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PoliticalGraveyard.com

The Internet's Most Comprehensive Source of U.S. Political Biography
(or, The Web Site that Tells Where the Dead Politicians are Buried)
Created and maintained byLawrence Kestenbaum

Politicians Portrayed on Money
(U.S. or Confederate coins orcurrency)

Thomas Hart Benton (1782-1858) — also known as"Old Bullion" — of Franklin,WilliamsonCounty, Tenn.;St.Louis, Mo.Born near Hillsborough,OrangeCounty, N.C.,March14, 1782.Lawyer;newspapereditor; member ofTennesseestate senate, 1809;U.S.Senator from Missouri, 1821-51;U.S.Representative from Missouri 1st District, 1853-55; BentonDemocrat candidate forGovernor ofMissouri, 1856.Fought aduelwithAndrewJackson, who later became a political ally. In April, 1850, hecaused ascandalwith his attempt toassaultSen.HenryStuart Foote, of Mississippi, during debate on the Senate floor;he was restrained by other senators. Foote had a cocked pistol in hishand and undoubtedly would have shot him.Slaveowner. Died inWashington,D.C.,April10, 1858 (age76 years, 27days).Interment atBellefontaineCemetery, St. Louis, Mo.

in alphabetical order Judah Philip Benjamin (1811-1884) — also known asJudah P. Benjamin;Philippe Benjamin;"Poo Bah of the Confederacy" —of New Orleans,OrleansParish, La.; London,England;Paris,France.Born in Christiansted, St. Croix,VirginIslands,August6, 1811.Lawyer;member ofLouisianastate house of representatives, 1842-44;delegateto Louisiana state constitutional convention, 1845; PresidentialElector for Louisiana,1848;U.S.Senator from Louisiana, 1853-61;ConfederateAttorney General, 1861;ConfederateSecretary of War, 1861-62;ConfederateSecretary of State, 1862-65.Jewish.Hefledto Europe in 1865 toavoidarrest by Union forces; he was suspected of involvement in theassassinationof PresidentAbrahamLincoln.Slaveowner.Fellfrom atramcar about 1880, and suffered multiple injuries; also developedkidneyandheartproblems, and died in Paris,France,May6, 1884 (age72 years, 274days).Interment atPèrela Chaise Cemetery, Paris, France. Ira Allen (1751-1814) — also known as"Founder of Vermont" — of Vermont. Born in Cornwall,LitchfieldCounty, Conn.,April21, 1751.Vermontstate treasurer, 1776-86.Died in Philadelphia,PhiladelphiaCounty, Pa.,January7, 1814 (age62 years, 261days).Interment atArchStreet Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pa.; cenotaphatWetherillsCemetery, Audubon, Pa.; cenotaph atGreenmountCemetery, Burlington, Vt.   ThetownofAlburgh,Vermont, isnamed forhim.  — The Ira AllenChapel,at theUniversityof Vermont,Burlington,Vermont, isnamed forhim.   Coins and currency: Hisportraitappears on the Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar, a 50-centpiece minted in 1927.   See alsoWikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial   Image source: Men of Vermont(1894)     Relatives: Sonof Philip Benjamin and Rebecca (de Mendes) Benjamin; married1833 toNatalie St. Martin; cousin *** ofHenryMichael Hyams.   Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the Confederate States $2 note in 1861-64.   See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article   Books about Judah P. Benjamin: RobertDouthat Meade,JudahP. Benjamin: Confederate Statesman — Eli N. Evans,JudahP. Benjamin : The Jewish Confederate

	Relatives: Sonof Jesse Benton and Ann (Gooch) Benton; married1821 toElizabeth McDowell (sister ofJamesMcDowell); father of Jessie Benton (who marriedJohnCharles Frémont); uncle ofThomasHart Benton Jr.; granduncle ofMaecenasEason Benton.
		Political family:Breckinridge-Preston-Harrison-Richardsonfamily of Virginia (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Benton counties inArk.,Ind.,Iowa,Minn.,Ore. andWash. arenamed for him.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $100 gold certificate in the 1880s to1920s.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about Thomas Hart Benton: John F.Kennedy,Profilesin Courage
		Image source: The South in the Buildingof the Nation (1909)

John Caldwell Calhoun (1782-1850) — also known asJohn C. Calhoun — of Pickens District (nowPickensCounty), S.C.Born in Abbeville District (part now inMcCormickCounty), S.C.,March18, 1782.Member ofSouthCarolina state house of representatives, 1808;U.S.Representative from South Carolina 6th District, 1811-17;U.S.Secretary of War, 1817-25;VicePresident of the United States, 1825-32; resigned 1832;U.S.Senator from South Carolina, 1832-43, 1845-50; died in office1850;U.S.Secretary of State, 1844-45.Scotch-Irishancestry.Slaveowner. Died inWashington,D.C.,March31, 1850 (age68 years, 13days).Interment atSt.Philip's Churchyard, Charleston, S.C.; cenotaph atCongressionalCemetery, Washington, D.C.; memorial monument atMarionPark, Charleston, S.C.

	Relatives: Sonof James Patrick Calhoun and Martha (Caldwell) Calhoun; married,December27, 1809, to Floride Bonneau andFlorideColhoun (daughter ofJohnEwing Colhoun (c.1749-1802)); father of Anna Maria Calhoun (whomarriedThomasGreen Clemson); uncle ofJohnAlfred Calhoun and Martha Catherine Calhoun (who marriedArmisteadBurt); great-granduncle ofJohnTemple Graves; first cousin ofJohnEwing Colhoun (c.1749-1802) andJosephCalhoun; first cousin once removed ofAndrewPickens; first cousin twice removed ofFrancisWilkinson Pickens; second cousin once removed of Sarah AnnCalhoun (who marriedAlexanderHenry Brown); second cousin twice removed ofWilliamFrancis Calhoun.
		Political family:Calhoun-Pickensfamily of South Carolina (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Calhoun counties inAla.,Ark.,Fla.,Ga.,Ill.,Iowa,Mich.,Miss.,S.C.,Tex. andW.Va. arenamed for him.
		The John C. CalhounStateOffice Building (opened 1926), inColumbia,South Carolina, isnamed forhim.  —LakeCalhoun (now known by its Dakota name, Bde Maka Ska), inMinneapolis,Minnesota, wasnamed forhim.  — The World War IILibertyshipSS John C. Calhoun (built 1941-42 atWilmington,North Carolina; destroyed in cargo explosion atFinchhafen,Papua New Guinea, 1944) wasnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:JohnC. Johnson—JohnCalhoun Nicholls—JohnCalhoun Cook—JohnC. Sheppard—John C.Bell—JohnC. C. Mayo—JohnC. Phillips
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on Confederate States $1,000 notes (1861) and $100 notes(1862).
		Campaign slogan: "Liberty dearer thanunion."
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial
		Books about John C. Calhoun: MargaretL. Coit,JohnC. Calhoun : American Portrait — Clyde N. Wilson,JohnC. Calhoun — Merrill D. Peterson,TheGreat Triumvirate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun — MikeResnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology] — Warren Brown,JohnC. Calhoun (for young readers)
		Image source: James Smith NoelCollection, Louisiana State University in Shreveport

Salmon Portland Chase (1808-1873) — also known asSalmon P. Chase;"Old Mr.Greenbacks" —of Cincinnati,HamiltonCounty, Ohio.Born in Cornish,SullivanCounty, N.H.,January13, 1808.Republican. Liberty candidate forU.S.Representative from Ohio 1st District, 1846;U.S.Senator from Ohio, 1849-55, 1861;Governor ofOhio, 1856-60; candidate for Republican nomination for President,1856,1860;U.S.Secretary of the Treasury, 1861-64;ChiefJustice of U.S. Supreme Court, 1864-73; died in office 1873.Episcopalian.Died in New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.,May 7,1873 (age65 years, 114days).Original interment atOakHill Cemetery, Washington, D.C.; reinterment atSpringGrove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio.

	Relatives: Sonof Ithamar Chase and Janette Chase; married to Eliza Ann Smith;father of Katherine Jane 'Kate' Chase (who marriedWilliamSprague); nephew ofDudleyChase; cousin *** ofDudleyChase Denison.
		Political family:Chasefamily of Vermont and Rhode Island (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Chase County,Kan. is named for him.
		Chase Hall (dormitory, built 1926), at HarvardUniversityBusiness School,Boston,Massachusetts, isnamed forhim.  — The World War IILibertyshipSS Salmon P. Chase (built 1942 atPortland,Oregon; scrapped 1960) wasnamed forhim.
		Politician named for him:ChaseS. Osborn
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on various U.S. currency, including $1 and $10 notes inthe 1860s, and the $10,000 bill from 1918 to 1946.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —NationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about Salmon P. Chase: FrederickJ. Blue,SalmonP. Chase : A Life in Politics — John Niven,SalmonP. Chase : A Biography — Albert B. Hart,SalmonP. Chase — Doris Kearns Goodwin,Teamof Rivals : The Political Genius of AbrahamLincoln
		Image source: Life and Work of James G.Blaine (1893)

 William Clark (1770-1838) — of Missouri. Born inCarolineCounty, Va.,August1, 1770.Governorof Missouri Territory, 1813-20; candidate forGovernor ofMissouri, 1820.Episcopalian.Member,Freemasons.Commanded expedition withMeriwetherLewis to Oregon, 1803-04.Died inSt.Louis, Mo.,September1, 1838 (age68 years, 31days).Interment atBellefontaineCemetery, St. Louis, Mo.

	Relatives:Grandfather-in-law ofEdgarParks Rucker.
		Cross-reference:GeorgeF. Shannon
		Clark counties inArk.,Mo. andWash. arenamed for him;Lewis and ClarkCounty, Mont. is named partly for him.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared (along with Lewis's) on the U.S. $10 note(1898-1927).
		See alsoNNDBdossier
		Books about William Clark: Jay H.Buckley,WilliamClark: Indian Diplomat — Donald Barr Chidsey,Lewisand Clark: The Great Adventure

 Clement Claiborne Clay Jr. (1816-1882) — of Huntsville,MadisonCounty, Ala.Born in Huntsville,MadisonCounty, Ala.,December13, 1816.Democrat. Member ofAlabamastate house of representatives, 1842; state court judge inAlabama, 1846;U.S.Senator from Alabama, 1853-61;Senatorfrom Alabama in the Confederate Congress, 1862-64.Suspected of conspiring with otherConfederatestoassassinatePresidentAbrahamLincoln, he wasimprisonedfor nearly a year after the war.Slaveowner. Died near Gurley,MadisonCounty, Ala.,January3, 1882 (age65 years, 21days).Interment atMapleHill Cemetery, Huntsville, Ala.

	Relatives: SonofClementComer Clay; married,February1, 1843, to Virginia Caroline Tunstall (who later marriedDavidClopton); second cousin twice removed ofMatthewClay (1754-1815) andGreenClay; third cousin once removed ofHenryClay (1777-1852),PorterClay,MatthewClay (c.1795-1827),BrutusJunius Clay (1808-1878) andCassiusMarcellus Clay; fourth cousin ofThomasHart Clay,JamesBrown Clay andBrutusJunius Clay (1847-1932); fourth cousin once removed ofHenryClay (1849-1884).
		Political family:Ligon-Clay-Cloptonfamily of Montgomery and Tuskegee, Alabama (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on Confederate States $1 notes in 1862-64.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article

Henry Clay (1777-1852) — also known as"The Sage of Ashland";"TheGreat Compromiser" —of Lexington,FayetteCounty, Ky.Born inHanoverCounty, Va.,April12, 1777.Member ofKentuckystate house of representatives, 1803;U.S.Senator from Kentucky, 1806-07, 1810-11, 1831-42, 1849-52; diedin office 1852;U.S.Representative from Kentucky, 1811-14, 1815-21, 1823-25 (5thDistrict 1811-13, at-large 1813-14, 2nd District 1815-21, 3rdDistrict 1823-25);Speaker ofthe U.S. House, 1811-14, 1815-20, 1823-25; candidate forPresidentof the United States, 1824, 1832 (National Republican), 1844(Whig);U.S.Secretary of State, 1825-29; candidate for Whig nomination forPresident, 1839.Member,Freemasons.In 1809, he fought aduelwithHumphreyMarshall, in which both men were wounded. Elected to theHallof Fame for Great Americans in 1900.Slaveowner. Died inWashington,D.C.,June 29,1852 (age75 years, 78days).Interment atLexingtonCemetery, Lexington, Ky.; cenotaph atCongressionalCemetery, Washington, D.C.

