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY to myEventProc */    PQclear(res);    PQclear(res_copy);    /* Sends a PGEVT_CONNDESTROY to myEventProc */    PQfinish(conn);    return 0;}static intmyEventProc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough){    switch (evtId)    {        case PGEVT_REGISTER:        {            PGEventRegister *e = (PGEventRegister *)evtInfo;            mydata *data = get_mydata(e->conn);            /* associate app specific data with connection */            PQsetInstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc, data);            break;        }        case PGEVT_CONNRESET:        {            PGEventConnReset *e = (PGEventConnReset *)evtInfo;            mydata *data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc);            if (data)              memset(data, 0, sizeof(mydata));            break;        }        case PGEVT_CONNDESTROY:        {            PGEventConnDestroy *e = (PGEventConnDestroy *)evtInfo;            mydata *data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc);            /* free instance data because the conn is being destroyed */            if (data)              free_mydata(data);            break;        }        case PGEVT_RESULTCREATE:        {            PGEventResultCreate *e = (PGEventResultCreate *)evtInfo;            mydata *conn_data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc);            mydata *res_data = dup_mydata(conn_data);            /* associate app specific data with result (copy it from conn) */            PQsetResultInstanceData(e->result, myEventProc, res_data);            break;        }        case PGEVT_RESULTCOPY:        {            PGEventResultCopy *e = (PGEventResultCopy *)evtInfo;            mydata *src_data = PQresultInstanceData(e->src, myEventProc);            mydata *dest_data = dup_mydata(src_data);            /* associate app specific data with result (copy it from a result) */            PQsetResultInstanceData(e->dest, myEventProc, dest_data);            break;        }        case PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY:        {            PGEventResultDestroy *e = (PGEventResultDestroy *)evtInfo;            mydata *data = PQresultInstanceData(e->result, myEventProc);            /* free instance data because the result is being destroyed */            if (data)              free_mydata(data);            break;        }        /* unknown event ID, just return true. */        default:            break;    }    return true; /* event processing succeeded */}

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