	Relatives: Sonof John Clay and Elizabeth (Hudson) Clay; brother ofPorterClay; married,April11, 1799, to Lucretia (Hart) Erwin; father ofThomasHart Clay,HenryClay Jr. andJamesBrown Clay; grandfather ofHenryClay (1849-1884); granduncle of Ellen Hart Ross (who marriedJamesReily); first cousin once removed ofMatthewClay (1754-1815) andGreenClay; second cousin ofMatthewClay (c.1795-1827),BrutusJunius Clay (1808-1878) andCassiusMarcellus Clay; second cousin once removed ofGreenClay Smith andBrutusJunius Clay (1847-1932); second cousin thrice removed ofOliverCarroll Clay; second cousin four times removed ofArcherWoodford; third cousin ofClementComer Clay; third cousin once removed ofClementClaiborne Clay Jr..
		Political family:Clayfamily of Kentucky (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Clay counties inAla.,Fla.,Ga.,Ill.,Ind.,Kan.,Minn.,Miss.,Mo.,Neb.,N.C.,S.Dak.,Tenn.,Tex. andW.Va. arenamed for him.
		MountClay (also called Mount Reagan), in the White Mountains,CoosCounty, New Hampshire, isnamed forhim.  — The World War IILibertyshipSS Henry Clay (built 1941-42 atMobile,Alabama; scrapped 1967) wasnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:HenryClay Longnecker—HenryClay Dean—H.Clay Dickinson—HenryC. Brockmeyer—HenryClay Sexton—H.Clay Cockerill—HenryClay Ewing—HenryClay Caldwell—HenryClay Hall—HenryClay Gooding—HenryClay Naill—HenryC. Myers—HenryC. Peabody—HenryC. Cole—HenryC. Platt—H.Clay Harris—HenryC. Hines—HenryC. Miner—HenryC. Warmoth—HenryClay Cleveland—HenryC. Erman—H.Clay Evans—HenryC. Payne—HenryC. Bates—H.Clay Foster—HenryC. McCormick—HenryC. Ide—HenryClay Williams—HenryC. Simms—HenryClay Ferguson—HenryC. Glover—H.Clay Park—HenryC. Hansbrough—HenryC. Snodgrass—H.Clay Maydwell—HenryC. Gleason—HenryC. Loudenslager—H.Clay Van Voorhis—HenryC. Smith—HenryC. Clippinger—H.Clay Crawford—H.Clay Bascom—H.Clay Michie—H.Clay Chisolm—H.Clay Howard—HenryC. Hall—HenryClay McDowell—HenryC. Truesdell—H.Clay Jones—H.Clay Heather—H.Clay Day—HenryClay Hines—HenryClay Meacham—HenryClay Calloway—H.Clay Suter—H.Clay Hall—H.Clay Warth—HenryClay Elwood—H.Clay Kennedy—H.Clay Davis—H.Clay Needham—H.Clay Pence—HenryClay Etherton—H.Clay Mace—H.Clay Armstrong—H.Clay Baldwin—H.Clay Haynes—H.Clay Burkholder—Mrs.H. Clay Kauffman—H.Clay Bentley—HenryC. Greenberg—H.Clay Gardenhire, Jr.—HenryClay Cox—H.Clay Myers, Jr.—H.Clay Johnson—HenryClay Dennison
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on some U.S. currency issued in the 19th and early 20thcenturies.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial
		Books about Henry Clay: Robert VincentRemini,HenryClay: Statesman for the Union — Maurice G. Baxter,HenryClay the Lawyer — Richard B. Cheney & Lynne V. Cheney,KingsOf The Hill : How Nine Powerful Men Changed The Course of AmericanHistory — Merrill D. Peterson,TheGreat Triumvirate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun — ScottFarris,AlmostPresident: The Men Who Lost the Race but Changed theNation — David S. Heidler & Jeanne T. Heidler,HenryClay: The Essential American — Fergus M. Bordewich,America'sGreat Debate: Henry Clay, Stephen A. Douglas, and the Compromise ThatPreserved the Union
		Image source: James Smith NoelCollection, Louisiana State University in Shreveport

Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) — also known asStephen Grover Cleveland;"UncleJumbo";"The Veto Mayor";"GroverThe Good";"The Sage of Princeton";"Dumb Prophet";"Buffalo Hangman";"The Veto President";"Beast ofBuffalo";"Big Steve" —of Buffalo,ErieCounty, N.Y.; Princeton,MercerCounty, N.J.; Tamworth,CarrollCounty, N.H.Born in Caldwell,EssexCounty, N.J.,March18, 1837.Democrat.Lawyer;ErieCounty Sheriff, 1870-73;mayorof Buffalo, N.Y., 1882; resigned 1882;Governor ofNew York, 1883-85;Presidentof the United States, 1885-89, 1893-97; defeated, 1888.Presbyterian.Member,SigmaChi.Elected to theHallof Fame for Great Americans in 1935.Died in Princeton,MercerCounty, N.J.,June 24,1908 (age71 years, 98days).Interment atPrincetonCemetery, Princeton, N.J.; statue atCity Hall Grounds, Buffalo, N.Y.

	Relatives: Sonof Rev. Richard Falley Cleveland and Anne (Neal) Cleveland; married,June2, 1886, toFrancesClara Folsom (first cousin once removed ofBenjaminFolsom); father ofRichardFolsom Cleveland (son-in-law ofThomasFrank Gailor; brother-in-law ofFrankHoyt Gailor); first cousin once removed ofFrancisLandon Cleveland; second cousin ofJamesHarlan Cleveland; second cousin once removed ofJamesHarlan Cleveland Jr.; second cousin twice removed ofJonathanUsher andJosephWheeler Bloodgood; third cousin once removed ofJohnPalmer Usher andRobertCleveland Usher; third cousin thrice removed ofEphraimSafford andIsaiahKidder; fourth cousin once removed ofSamuelLord andRollinUsher Tyler.
		Political family:Cleveland-Harlanfamily (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:HenryT. Ellett —WilsonS. Bissell —DavidKing Udall —EdwardS. Bragg —ThomasF. Grady —LymanK. Bass —GeorgeB. Cortelyou —J.Hampton Hoge —WilliamGorham Rice —J.Scott Harrison —BenjaminFolsom
		Cleveland counties inArk. andOkla. arenamed for him.
		MountCleveland, a volcano onChuginadakIsland, Alaska, isnamed forhim.  — ThetownofGrover,North Carolina, isnamed forhim.  — The ClevelandNationalForest (established 1908), inSanDiego,Riverside,Orangecounties, California, isnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:GroverC. Cook—GroverC. Meyrs—GroverC. Talbot—GroverC. Helm—GroverC. Robertson—G. C.Cooley—GroverA. Whalen—GroverC. Taylor—GroverC. Winn—GroverC. Luke—GroverC. Albright—GroverCleveland Welsh—GroverC. Belknap—GroverC. Worrell—GroverB. Hill—GroverC. Dillman—GroverC. Brenneman—GroverC. George—GroverC. Mitchell—GroverC. Ladner—GroverC. Hall—GroverC. Tye—GroverC. Cisel—GroverC. Hedrick—GroverC. Hunter—GroverC. Montgomery—GroverC. Farwell—GroverC. Gillingham—GroverC. Studivan—GroverC. Layne—GroverC. Hudson—GroverC. Combs—GroverC. Snyder—GroverC. Guernsey—GroverC. Henderson—GroverC. Smith—GroverC. Jackson—GroverC. Hunter—GroverC. Bower—GroverC. Land—GroverC. Moritz—GroverC. Gregg—GroverC. Richman, Jr.—GroverC. Anderson—GroverC. Chriss—GroverC. Allen—GroverC. Criswell—GroverC. Brown—GroverC. Robinson III—GroverC. Robinson IV
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $20 bill (1914-28), and on the $1,000 bill(1928-46).
		Campaign slogan (1884): "We love himfor the enemies he has made."
		Opposition slogan (1884): "Ma, Ma,Where's My Pa?"
		See alsoNationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Internet Movie Databaseprofile —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about Grover Cleveland: AlynBrodsky,GroverCleveland : A Study in Character — H. Paul Jeffers,AnHonest President: The Life and Presidencies of GroverCleveland — Mark Wahlgren Summers,Rum,Romanism, & Rebellion : The Making of a President,1884 — Henry F. Graff,GroverCleveland — Troy Senik,AMan of Iron: The Turbulent Life and Improbable Presidency of GroverCleveland — Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology] — Jeff C. Young,GroverCleveland (for young readers)
		Critical books about Grover Cleveland:Matthew Algeo,ThePresident Is a Sick Man: the Supposedly Virtuous Grover ClevelandSurvives a Secret Surgery at Sea and Vilifies the CourageousNewspaperman Who Dared Expose the Truth — CharlesLachman,ASecret Life : The Lies and Scandals of President GroverCleveland
		Image source: New York Red Book1896

De Witt Clinton (1769-1828) — also known as"Father of the ErieCanal" —of New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.Born in Napanoch,UlsterCounty, N.Y.,March 2,1769.Democrat.Lawyer;member ofNew Yorkstate assembly from New York County, 1797-98; member ofNew Yorkstate senate Southern District, 1798-1802, 1805-11;delegateto New York state constitutional convention, 1801; member ofNew Yorkcouncil of appointment, 1801;U.S.Senator from New York, 1802-03;mayorof New York City, N.Y., 1803-07, 1808-10, 1811-15;LieutenantGovernor of New York, 1811-13; candidate forPresidentof the United States, 1812;Governor ofNew York, 1817-23, 1825-28; died in office 1828.Member,Freemasons.Chief advocate for the ErieCanal,completed 1825.Slaveowner. Died, fromheartfailure, in Albany,AlbanyCounty, N.Y.,February11, 1828 (age58 years, 346days).Original interment atClintonCemetery, Little Britain, N.Y.; reinterment atGreen-WoodCemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.

	Relatives: SonofJamesClinton and Mary (De Witt) Clinton; half-brother ofJamesGraham Clinton; brother ofCharlesClinton,GeorgeClinton Jr., Mary Clinton (who marriedAmbroseSpencer (1765-1848)) and Katherine Clinton (who marriedAmbroseSpencer (1765-1848)); married,February13, 1796, to Maria Franklin; married,May 8,1819, to Catherine Livingston Jones; father ofGeorgeWilliam Clinton; nephew ofGeorgeClinton; first cousin ofJacobHasbrouck DeWitt; first cousin once removed ofCharlesDe Witt; first cousin five times removed ofAbrahamOwen Smoot III andIsaacAlbert Smoot; second cousin once removed ofCharlesD. Bruyn andCharlesGerrit De Witt; second cousin twice removed ofDavidMiller De Witt.
		Political families:Clintonfamily of New York;DeWitt-Bruyn-Clinton-Hasbrouckfamily of New York (subsets of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:PeterGansevoort
		Clinton counties inIll.,Ind.,Iowa,Ky.,Mich.,Mo. andPa., andDeWitt County,Ill., are named for him.
		Thetownshipand city ofDeWitt,Michigan, arenamed forhim.  — ThecityofDeWitt, Iowa, isnamed forhim.  — ThevillageofDeWitt,Illinois, isnamed forhim.  — ThecityofDeWitt, Missouri, isnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:DeWitt C. Stevens—DeWitt C. Willoughby—DeWittC. Walker—DeWittC. Hunter—DeWitt C. Littlejohn—De WittC. Gage—DeWittC. Clark—DewittC. Shankle—DeWitt C. Leach—DeWitt C. Stanford—DewittC. West—J.D. C. Atkins—DeWittC. Wilson—DeWitt C. Morris—D.C. Giddings—DeWittC. Hough—DeWittC. Jones—DeWitt C. Tower—D.C. Coolman—DeWittClinton Cregier—DeWittC. Hoyt—DeWittClinton Senter—DeWitt C. Rugg—DeWittC. Allen—DeWittC. Peck—DeWittC. Richman—DewittC. Alden—DeWittC. Cram—DeWitt C. Bolton—DeWittC. Huntington—DeWittC. Jones—DeWittC. Pond—De WittC. Carr—DeWittC. Pierce—DewittC. Dunham—DeWittC. Middleton—DeWitt C. Badger—DeWittC. Dominick—DeWittC. Becker—DewittC. Dow—DeWitt C. Titus—DeWitt C. Winchell—DewittC. Turner—DewittC. Ruscoe—DeWittC. Brown—DeWittC. French—DeWitt C. Flanagan—DeWittC. Cole—DeWittC. Talmage—DeWittC. Cunningham—DewittClinton Chase—DeWitt C. Poole, Jr.—DewittC. Chastain
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $1,000 note in 1898-1905.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —NationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about De Witt Clinton: EvanCornog,TheBirth of Empire : DeWitt Clinton and the American Experience,1769-1828
		Image source: New York PublicLibrary

Jefferson Finis Davis (1808-1889) — also known asJefferson Davis — of Warrenton,WarrenCounty, Miss.;WarrenCounty, Miss.Born in alogcabin, Fairview, Christian County (nowToddCounty), Ky.,June 3,1808.Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during the Black Hawk War; candidate forMississippistate house of representatives, 1843; Presidential Elector forMississippi,1844;U.S.Representative from Mississippi at-large, 1845-46; served in theU.S. Army during the Mexican War;U.S.Senator from Mississippi, 1847-51, 1857-61; candidate forGovernor ofMississippi, 1851;U.S.Secretary of War, 1853-57;Presidentof the Confederacy, 1861-65.CapturedbyUnionforces in May 1865 andimprisonedwithout trial for about two years.Slaveowner. Died ofbronchitisandmalariain New Orleans,OrleansParish, La.,December6, 1889 (age81 years, 186days).Original interment atMetairieCemetery, New Orleans, La.; reinterment in 1893 atHollywoodCemetery, Richmond, Va.; memorial monument atMemorial Avenue, Richmond, Va.

	Relatives: Sonof Samuel Emory Davis and Jane (Cook) Davis; married,June 17,1835, to Sarah Knox Taylor (daughter ofZacharyTaylor andMargaretTaylor); married,February25, 1845, to Varina Howell (granddaughter ofRichardHowell); uncle of Mary Bradford (who marriedRichardBrodhead); granduncle ofJosephDavis Brodhead and Frances Eileen Hutt (who marriedThomasEdmund Dewey).
		Political family:Taylor-Brodheadfamily of Easton, Pennsylvania (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:JesseD. Bright —JohnH. Reagan —HoraceGreeley —SolomonCohen —GeorgeW. Jones —SamuelA. Roberts —WilliamT. Sutherlin —VictorVifquain —CharlesO'Conor
		Jeff DavisCounty, Ga.,Jefferson DavisParish, La.,Jefferson DavisCounty, Miss. andJeff DavisCounty, Tex. are named for him.
		The World War IILibertyshipSS Jefferson Davis (built 1942 atMobile,Alabama; scrapped 1961) wasnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:J.Davis Brodhead—JeffersonD. Hostetter—JeffersonD. Blount—JeffersonDavis Carwile—JeffersonD. Helms—JeffersonDavis Wiggins—JeffersonDavis Parris
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on Confederate States 50 cent notes in 1861-64.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial
		Books by Jefferson Davis:TheRise and Fall of the Confederate Government(1881)
		Books about Jefferson Davis: William J.Cooper, Jr.,JeffersonDavis, American : A Biography — Varina Davis,JeffersonDavis : Ex-President of the Confederate States of America : A Memoirby His Wife — William C. Davis,AnHonorable Defeat: The Last Days of the ConfederateGovernment — James Ronald Kennedy & Walter DonaldKennedy,WasJefferson Davis Right? — Robert Penn Warren,JeffersonDavis Gets His Citizenship Back — Herman Hattaway &Richard E. Beringer,JeffersonDavis, Confederate President — Felicity Allen,JeffersonDavis: Unconquerable Heart — Clint Johnson,Pursuit:The Chase, Capture, Persecution, and Surprising Release ofConfederate President Jefferson Davis
		Image source: Frank Leslie'sIllustrated Newspaper, March 9, 1861

Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) — also known asDwight D. Eisenhower;"Ike" —Born in Denison,GraysonCounty, Tex.,October14, 1890.Republican. General in the U.S. Army during World War II;presidentof Columbia University, 1948-53;Presidentof the United States, 1953-61.Presbyterian.GermanandSwissancestry. Member,AmericanLegion;Council onForeign Relations;LoyalLegion.Died, after a series ofheartattacks, atWalterReed Army Hospital,Washington,D.C.,March28, 1969 (age78 years, 165days).Interment atEisenhowerCenter, Abilene, Kan.

	Relatives: Sonof Ida Elizabeth (Stover) Eisenhower and David Jacob Eisenhower;brother ofMiltonStover Eisenhower; married,July 1,1916, toMaryGeneva Doud; father ofJohnSheldon Doud Eisenhower; grandfather of Dwight David EisenhowerII (son-in-law ofRichardMilhous Nixon).
		Political family:Eisenhowerfamily (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:ShermanAdams —CarterL. Burgess —WoodrowWilson Mann —JacquelineC. Odlum —GeorgeE. Allen —MeyerKestnbaum —BernardM. Shanley —JudahNadich
		The EisenhowerExpressway,from downtown Chicago west to Hillside, inCookCounty, Illinois, isnamed forhim.  — The EisenhowerTunnel(opened 1973), which carries westbound I-70 under the ContinentalDivide, in the Rocky Mountains, fromClearCreek County toSummitCounty, Colorado, isnamed forhim.  — The Eisenhower Range ofmountains,inVictoriaLand, Antarctica, isnamed forhim.  —MountEisenhower (formerly Mount Pleasant), in the White Mountains,CoosCounty, New Hampshire, isnamed forhim.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $1 coin (1971-78).
		Campaign slogan: "I LikeIke."
		See alsoWikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Internet Movie Databaseprofile —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about Dwight D. Eisenhower:Stephen E. Ambrose,Eisenhower: Soldier and President — Fred I. Greenstein,TheHidden-Hand Presidency : Eisenhower as Leader — Carlod'Este,Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life — Robert F. Burk,DwightD. Eisenhower: Hero and Politician — Wiley T.Buchanan, Jr.,RedCarpet at the White House : Four years as Chief of Protocol in theEisenhower Administration — Jim Newton,Eisenhower:The White House Years — William Lee Miller,TwoAmericans: Truman, Eisenhower, and a Dangerous World —Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology]
		Image source: U.S. postage stamp(1969)

Edward Everett (1794-1865) — of Cambridge,MiddlesexCounty, Mass.; Charlestown, Middlesex County (now part of Boston,SuffolkCounty), Mass.Born in Dorchester, Norfolk County (now part of Boston,SuffolkCounty), Mass.,April11, 1794.Unitarianminister;collegeprofessor;U.S.Representative from Massachusetts 4th District, 1825-35;Governor ofMassachusetts, 1836-40; U.S. Minister toGreat Britain, 1841-45;president,Harvard College, 1846-49;U.S.Secretary of State, 1852-53;U.S.Senator from Massachusetts, 1853-54; Constitutional Unioncandidate forVicePresident of the United States, 1860; Republican PresidentialElector for Massachusetts,1864.Unitarian.Delivered a lengthy speech immediately precedingAbrahamLincoln's brief Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863.Died in Boston,SuffolkCounty, Mass.,January15, 1865 (age70 years, 279days).Interment atMt.Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass.

	Relatives: Sonof Rev. Oliver Everett and Lucy (Hill) Everett; brother ofAlexanderHill Everett; married,May 8,1822, to Charlotte Gray Brooks (sister-in-law ofCharlesFrancis Adams; niece ofBenjaminGorham; granddaughter ofNathanielGorham); father ofWilliamEverett; uncle ofCharlesHale.
		Political families:Adamsfamily of Boston, Massachusetts;Adamsfamily of Boston and Quincy, Massachusetts (subsets of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		ThecityofEverett,Massachusetts, isnamed forhim.  — TheboroughofEverett,Pennsylvania, isnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:EdwardE. Bostwick—EdwardEverett Abrams—EdwardE. Bruen—EdwardE. Robbins—EdwardE. Holland—EdwardE. Philbrook—E.Everitt Van Dyne—EdwardE. Chase—EdwardE. McCall—E. E.Dixon—EdwardE. Libby—EdwardE. Eslick—EdwardE. Denison—E.Everett Swan—EdwardEverett Brodie
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $50 silver certificates in the 1880s.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —NationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —U.S. State Dept career summary —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial
		Image source: Perley's Reminiscences ofSixty Years in the National Metropolis (1886)

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) — also known as"Silence Dogood";"AnthonyAfterwit";"Poor Richard";"AliceAddertongue";"Polly Baker";"HarryMeanwell";"Timothy Turnstone";"Martha Careful";"Benevolus";"Caelia Shortface" —of Pennsylvania. Born in Boston,SuffolkCounty, Mass.,January17, 1706.Delegateto Continental Congress from Pennsylvania, 1775;U.S.Postmaster General, 1775-76;signer,Declaration of Independence, 1776;delegateto Pennsylvania state constitutional convention, 1776; U.S.Minister toFrance, 1778-85;Sweden, 1782-83;Presidentof Pennsylvania, 1785-88;member,U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787.Deist. Member,Freemasons;AmericanPhilosophical Society;AmericanAcademy of Arts and Sciences.Famed for his experiments with electricity;inventedbifocal glasses and the harmonica. Elected to theHallof Fame for Great Americans in 1900.Died in Philadelphia,PhiladelphiaCounty, Pa.,April17, 1790 (age84 years, 90days).Interment atChristChurch Burial Ground, Philadelphia, Pa.; statue erected 1856 atOld City Hall Grounds, Boston, Mass.; statue atLaArcata Court, Santa Barbara, Calif.; memorial monument atConstitution Gardens, Washington, D.C.

	Relatives: Sonof Josiah Franklin and Abiah Lee (Folger) Franklin; married,September1, 1730, to Deborah Read; father of Sarah 'Sally' Franklin (whomarriedRichardBache); uncle ofFranklinDavenport; grandfather ofRichardBache Jr. and Deborah Franklin Bache (who marriedWilliamJohn Duane); great-grandfather of Alexander Dallas Bache, MaryBlechenden Bache (who marriedRobertJohn Walker) and Sophia Arabella Bache (who marriedWilliamWallace Irwin); second great-grandfather ofRobertWalker Irwin; fifth great-grandfather ofDanielBaugh Brewster andElisedu Pont; first cousin thrice removed ofWalterFolger Jr.; first cousin four times removed ofCharlesJames Folger,BenjaminDexter Sprague andWhartonBarker; first cousin five times removed ofAlonzoMendonhall Folger andAlfredRobert Newton Folger; first cousin six times removed ofThomasMott Osborne,JohnHamlin Folger,AlonzoDillard Folger andWorthBarnard Folger; first cousin seven times removed ofCharlesDevens Osborne,LithgowOsborne andFredFolger; second cousin five times removed ofGeorgeHammond Parshall.
		Political families:FourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:JonathanWilliams
		Franklin counties inAla.,Ark.,Fla.,Ga.,Ill.,Ind.,Iowa,Kan.,Ky.,La.,Maine,Mass.,Miss.,Mo.,Neb.,N.Y.,N.C.,Ohio,Pa.,Tenn.,Vt.,Va. andWash. arenamed for him.
		MountFranklin, in the White Mountains,CoosCounty, New Hampshire, isnamed forhim.  — Theminorplanet5102 Benfranklin (discovered 1986), isnamed forhim.  — The World War IILibertyshipSS Benjamin Franklin (built 1941 atTerminalIsland, California; scrapped 1958) wasnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:BenjaminF. Deming—BenjaminF. Butler—BenjaminF. H. Witherell—BenjaminF. Hallett—BenjaminF. Wade—BenjaminFranklin Wallace—BenjaminCromwell Franklin—BenjaminFranklin Perry—BenjaminFranklin Robinson—BenjaminF. Randolph—BenjaminFranklin Massey—BenjaminF. Rawls—BenjaminFranklin Leiter—BenjaminFranklin Thomas—BenjaminF. Hall—BenjaminF. Angel—BenjaminFranklin Ross—BenjaminF. Flanders—BenjaminF. Bomar—BenjaminFranklin Hellen—BenjaminF. Mudge—BenjaminFranklin Wallace—BenjaminF. Butler—BenjaminF. Loan—BenjaminF. Simpson—BenjaminFranklin Terry—BenjaminFranklin Junkin—BenjaminF. Partridge—B.F. Langworthy—BenjaminF. Harding—BenjaminMebane—B.F. Whittemore—BenjaminFranklin Bradley—BenjaminFranklin Claypool—BenjaminFranklin Arthur—BenjaminFranklin Saffold—BenjaminF. Coates—B.Franklin Martin—BenjaminF. Howey—BenjaminF. Martin—BenjaminFranklin Rice—BenjaminF. Randolph—BenjaminFranklin Jackson—BenjaminF. Hopkins—BenjaminF. Tracy—BenjaminFranklin Briggs—BenjaminF. Grady—BenjaminF. Farnham—BenjaminF. Meyers—BenjaminFranklin White—BenjaminFranklin Prescott—BenjaminF. Jonas—B.Franklin Fisher—BenjaminFranklin Potts—BenjaminF. Funk—B.F. Brimberry—BenjaminF. Marsh—FrankB. Arnold—BenjaminF. Heckert—BenjaminF. Bradley—BenjaminF. Howell—BenjaminFranklin Miller—BenjaminF. Mahan—BenFranklin Caldwell—BenjaminFranklin Tilley—BenjaminF. Hackney—B.F. McMillan—BenjaminF. Shively—BenjaminFranklin Keller—B.Frank Hires—B.Frank Mebane—BenF. Stuart—B.Frank Murphy—BenjaminF. Starr—BenjaminFranklin Jones, Jr.—BenjaminF. Welty—BenjaminF. Jones—BenjaminFranklin Boley—BenFranklin Looney—BenjaminF. Bledsoe—BenjaminFranklin Williams—B.Frank Kelley—BenjaminFranklin Butler—BenjaminF. James—FrankB. Heintzleman—BenjaminF. Feinberg—B.Franklin Bunn—B.Franklin Blotz—BenF. Cameron—BenF. Blackmon—B.Frank Whelchel—B.F. Merritt, Jr.—BenF. Hornsby—BenDillingham II—BenFranklin Biddle, Jr.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappears on the U.S. $100 bill, and formerly on the U.S. halfdollar coin (1948-63).
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —NationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —U.S. State Dept career summary —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —BillionGravesburial record
		Books by Benjamin Franklin:TheAutobiography of Benjamin Franklin —AnAccount of the Newly Invented Pennsylvanian Fire-Place(1744)
		Books about Benjamin Franklin: H. W.Brands,TheFirst American: The Life and Times of BenjaminFranklin — Edmund S. Morgan,BenjaminFranklin — Stacy Schiff,AGreat Improvisation : Franklin, France, and the Birth ofAmerica — Gordon S. Wood,TheAmericanization of Benjamin Franklin — WalterIsaacson,BenjaminFranklin : An American Life — Carl Van Doren,BenjaminFranklin — Philip Dray,StealingGod's Thunder : Benjamin Franklin's Lightning Rod and the Inventionof America — Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology]
		Image source: Library ofCongress

Albert Gallatin (1761-1849) — also known asAbraham Albert Alphonse de Gallatin — ofFayetteCounty, Pa.; New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.Born in Geneva,Switzerland,January29, 1761.Democrat.Delegateto Pennsylvania state constitutional convention, 1790; member ofPennsylvaniastate house of representatives, 1790-92;U.S.Senator from Pennsylvania, 1793-94;U.S.Representative from Pennsylvania 11th District, 1795-1801;U.S.Secretary of the Treasury, 1801-14; U.S. Minister toFrance, 1815-23;Great Britain, 1826-27.Swissancestry.Died in Astoria, Queens,QueensCounty, N.Y.,August12, 1849 (age88 years, 195days).Entombed atTrinityChurchyard, Manhattan, N.Y.; statue atTreasuryBuilding Grounds, Washington, D.C.

	Relatives: Sonof Jean Gallatin and Sophia Albertina Rolaz du Rosey Gallatin;married1789 to SophieAllègre; married,November11, 1793, to Hannah Nicholson; second great-grandfather ofMayPreston Davie; cousin by marriage ofJosephHopper Nicholson.
		Political family:Pendletonfamily of Maryland (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:JohnL. Dawson
		Gallatin counties inIll.,Ky. andMont. arenamed for him.
		ThecityofGallatin,Tennessee, isnamed forhim.  — ThevillageofGalatia,Illinois, isnamed forhim.  — The GallatinRiver,which flows throughGallatinCounty, Montana, isnamed forhim.  — Gallatin Hall (dormitory, built 1926), atHarvardUniversityBusiness School,Boston,Massachusetts, isnamed forhim.  — The World War IILibertyshipSS Albert Gallatin (built 1941 atTerminalIsland, Los Angeles, California; torpedoed and sunk 1944 in theArabianSea) wasnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:AlbertGalliton Harrison—AlbertG. Jewett—AlbertG. Hawes—AlbertG. Wakefield—AlbertG. Pendleton—AlbertGallatin Talbott—AlbertG. Dow—AlbertG. Dole—AlbertGallatin Kellogg—AlbertGallatin Marchand—AlbertG. Brown—AlbertG. Brodhead, Jr.—AlbertG. Allison—AlbertG. Riddle—AlbertGaliton Watkins—AlbertGallatin Rhea—AlbertG. Porter—AlbertGallatin Egbert—AlbertGallatin Jenkins—AlbertGallatin Calvert—AlbertG. Lawrence—AlbertG. Foster—AlbertG. Simms
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $500 note in 1862-63.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —U.S. State Dept career summary —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial
		Books about Albert Gallatin: JohnAustin Stevens,AlbertGallatin: An American Statesman — L. B. Kuppenheimer,AlbertGallatin's Vision of Democratic Stability — NicholasDungan,Gallatin:America's Swiss Founding Father — Raymond Walters,AlbertGallatin: Jeffersonian Financier and Diplomat
		Image source: New York PublicLibrary

James Abram Garfield (1831-1881) — also known asJames A. Garfield — of Hiram,PortageCounty, Ohio.Born in alogcabin Orange Township (now Moreland Hills),CuyahogaCounty, Ohio,November19, 1831.Republican.Lawyer;collegeprofessor;president,Eclectic University (now Hiram College); member ofOhiostate senate, 1859-61; general in the Union Army during the CivilWar;U.S.Representative from Ohio 19th District, 1863-81;Presidentof the United States, 1881; died in office 1881.Disciplesof Christ.Englishancestry. Member,Freemasons;DeltaUpsilon.Shotby theassassinCharles J. Guiteau, in the Baltimore & PotomacRailroadStation, Washington, D.C., July 2, 1881, and died from theeffects of the wound andinfection,in Elberon,MonmouthCounty, N.J.,September19, 1881 (age49 years, 304days).Entombed atLakeView Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio; statue erected 1887 atGarfieldCircle, Washington, D.C.; statue atGoldenGate Park, San Francisco, Calif.; statue atPiatt Park, Cincinnati, Ohio.

	Relatives: Sonof Abram Garfield and Elizabeth (Ballou) Garfield; married,November11, 1858, toLucretiaRudolph; father ofHarryAugustus Garfield andJamesRudolph Garfield; fourth cousin ofEliThayer; fourth cousin once removed ofJohnAlden Thayer.
		Political families:FourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:WilliamS. Maynard
		Garfield counties inColo.,Mont.,Neb.,Okla.,Utah andWash. arenamed for him.
		GarfieldMountain,in the Cascade Range,KingCounty, Washington, isnamed forhim.  — ThecityofGarfield,New Jersey, isnamed forhim.  — ThecityofGarfield,Kansas, isnamed forhim.  — ThecityofGarfield,Minnesota, isnamed forhim.  — ThecityofGarfield,Washington, isnamed forhim.
		Politician named for him:JamesG. Stewart
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $20 gold certificate in 1898-1905.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about James A. Garfield: AllanPeskin,Garfield:A Biography — Justus D. Doenecke,ThePresidencies of James A. Garfield and Chester A.Arthur — Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology]
		Image source: James G. Blaine, TwentyYears of Congress, vol. 2 (1886)

Ulysses Simpson Grant (1822-1885) — also known asUlysses S. Grant;Hiram Ulysses Grant;"Savior of the Union";"Lion ofVicksburg";"The Austerlitz of AmericanPolitics";"Unconditional Surrender Grant";"The Galena Tanner";"The SilentSoldier";"The Silent General" —of Galena,Jo DaviessCounty, Ill.Born in Point Pleasant,ClermontCounty, Ohio,April27, 1822.Republican. General in the Union Army during the Civil War;Presidentof the United States, 1869-77; candidate for Republicannomination for President,1880.Methodist.Scottishancestry. Member,LoyalLegion.Elected to theHallof Fame for Great Americans in 1900.Died ofthroatcancer, at Mt. McGregor,SaratogaCounty, N.Y.,July 23,1885 (age63 years, 87days).Interment atGeneralGrant Memorial, Manhattan, N.Y.

	Relatives: Sonof Jesse Root Grant and Hannah (Simpson) Grant; married,August22, 1848, toJuliaBoggs Dent (sister-in-law ofAlexanderSharp; sister ofGeorgeWrenshall Dent andLewisDent); father ofFrederickDent Grant andUlyssesSimpson Grant Jr.; grandfather of Nellie Grant (who marriedWilliamPigott Cronan); first cousin twice removed ofAugustusSeymour Porter (1769-1849) andPeterBuell Porter; second cousin once removed ofWilliamAugustus Bird,AugustusSeymour Porter (1798-1872),PeterBuell Porter Jr. andPeterAugustus Porter (1827-1864); second cousin four times removed ofBenjaminHuntington; third cousin ofPeterAugustus Porter (1853-1925); third cousin twice removed ofJabezHuntington,JohnDavenport,JoshuaCoit,JamesDavenport,HenryHuntington,GurdonHuntington,SamuelLathrop,AbelHuntington andWilliamRush Merriam; third cousin thrice removed ofSamuelHuntington andHenryScudder; fourth cousin once removed ofJedediahHuntington,EbenezerHuntington,TheodoreDavenport,BenjaminNicoll Huntington,JesseMonroe Hatch,FranklinDelano Roosevelt,FrancisWatkinson Cole andWarrenDelano Robbins.
		Political family:Grantfamily of San Francisco, California (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:HoracePorter —AyresPhillips Merrill —RobertMartin Douglas —ThomasL. Hamer —JamesArkell —JosephD. Webster
		Grant counties inArk.,Kan.,La.,Minn.,Neb.,N.M.,N.Dak.,Okla.,Ore.,S.Dak.,Wash. andW.Va. arenamed for him.
		Other politicians named for him:UlyssesG. Owings—UlyssesG. Argetsinger—UlyssesG. Scalley—U. S.G. Cherry—UlyssesG. Palmer—UlyssesS. G. Bieber—UlyssesG. Denman—UlyssesG. Crandell—UlyssesS. G. Blakely—S. U.G. Rhodes—UlyssesG. Borden—U.Grant Mengel—UlyssesG. Foster—U.S. Balentine—UlyssesG. Byers—U.Grant Burch, Jr.—U.S. Grant Leverett
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappears on the U.S. $50 bill, and also appeared on $1 and $5silver certificates in 1887-1927.
		Personal motto: "When in doubt,fight."
		See alsoWikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about Ulysses S. Grant: JeanEdward Smith,Grant —Frank J. Scaturro,PresidentGrant Reconsidered — William S. McFeely,Grant —Brooks D. Simpson,UlyssesS. Grant: Triumph Over Adversity, 1822-1865 — BrooksD. Simpson,LetUs Have Peace: Ulysses S. Grant and the Politics of War andReconstruction, 1861-1868 — James S. Brisbin,Thecampaign lives of Ulysses S. Grant and SchuylerColfax — Josiah Bunting III,UlyssesS. Grant — Michael Korda,UlyssesS. Grant : The Unlikely Hero — Edward H. Bonekemper,AVictor, Not a Butcher: Ulysses S. Grant's Overlooked MilitaryGenius — Harry J. Maihafer,TheGeneral and the Journalists: Ulysses S. Grant, Horace Greeley, andCharles Dana — H. W. Brands,TheMan Who Saved the Union: Ulysses Grant in War andPeace — Charles Bracelen Flood,Grant'sFinal Victory: Ulysses S. Grant's Heroic Last Year —Joan Waugh,U.S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth — Mike Resnick,ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology]
		Critical books about Ulysses S. Grant:Nathan Miller,Star-SpangledMen : America's Ten Worst Presidents
		Fiction about Ulysses S. Grant: NewtGingrich & William R. Forstchen,GrantComes East — Newt Gingrich & William R. Forstchen,NeverCall Retreat : Lee and Grant: The Final Victory
		Image source: Portrait & BiographicalAlbum of Washtenaw County (1891)

Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804) — also known as"Alexander theCoppersmith" —of New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.Born in Charles Town,Nevis,January11, 1757.Served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War;lawyer;Delegateto Continental Congress from New York, 1782-83; member ofNew Yorkstate assembly from New York County, 1786-87;member,U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787;delegateto New York convention to ratify U.S. constitution from New YorkCounty, 1788;U.S.Secretary of the Treasury, 1789-95.Episcopalian.ScottishandFrenchancestry. Member,Freemasons;Societyof the Cincinnati.Elected to theHallof Fame for Great Americans in 1915.Shotandmortallywounded in aduel withAaronBurr, on July 11, 1804, and died the next day in New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.,July 12,1804 (age47 years, 183days).Interment atTrinityChurchyard, Manhattan, N.Y.; statue atTreasuryBuilding Grounds, Washington, D.C.; statue atCommonwealth Avenue Mall, Boston, Mass.

	Relatives: Sonof James Hamilton and Rachel (Faucette) Hamilton; married,December14, 1780, to Elizabeth Schuyler (daughter ofPhilipJohn Schuyler; sister ofPhilipJeremiah Schuyler); father ofAlexanderHamilton Jr.,JamesAlexander Hamilton andWilliamStephen Hamilton; great-grandfather ofRobertRay Hamilton; second great-grandfather ofLaurensM. Hamilton; ancestor *** ofRobertHamilton Woodruff.
		Political family:Livingston-Schuylerfamily of New York (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:NathanielPendleton —RobertTroup —JohnTayler —WilliamP. Van Ness
		Hamilton counties inFla.,Ill.,Ind.,Kan.,Neb.,N.Y.,Ohio andTenn. arenamed for him.
		ThecityofHamilton,Ohio, isnamed forhim.  — Hamilton Hall (dormitory, built 1926), atHarvardUniversityBusiness School,Boston,Massachusetts, isnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:AlexanderH. Buell—AlexanderH. Holley—HamiltonFish—AlexanderH. Stephens—AlexanderH. Bullock—AlexanderH. Bailey—AlexanderH. Rice—AlexanderH. Wallis—AlexanderHamilton Jones—AlexanderH. Waterman—AlexanderH. Coffroth—AlexanderH. Dudley—AlexanderH. Revell—AlexanderHamilton Hargis—AlexanderHamilton Phillips—AlexWoodle
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappears on the U.S. $10 bill; from the 1860s to the 1920s, hisportrait also appeared on U.S. notes and certificates of variousdenominations from $2 to $1,000.
		Personal motto: "Do it betteryet."
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —HistoricalSociety of the New York Courts
		Books about Alexander Hamilton: RichardBrookhiser,AlexanderHamilton, American — Forrest McDonald,AlexanderHamilton: A Biography — Gertrude Atherton,Conqueror: Dramatized Biography of Alexander Hamilton — RonChernow,AlexanderHamilton — Thomas Fleming,Duel:Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, and the Future ofAmerica — Arnold A. Rogow,AFatal Friendship: Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr —Willard Sterne Randall,AlexanderHamilton: A Life — John Harper,AmericanMachiavelli : Alexander Hamilton and the Origins of U.S. ForeignPolicy — Stephen F. Knott,AlexanderHamilton and the Persistence of Myth — Charles Cerami,YoungPatriots: The Remarkable Story of Two Men. Their Impossible Plan andThe Revolution That Created The Constitution — DonaldBarr Chidsey,Mr.Hamilton and Mr. Jefferson
		Critical books about AlexanderHamilton: Thomas DiLorenzo,Hamilton'sCurse : How Jefferson's Arch Enemy Betrayed the American Revolution-- and What It means for Americans Today
		Image source: U.S. postage stamp(1957)

Winfield Scott Hancock (1824-1886) — also known asWinfield S. Hancock — ofSt.Louis, Mo.; Los Angeles,LosAngeles County, Calif.; New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.Born inMontgomeryCounty, Pa.,February14, 1824.Democrat. General in the Union Army during the Civil War; candidatefor Democratic nomination for President,1868,1876;candidate forPresidentof the United States, 1880.Member,Freemasons;LoyalLegion.Died in Governor's Island,New YorkCounty, N.Y.,February9, 1886 (age61 years, 360days).Interment atMontgomeryCemetery, Norristown, Pa.; statue erected 1896 atHancockCircle, Washington, D.C.

	Presumably namedfor:WinfieldScott
		Relatives: Son of Benjamin FranklinHancock and Elizabeth (Hoxworth) Hancock; married,February1, 1850, to Almira Dubois Russell; uncle of Laura ElizabethHancock (who marriedWilliamRush Merriam).
		Political family:Merriam-Hancockfamily of Wadham's Mills, New York (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		MountHancock, in Yellowstone National Park,TetonCounty, Wyoming, isnamed forhim.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $2 silver certificate in the 1880s and early1890s.
		See alsoWikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier
		Books about Winfield Scott Hancock:David M. Jordan,WinfieldScott Hancock : A Soldier's Life — Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology]
		Image source: Cornell UniversityLibrary

Thomas Andrews Hendricks (1819-1885) — also known asThomas A. Hendricks — of Shelbyville,ShelbyCounty, Ind.; Indianapolis,MarionCounty, Ind.Born near Zanesville,MuskingumCounty, Ohio,September7, 1819.Democrat.Lawyer;member ofIndianastate house of representatives, 1848-49;delegateto Indiana state constitutional convention, 1850-51;U.S.Representative from Indiana, 1851-55 (5th District 1851-53, 6thDistrict 1853-55); defeated, 1854; Commissioner of the General LandOffice, 1855-59;U.S.Senator from Indiana, 1863-69; candidate for Democraticnomination for President,1868,1876,1884;Governorof Indiana, 1873-77; defeated, 1860, 1868;VicePresident of the United States, 1885; defeated, 1876; died inoffice 1885; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Indiana,1884.Presbyterian;laterEpiscopalian.ScottishandDutchancestry. Member,OddFellows.Died, apparently from aheartattack, in Indianapolis,MarionCounty, Ind.,November25, 1885 (age66 years, 79days).Interment atCrownHill Cemetery, Indianapolis, Ind.

	Relatives: SonofJohnHendricks and Jane Ann (Thomson) Hendricks; married,September26, 1845, toElizaCarol Morgan; nephew ofThomasHendricks andWilliamHendricks; first cousin ofAbrahamHendricks,WilliamHendricks Jr.,AbramWashington Hendricks andWilliamChalmers Hendricks; first cousin once removed ofScottSpringer Hendricks.
		Political family:Hendricksfamily (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $10 silver certificate in 1887-1914.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —NationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial
		Image source: Life and Work of James G.Blaine (1893)

 Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter (1809-1887) — also known asRobert M. T. Hunter — of Lloyds,EssexCounty, Va.Born near Loretto,EssexCounty, Va.,April21, 1809.Democrat.Lawyer;member ofVirginiastate house of delegates, 1834-35; member ofVirginiastate senate, 1835-37;U.S.Representative from Virginia, 1837-43, 1845-47 (8th District1837-39, 12th District 1839-41, 9th District 1841-43, 8th District1845-47);Speaker ofthe U.S. House, 1839-41;U.S.Senator from Virginia, 1847-61; candidate for Democraticnomination for President,1860;Delegatefrom Virginia to the Confederate Provisional Congress, 1861-62;ConfederateSecretary of State, 1861-62;Senatorfrom Virginia in the Confederate Congress, 1862-65;delegateto Virginia state constitutional convention, 1867-68;Virginiastate treasurer, 1874-80.When the Civil War began, he left Washington but did not resign hisseat in the Senate; he was one of tenSouthernsenatorsexpelledin absentia on July 11, 1861.Arrestedin 1865 andimprisonedwithout trial byfederalforces in Fort Pulaski, Tennessee, until 1866.Slaveowner. Died in Lloyds,EssexCounty, Va.,July 18,1887 (age78 years, 88days).Intermentaprivate or family graveyard, Essex County, Va.

	Relatives: UncleofMuscoeRussell Hunter Garnett.
		Political family:Garnettfamily of Virginia.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on Confederate States $10 notes in 1861-64.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article

Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) — also known as"Old Hickory";"The Farmer ofTennessee";"King Andrew theFirst" —of Nashville,DavidsonCounty, Tenn.Born, in alogcabin, in The Waxhaws,LancasterCounty, S.C.,March15, 1767.Democrat.Lawyer;U.S.Attorney for Tennessee, 1790-97;U.S.Representative from Tennessee at-large, 1796-97;U.S.Senator from Tennessee, 1797-98, 1823-25;justice ofTennessee state supreme court, 1798; general in the U.S. Armyduring the War of 1812;Governorof Florida Territory, 1821;Presidentof the United States, 1829-37;censuredby the U.S. Senate in 1834 over his removal of federal deposits fromthe Bank of the United States; on January 30, 1835, while attendingfuneral services at the Capitol Building for Rep.WarrenR. Davis of South Carolina, he wasshotat with two guns -- which both misfired -- by Richard Lawrence, ahouse painter (later found not guilty by reason of insanity).Presbyterian.Scotch-Irishancestry. Member,Freemasons.Killed Charles Dickinson in a pistolduel,May 30, 1806; alsodueledwithThomasHart Benton andWaightstillAvery. Elected in 1910 to theHallof Fame for Great Americans.Slaveowner. Died, of dropsy (congestiveheart failure), in Nashville,DavidsonCounty, Tenn.,June 8,1845 (age78 years, 85days).Interment atTheHermitage, Nashville, Tenn.; statue erected 1853 atLafayettePark, Washington, D.C.; statue erected 1856 atJacksonSquare, New Orleans, La.

	Relatives: Sonof Andrew Jackson (1730-1767) and Elizabeth (Hutchinson) Jackson;married,January17, 1794, to Rachel (Donelson) Robards (aunt ofAndrewJackson Donelson).
		Political families:Cafferyfamily of Franklin, Louisiana;Livingston-Schuylerfamily of New York (subsets of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:FrancisP. Blair
		Jackson counties inAla.,Ark.,Colo.,Fla.,Ill.,Ind.,Iowa,Kan.,Ky.,La.,Mich.,Miss.,Mo.,N.C.,Ohio,Okla.,Ore.,Tenn.,Tex.,W.Va. andWis., andHickory County,Mo., are named for him.
		Other politicians named for him:AndrewJ. Donelson—AndrewJackson Miller—AndrewJ. Faulk—AndrewJackson Titus—AndrewJackson Isacks—AndrewJackson Hamilton—AndrewJ. Harlan—AndrewJ. Kuykendall—AndrewJ. Thayer—ElamA. J. Greeley—AndrewJackson Ingle—AndrewJ. Ogle—AndrewJackson Carr—AndrewJ. Waterman—AndrewJ. Bentley—AndrewJ. Rogers—WilliamA. J. Sparks—AndrewJackson Poppleton—AndrewJ. Hunter—AndrewJackson Bryant—AndrewJ. Beale—A.J. Clements—AndrewJackson Baker—AndrewJ. Felt—A. J.King—AndrewJ. Sawyer—AndrewJackson Greenfield—AndrewJackson Caldwell—AndrewJackson Gahagan—AndrewJackson Biship—AndrewJackson Houston—AndrewJackson Speer—AndrewJ. Cobb—AndrewJ. Montague—AndrewJ. Barchfeld—AndrewJ. Balliet—AndrewJ. Kirk—AndrewJ. Howell, Jr.—AndrewJ. Livingston—A.J. Sherwood—AndrewJackson Stewart—AndrewJ. May—AndrewJ. McConnico—AndrewJ. Sawyer—AndrewJ. Brewer—AndrewJ. Dunning, Jr.—AndrewBettwy—AndrewJ. Transue—AndrewJackson Graves—AndrewJackson Gilbert—AndrewJ. Goodwin—AndrewJ. Hinshaw—AndyYoung—AndrewJackson Kupper
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappears on the U.S. $20 bill; from the 1860s until 1927, hisportrait appeared on on U.S. notes and certificates of variousdenominations from $5 to $10,000. In 1861, hisportraitappeared on Confederate States $1,000 notes.
		Campaign slogan: "Let the peoplerule."
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —U.S.State Dept career summary —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail —TennesseeEncyclopedia
		Books about Andrew Jackson: RobertVincent Remini,TheLife of Andrew Jackson — Robert Vincent Remini,AndrewJackson : The Course of American Freedom, 1822-1832 —Robert Vincent Remini,AndrewJackson : The Course of American Democracy,1833-1845 — Robert Vincent Remini,AndrewJackson : The Course of American Empire, 1767-1821 —Andrew Burstein,ThePassions of Andrew Jackson — David S. Heidler & JeanneT. Heidler,OldHickory's War: Andrew Jackson and the Quest forEmpire — Donald B. Cole,ThePresidency of Andrew Jackson — H. W. Brands,AndrewJackson : His Life and Times — Jon Meacham,AmericanLion: Andrew Jackson in the White House — Donald BarrChidsey,AndrewJackson, Hero — Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology]
		Image source: Portrait & BiographicalAlbum of Washtenaw County (1891)

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) — also known as"Apostle of Liberty";"Sage ofMonticello";"Friend of the People";"Father of the University of Virginia" —ofAlbemarleCounty, Va.Born inAlbemarleCounty, Va.,April13, 1743.Lawyer;Delegateto Continental Congress from Virginia, 1775-76, 1783-84;signer,Declaration of Independence, 1776;Governor ofVirginia, 1779-81; member of Virginia state legislature, 1782;U.S. Minister toFrance, 1785-89;U.S.Secretary of State, 1790-93;VicePresident of the United States, 1797-1801;Presidentof the United States, 1801-09; defeated (Democratic-Republican),1796.Deist.Englishancestry. Member,AmericanPhilosophical Society;AmericanAcademy of Arts and Sciences.He was elected to theHallof Fame for Great Americans in 1900.Slaveowner. Died near Charlottesville,AlbemarleCounty, Va.,July 4,1826 (age83 years, 82days).Interment atMonticelloGraveyard, Near Charlottesville, Albemarle County, Va.; cenotaphatUniversityof Missouri Quadrangle, Columbia, Mo.; memorial monument atWestPotomac Park, Washington, D.C.; memorial monument atConstitution Gardens, Washington, D.C.

	Relatives: Sonof Peter Jefferson and Jane (Randolph) Jefferson; married,January1, 1772, to Martha Wayles Skelton; father ofMarthaJefferson (who marriedThomasMann Randolph Jr.) and Maria Jefferson (who marriedJohnWayles Eppes); uncle ofDabneyCarr; grandfather ofThomasJefferson Randolph,FrancisWayles Eppes, Virginia Jefferson Randolph (who marriedNicholasPhilip Trist),BenjaminFranklin Randolph,MeriwetherLewis Randolph andGeorgeWythe Randolph; grandnephew ofRichardRandolph; granduncle ofDabneySmith Carr; great-grandfather ofThomasJefferson Coolidge andFrederickMadison Roberts; second great-grandfather ofJohnGardner Coolidge; second great-granduncle ofEdithWilson; first cousin once removed ofRichardBland andPeytonRandolph (1721-1775); first cousin twice removed ofJohnJordan Crittenden,ThomasTurpin Crittenden,RobertCrittenden,CarterHenry Harrison andJohnBreckinridge Castleman; first cousin thrice removed ofAlexanderParker Crittenden,ThomasLeonidas Crittenden,ThomasTheodore Crittenden,ArchelausMarius Woodson andCarterHenry Harrison II; first cousin four times removed ofThomasTheodore Crittenden Jr.; second cousin ofTheodorickBland,EdmundJenings Randolph,BeverleyRandolph andJohnRandolph of Roanoke; second cousin once removed ofJohnMarshall,HenryLee,CharlesLee,RichardBland Lee,JamesMarkham Marshall,AlexanderKeith Marshall,EdmundJennings Lee,PeytonRandolph (1779-1828),HenrySt. George Tucker andWilliamSegar Archer; second cousin twice removed ofThomasMarshall,JamesKeith Marshall,NathanielBeverly Tucker andEdmundRandolph; second cousin thrice removed ofFitzhughLee,WilliamHenry Fitzhugh Lee,EdmundRandolph Cocke andJohnAugustine Marshall; second cousin four times removed ofWilliamMarshall Bullitt,AlexanderScott Bullitt andFrancisBeverley Biddle; second cousin five times removed ofWilliamWelby Beverley; third cousin thrice removed ofWilliamHenry Robertson.
		Political family:Livingston-Schuylerfamily of New York (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:JeffersonM. Levy —JoshuaFry
		Jefferson counties inAla.,Ark.,Colo.,Fla.,Ga.,Idaho,Ill.,Ind.,Iowa,Kan.,Ky.,La.,Miss.,Mo.,Mont.,Neb.,N.Y.,Ohio,Okla.,Ore.,Pa.,Tenn.,Tex.,Wash.,W.Va. andWis. arenamed for him.
		MountJefferson (third highest peak in the Northeast), inCoosCounty, New Hampshire, isnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:ThomasJefferson Kennard—ThomasJ. Randolph—ThomasJefferson Campbell—ThomasJ. Gazley—ThomasJ. Drake—ThomasJefferson Heard—ThomasJefferson Green—ThomasJ. Rusk—ThomasJefferson Withers—ThomasJ. Parsons—ThomasJ. Word—ThomasJ. Henley—ThomasJ. Dryer—ThomasJ. Foster—ThomasJ. Barr—ThomasJefferson Jennings—ThomasJ. Stewart—ThomasJ. Henderson—ThomasJ. Van Alstyne—ThomasJefferson Cason—T.J. Coghlan—ThomasJefferson Buford—T.Jefferson Coolidge—ThomasJ. Megibben—ThomasJ. Bunn—ThomasJ. Hardin—ThomasJ. McLain, Jr.—ThomasJ. Brown—ThomasJefferson Speer—ThomasJefferson Counts—ThomasJ. Boynton—ThomasJ. Hudson—ThomasJ. Brady—ThomasJ. Selby—ThomasJefferson Deavitt—ThomasJefferson Majors—ThomasJefferson Wood—T.J. Jarratt—ThomasJefferson Nunn—ThomasJ. Douglas—ThomasJ. Strait—ThomasJ. Humes—T.J. Appleyard—ThomasJ. Clunie—ThomasJ. Steele—ThomasJ. Boynton—ThomasJ. O'Donnell—ThomasJ. Shaw—ThomasJ. Halsey—ThomasJ. Graham—T.J. Martin—ThomasJefferson Lilly—ThomasJ. Randolph—TomJ. Terral—T.Jeff Busby—ThomasJefferson Murphy—ThomasJ. Hamilton—TomMangan—ThomasJ. Ryan—TomJ. Murray—ThomasJ. Tydings—ThomasJ. Tubb—TomSteed—ThomasJefferson Edmonds, Jr.—ThomasJ. Anderson—ThomasJefferson Roberts—ThomasJ. Barlow III
		Coins and currency: Hisportrait hasappeared on the U.S. nickel (five cent coin) since 1938, and onthe $2 bill since the 1860s.
		Personal motto: "Rebellion to tyrantsis obedience to God."
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —NationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —U.S. State Dept career summary —NNDBdossier —Internet Movie Databaseprofile —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about Thomas Jefferson: Joseph J.Ellis,AmericanSphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson — WillardSterne Randall,ThomasJefferson : A Life — R. B. Bernstein,ThomasJefferson — Joyce Appleby,ThomasJefferson — Gore Vidal,InventingA Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson — John Ferling,Adamsvs. Jefferson: The Tumultuous Election of 1800 — SusanDunn,Jefferson'sSecond Revolution : The Election Crisis of 1800 —Andrew Burstein,Jefferson'sSecret: Death and Desire at Monticello — ChristopherHitchens,ThomasJefferson : Author of America — David Barton,TheJefferson Lies: Exposing the myths you've always believed aboutThomas Jefferson — David Barton,TheJefferson Lies: Exposing the Myths You've Always Believed AboutThomas Jefferson — Donald Barr Chidsey,Mr.Hamilton and Mr. Jefferson — Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology]
		Critical books about Thomas Jefferson:Joseph Wheelan,Jefferson'sVendetta : The Pursuit of Aaron Burr and theJudiciary
		Image source: Portrait & BiographicalAlbum of Washtenaw County (1891)

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963) — also known asJohn F. Kennedy;"J.F.K.";"Lancer" —of Boston,SuffolkCounty, Mass.Born in Brookline,NorfolkCounty, Mass.,May 29,1917.Democrat. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War II;U.S.Representative from Massachusetts 11th District, 1947-53;U.S.Senator from Massachusetts, 1953-60; delegate to DemocraticNational Convention from Massachusetts,1956;candidate for Democratic nomination for Vice President,1956;received a 1957PulitzerPrize for his bookProfiles in Courage;Presidentof the United States, 1961-63; died in office 1963.Catholic.Irishancestry. Member,Knightsof Columbus;AmericanLegion;Elks.Kennedy was posthumously awarded thePresidentialMedal of Freedom in 1963.Shotby asniper,Lee Harvey Oswald, whileriding in amotorcade, and died in ParklandHospital,Dallas,DallasCounty, Tex.,November22, 1963 (age46 years, 177days). Oswald was shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby.Interment atArlingtonNational Cemetery, Arlington, Va.; memorial monument atJohnF. Kennedy Memorial Plaza, Dallas, Tex.

	Relatives: SonofJosephPatrick Kennedy, Sr. and Rose (Fitzgerald) Kennedy;step-brother-in-law of Nina Gore Auchincloss (who marriedNewtonIvan Steers Jr.); brother ofJosephPatrick Kennedy Jr., Eunice Mary Kennedy (who marriedRobertSargent Shriver Jr.),PatriciaKennedy Lawford (who marriedPeterLawford),RobertFrancis Kennedy,JeanKennedy Smith andEdwardMoore Kennedy (who marriedVirginiaJoan Bennett); married,September12, 1953, toJaquelineLee Bouvier (step-daughter ofHughDudley Auchincloss; step-sister ofEugeneLuther Gore Vidal Jr. andHughDudley Auchincloss III); father ofJohnFitzgerald Kennedy Jr.; uncle of Maria Owings Shriver (whomarriedArnoldAlois Schwarzenegger),KathleenKennedy Townsend,JosephPatrick Kennedy II,RobertFrancis Kennedy Jr.,MarkKennedy Shriver andPatrickJoseph Kennedy (born 1967); grandson ofPatrickJoseph Kennedy (1858-1929) andJohnFrancis Fitzgerald.
		Political family:Kennedyfamily of Boston, Massachusetts (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:JohnB. Connally —HenryB. Gonzalez —HenryM. Wade —WalterRogers —GerryE. Studds —JamesB. McCahey, Jr. —MarkDalton —WaggonerCarr —TheodoreC. Sorensen —PierreSalinger —JohnBartlow Martin —AbrahamDavenport —NellieConnally
		The John F. Kennedy MemorialBridge(opened 1963), which carries southbound I-65 over the Ohio River fromJeffersonville,Indiana, toLouisville,Kentucky, isnamed forhim.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappears on the U.S. half dollar coin.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —NNDBdossier —Internet Movie Databaseprofile —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books by John F. Kennedy:Profilesin Courage (1956)
		Books about John F. Kennedy:Christopher Loviny & Vincent Touze,JFK: Remembering Jack — Robert Dallek,AnUnfinished Life : John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963 — MichaelO'Brien,JohnF. Kennedy : A Biography — Sean J. Savage,JFK,LBJ, and the Democratic Party — Thurston Clarke,AskNot : The Inauguration of John F. Kennedy and the Speech That ChangedAmerica — Thomas Reeves,AQuestion of Character : A Life of John F. Kennedy —Chris Matthews,JackKennedy: Elusive Hero — Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology] — Shelley Sommer,JohnF. Kennedy : His Life and Legacy (for youngreaders)
		Critical books about John F. Kennedy:Seymour Hersh,TheDark Side of Camelot — Lance Morrow,TheBest Year of Their Lives: Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon in 1948:Learning the Secrets of Power — Victor Lasky,JFK:the Man and the Myth
		Image source: Warren Commission report(via Wikipedia)

 John Jay Knox Jr. (1828-1892) — Born in Knoxboro,OneidaCounty, N.Y.,March19, 1828.Banker;U.S. Comptroller of the Currency, 1872-84.Died in New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.,February9, 1892 (age63 years, 327days).Interment atOakHill Cemetery, Washington, D.C.

	Presumably namedfor:JohnJay
		Relatives: Son of John J. Knox andSarah Ann (Curtis) Knox; married to Caroline ElizabethTodd.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $100 National Bank Notes in 1902.
		See alsoWikipediaarticle —Find-A-Gravememorial —Comptrollersof the Currency

 Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) — of Missouri. Born near Ivy,AlbemarleCounty, Va.,August18, 1774.Governorof Louisiana (Missouri) Territory, 1807-09; died in office 1809.EnglishandWelshancestry. Member,Freemasons.Commanded expedition withWilliamClark to Oregon, 1803-04.Died fromgunshotwounds undermysteriouscircumstances (murder orsuicide?)at Grinder's Stand, aninn onthe Natchez Trace near Hohenwald,LewisCounty, Tenn.,October11, 1809 (age35 years, 54days).Interment atMeriwetherLewis Park, Near Hohenwald, Lewis County, Tenn.

	Relatives: Sonof William Lewis and Lucy (Meriwether) Lewis; first cousin onceremoved ofHowellLewis,JohnWalker,DavidMeriwether (1755-1822),JamesMeriwether (1755-1817),FrancisWalker andGeorgeRockingham Gilmer; first cousin five times removed ofArthurSidney Demarest; second cousin ofJamesMeriwether (1788-1852),DavidMeriwether (1800-1893) andJamesArchibald Meriwether; second cousin once removed ofGeorgeWashington,HowellCobb (1772-1818),ThomasWalker Gilmer,DavidShelby Walker andReubenHandy Meriwether; second cousin twice removed ofHowellCobb (1815-1868),ThomasReade Rootes Cobb,JamesDavid Walker,DavidShelby Walker Jr. andGeorgeWashington Thornton Beck; second cousin thrice removed ofHubbardT. Smith andAndrewJackson Cobb; second cousin four times removed ofArcherWoodford; second cousin five times removed ofHowellCobb Jr.; third cousin ofTheodorickBland,RobertBrooke,BushrodWashington,GeorgeMadison andRichardAylett Buckner; third cousin once removed ofJohnRandolph of Roanoke,HenrySt. George Tucker,JohnThornton Augustine Washington,ZacharyTaylor,FrancisTaliaferro Helm andAyletteBuckner; third cousin twice removed ofJohnStrother Pendleton,AlbertGallatin Pendleton,AylettHawes Buckner,CharlesJohn Helm,ThomasLeonidas Crittenden,RobertThomas Brooke,NathanielBeverly Tucker andHubbardDozier Helm; third cousin thrice removed ofJamesFrancis Buckner Jr.,KeyPittman,ClaudePollard andVailMontgomery Pittman; fourth cousin once removed ofHenryRootes Jackson.
		Political families:Meriwetherfamily of Georgia;Cobb-Lumpkinfamily of Athens, Georgia (subsets of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:GeorgeF. Shannon
		Lewis counties inIdaho,Ky.,Mo.,Tenn. andWash. arenamed for him;Lewis and ClarkCounty, Mont. is named partly for him.
		Other politicians named for him:MeriwetherLewis Randolph—MeriwetherLewis Walker
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared (along with Clark's) on the $10 U.S. Note from 1898 to1927.
		See alsoWikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier
		Books about Meriwether Lewis: Thomas C.Danisi,Uncoveringthe Truth About Meriwether Lewis — Donald BarrChidsey,Lewisand Clark: The Great Adventure

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) — also known as"Honest Abe";"OldAbe";"The Rail-Splitter";"TheIllinois Baboon";"The GreatEmancipator" —of New Salem,MenardCounty, Ill.; Springfield,SangamonCounty, Ill.Born in alogcabin, Hardin County (part now inLarueCounty), Ky.,February12, 1809.Republican. Served in the U.S. Army during the Black Hawk War;postmaster;lawyer;member ofIllinoisstate house of representatives, 1834-41;U.S.Representative from Illinois 7th District, 1847-49; candidate forRepublican nomination for Vice President,1856;candidate forU.S.Senator from Illinois, 1858;Presidentof the United States, 1861-65; died in office 1865; His electionas president in 1860 precipitated the Civil War; determined topreserve the Union, he led the North to victory on the battlefield,freed the slaves in the conquered states, and in doing this,redefined American nationhood.Englishancestry.Elected in 1900 to theHallof Fame for Great Americans.Shotby theassassinJohn Wilkes Booth, during aplay atFord'sTheater,inWashington,D.C., April 14, 1865; died at Peterson'sBoardingHouse, across the street, the following day,April15, 1865 (age56 years, 62days).Interment atOakRidge Cemetery, Springfield, Ill.; memorial monument atNationalMall, Washington, D.C.; statue erected 1868 atJudiciaryPark, Washington, D.C.

	Relatives: Sonof Thomas Lincoln and Nancy (Hanks) Lincoln; married,November4, 1842, toMaryAnn Todd (sister-in-law ofNinianWirt Edwards; half-sister-in-law ofNathanielHenry Rhodes Dawson andBenjaminHardin Helm; half-sister ofEmiliePariet Todd; aunt ofMarthaDee Todd; grandniece ofDavidRittenhouse Porter); father ofRobertTodd Lincoln; first cousin twice removed ofArtieClyde Sullinger; second cousin four times removed ofRichardHenry Lee,FrancisLightfoot Lee andArthurLee; third cousin twice removed ofLeviLincoln; third cousin thrice removed ofThomasSim Lee,HenryLee,CharlesLee,RichardBland Lee,EdmundJennings Lee andZacharyTaylor; fourth cousin once removed ofLeviLincoln Jr.,EnochLincoln andAlexanderLincoln.
		Political families:Walker-Edwardsfamily of North Carolina and Georgia;Lincolnfamily of Kentucky (subsets of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:ClementClaiborne Clay, Jr. —IshamN. Haynie —WilliamM. Stone —JohnPitcher —StephenMiller —JohnT. Stuart —WilliamH. Seward —HenryL. Burnett —JudahP. Benjamin —RobertToombs —RichardTaylor Jacob —GeorgeW. Jones —JamesAdams —JohnG. Nicolay —EdwardEverett —StephenT. Logan —FrancisP. Blair —JohnHay —HenryReed Rathbone —JamesA. Ekin —FrederickW. Seward —JohnH. Surratt —JohnH. Surratt, Jr. —JamesShields —EmilyT. Helm —JohnA. Campbell —JohnMerryman —BarnesCompton —JohnB. Castleman —MelvinD. Hildreth
		Lincoln counties inArk.,Colo.,Idaho,Kan.,La.,Minn.,Miss.,Mont.,Neb.,Nev.,N.M.,Okla.,Ore.,Wash.,W.Va.,Wis. andWyo. arenamed for him.
		ThecityofLincoln,Nebraska, isnamed forhim.  — Lincoln MemorialUniversity,inHarrogate,Tennessee, isnamed forhim.  — LincolnUniversity,inJeffersonCity, Missouri, isnamed forhim.  — LincolnUniversity,nearOxford,Pennsylvania, isnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:AbrahamL. Keister—AbrahamL. Tucker—A.Lincoln Pohalski—AbrahamL. Brick—AbrahamL. Kellogg—AbrahamL. Day—AbrahamLincoln Bernstein—AbrahamL. Tyre—A.Lincoln Reiley—A.L. Helmick—AbrahamL. Sutton—A.Lincoln Acker—AbrahamL. Osgood—AbrahamL. Witmer—AbrahamL. Phillips—A.Lincoln Dryden—AbrahamL. Payton—AbrahamL. Alloway—AbrahamL. Field—AbrahamL. Doris—A.L. Auth—A.Lincoln Moore—A.Lincoln Niditch—AbrahamL. Rubenstein—AbrahamL. Davis, Jr.—AbrahamL. Freedman—A.L. Marovitz—LincolnGordon—AbrahamL. Banner—AbrahamLincoln Tosti
		Coins and currency: Hisportrait hasappeared on the U.S. penny (one cent coin) since 1909, and on the$5 bill since 1913. From the 1860s until 1927, hisportrait alsoappeared on U.S. notes and certificates of various denominationsfrom $1 to $500.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —NNDBdossier —Internet Movie Databaseprofile —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about Abraham Lincoln: DavidHerbert Donald,Lincoln —George Anastaplo,AbrahamLincoln : A Constitutional Biography — G. S. Boritt,ed.,TheLincoln Enigma : The Changing Faces of an AmericanIcon — Albert J. Beveridge,AbrahamLincoln 1809-1858 — Geoffrey Perret,Lincoln'sWar : The Untold Story of America's Greatest President as Commanderin Chief — David Herbert Donald,WeAre Lincoln Men : Abraham Lincoln and His Friends —Edward Steers, Jr.,Bloodon the Moon: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln —Mario Cuomo,WhyLincoln Matters : Today More Than Ever — Michael W.Kauffman,AmericanBrutus : John Wilkes Booth and the LincolnConspiracies — Doris Kearns Goodwin,Teamof Rivals : The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln —Joshua Wolf Shenk,Lincoln'sMelancholy : How Depression Challenged a President and Fueled HisGreatness — John Channing Briggs,Lincoln'sSpeeches Reconsidered — Ronald C. White, Jr.,TheEloquent President : A Portrait of Lincoln Through HisWords — Harold Holzer,Lincolnat Cooper Union : The Speech That Made Abraham Linco lnPresident — Michael Lind,WhatLincoln Believed : The Values and Convictions of America's GreatestPresident — Doris Kearns Goodwin,Teamof Rivals : The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln —Michael Burlingame, ed.,AbrahamLincoln: The Observations of John G. Nicolay and JohnHay — Thomas J. Craughwell,StealingLincoln's Body — Roy Morris, Jr.,TheLong Pursuit: Abraham Lincoln's Thirty-Year Struggle with StephenDouglas for the Heart and Soul of America — JohnStauffer,Giants:The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and AbrahamLincoln — Karen Judson,AbrahamLincoln (for young readers) — Maira Kalman,Lookingat Lincoln (for young readers)
		Critical books about Abraham Lincoln:Thomas J. DiLorenzo,TheReal Lincoln : A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and anUnnecessary War
		Fiction about Abraham Lincoln: GoreVidal,Lincoln:A Novel
		Image source: Three Decades of FederalLegislation (1885)

James Madison (1751-1836) — also known as"Father of the Constitution and the Bill ofRights" —of Virginia. Born in Port Conway,King GeorgeCounty, Va.,March16, 1751.Democrat. Served in the Continental Army during the RevolutionaryWar; member of Virginia state legislature, 1776;Delegateto Continental Congress from Virginia, 1780-83, 1787-88;member,U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787;U.S.Representative from Virginia, 1789-97 (at-large 1789-91, 5thDistrict 1791-93, 15th District 1793-97);U.S.Secretary of State, 1801-09;Presidentof the United States, 1809-17.Episcopalian.Englishancestry.He was elected in 1905 to theHallof Fame for Great Americans.Slaveowner. Died in Montpelier,OrangeCounty, Va.,June 28,1836 (age85 years, 104days).Interment atMontpelierPlantation, Montpelier Station, Va.

	Relatives: Sonof James Madison (1723-1801) and Eleanor Rose (Conway) Madison;brother ofWilliamTaylor Madison; married,September15, 1794, toDolleyTodd (sister-in-law ofRichardCutts andJohnGeorge Jackson); first cousin once removed ofGeorgeMadison; first cousin twice removed ofEdmundPendleton; second cousin ofZacharyTaylor; second cousin once removed ofJohnPenn,JohnPendleton Jr.,NathanielPendleton andColebyChew; second cousin twice removed ofHenryGaines Johnson,JohnStrother Pendleton,AlbertGallatin Pendleton,SamuelBullitt Churchill andJosephHenry Pendleton; second cousin thrice removed ofWilliamBarret Pendleton,GeorgeCassety Pendleton,JohnOverton Pendleton,HubbardT. Smith,BickertonLyle Winston,CharlesM. Pendleton,ElliotWoolfolk Major,EdgarBailey Woolfolk andDanielMicajah Pendleton; second cousin four times removed ofCharlesSumner Pendleton andSidneyFletcher Taliaferro; third cousin ofClementF. Dorsey,PhilipClayton Pendleton,EdmundHenry Pendleton andNathanaelGreene Pendleton; third cousin once removed ofGabrielSlaughter,AndrewDorsey,PhilipColeman Pendleton andGeorgeHunt Pendleton; third cousin twice removed ofRobertPryor Henry,JohnFlournoy Henry,GustavusAdolphus Henry,DavidShelby Walker,AlexanderWarfield Dorsey,FrancisKey Pendleton andCharlesRittenhouse Pendleton; third cousin thrice removed ofCharlesRice Slaughter,JamesDavid Walker,DavidShelby Walker Jr. andEliHuston Brown Jr.; fourth cousin ofWilliamByrd III; fourth cousin once removed ofCharlesWilling Byrd.
		Political families:FourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:EdwardColes
		Madison counties inAla.,Ark.,Fla.,Ga.,Idaho,Ill.,Ind.,Iowa,Ky.,La.,Miss.,Mo.,Mont.,Neb.,N.Y.,N.C.,Ohio,Tenn.,Tex. andVa. arenamed for him.
		ThecityofMadison,Wisconsin, isnamed forhim.  —MountMadison, in the White Mountains,CoosCounty, New Hampshire, isnamed forhim.  —FortMadison (1808-13), and the subsequentcityofFortMadison, Iowa, werenamed forhim.  — The World War IILibertyshipSS James Madison (built 1942 atHouston,Texas; scrapped 1966) wasnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:JamesMadison Broom—JamesMadison Hite Beale—JamesMadison Porter—JamesM. Buchanan—JamesMadison Gregg—J.Madison Wells—JamesM. Tarleton—JamesMadison Hughes—JamesM. Marvin—JamesM. Edmunds—JamesMadison Gaylord—JamesM. Leach—JamesTurner—JamesM. Harvey—JamesM. Seymour—JamesMadison Bowler—JamesMadison Barker—JamesMadison Mullen—JamesM. Candler—JamesMadison McKinney—JamesM. Morton—JamesMadison Barrett, Sr.—JamesM. Gudger, Jr.—JamesMadison Morton, Jr.—JamesMadison Woodard—JamesM. Waddell, Jr.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $5,000 bill in 1915-46.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about James Madison: Ralph LouisKetcham,JamesMadison : A Biography — Garry Wills,JamesMadison — Robert Allen Rutland,ThePresidency of James Madison — Charles Cerami,YoungPatriots: The Remarkable Story of Two Men. Their Impossible Plan andThe Revolution That Created The Constitution — SamuelKernell, ed.,JamesMadison: The Theory and Practice of RepublicanGovernment — Kevin R. C. Gutzman,JamesMadison and the Making of America
		Image source: Portrait & BiographicalAlbum of Washtenaw County (1891)

 Daniel Manning (1831-1887) — of Albany,AlbanyCounty, N.Y.Born in Albany,AlbanyCounty, N.Y.,May 16,1831.Democrat.Newspapereditor; delegate to Democratic National Convention from New York,1876,1880;New YorkDemocratic state chair, 1882-84;U.S.Secretary of the Treasury, 1885-87.Died, fromBright'sdisease, in Albany,AlbanyCounty, N.Y.,December24, 1887 (age56 years, 222days).Interment atAlbanyRural Cemetery, Menands, N.Y.

	Relatives:Married1853 to MaryLittle; married,November19, 1884, to Mary Margaretta Fryer; father ofJamesHilton Manning.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $20 silver certificate from the 1890s until1919.
		See alsoWikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial

William Learned Marcy (1786-1857) — also known asWilliam L. Marcy — of Albany,AlbanyCounty, N.Y.Born in Southbridge,WorcesterCounty, Mass.,December12, 1786.Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812;lawyer;New Yorkstate comptroller, 1823-29;Justice ofNew York Supreme Court, 1829;U.S.Senator from New York, 1831-33;Governor ofNew York, 1833-39; defeated, 1838;U.S.Secretary of War, 1845-49; candidate for Democratic nominationfor President,1852;U.S.Secretary of State, 1853-57.Died in Ballston Spa,SaratogaCounty, N.Y.,July 4,1857 (age70 years, 204days).Interment atAlbanyRural Cemetery, Menands, N.Y.

	MountMarcy (the highest point in New York State), in the AdirondackMountains,EssexCounty, New York, isnamed forhim.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on some U.S. currency issued in the 19th and early 20thcentury.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —NationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier
		Books about William Learned Marcy:Robert L Scribner,Thediplomacy of William L. Marcy, Secretary of State,1853-1857 — Ivor Debenham Spencer,Thevictor and the spoils: a life of William L. Marcy
		Image source: New York Red Book1896

John Marshall (1755-1835) — of Virginia. Born in Germantown,FauquierCounty, Va.,September24, 1755.Served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War;lawyer;member ofVirginiastate house of delegates, 1782-96;U.S.Attorney for Virginia, 1789;U.S.Representative from Virginia at-large, 1799-1800;U.S.Secretary of State, 1800-01;ChiefJustice of U.S. Supreme Court, 1801-35; died in office 1835;received 4 electoral votes for Vice-President,1816.Episcopalian.Scottishancestry. Member,Freemasons;PhiBeta Kappa.Elected to theHallof Fame for Great Americans in 1900.Slaveowner. Died in Philadelphia,PhiladelphiaCounty, Pa.,July 6,1835 (age79 years, 285days).Interment atShockoeHill Cemetery, Richmond, Va.

	Relatives: Sonof Thomas Marshall (1730-1802) and Mary Randolph (Keith) Marshall;brother-in-law ofWilliamMcClung,GeorgeKeith Taylor andJosephHamilton Daviess; brother ofJamesMarkham Marshall andAlexanderKeith Marshall (1770-1825); married,January3, 1783, to Mary Willis Ambler (daughter ofJacquelinAmbler); father ofThomasMarshall (1784-1835), Mary Marshall (who marriedJacquelinBurwell Harvie) andJamesKeith Marshall; uncle and first cousin once removed ofThomasAlexander Marshall; uncle ofEdwardColston,ThomasFrancis Marshall,AlexanderKeith Marshall (1808-1884),AlexanderKeith McClung,CharlesAlexander Marshall andEdwardColston Marshall; granduncle by marriage ofHumphreyMarshall (1812-1872); granduncle ofJohnAugustine Marshall; great-grandfather ofLewisMinor Coleman; great-grandnephew ofRichardRandolph; great-granduncle ofHudsonSnowden Marshall,WilliamMarshall Bullitt andAlexanderScott Bullitt; first cousin and brother-in-law ofHumphreyMarshall (1760-1841); first cousin once removed ofWilliamMarshall Anderson andCharlesAnderson; first cousin twice removed ofRichardBland andPeytonRandolph (1721-1775); second cousin ofThomasMann Randolph Jr.; second cousin once removed ofTheodorickBland,ThomasJefferson,EdmundJenings Randolph,BeverleyRandolph,JohnRandolph of Roanoke,BenjaminFranklin Randolph,MeriwetherLewis Randolph andGeorgeWythe Randolph; second cousin twice removed ofThomasJefferson Coolidge; second cousin thrice removed ofJohnGardner Coolidge; third cousin ofHenryLee,CharlesLee,RichardBland Lee,EdmundJennings Lee,MarthaJefferson Randolph,DabneyCarr,PeytonRandolph (1779-1828) andHenrySt. George Tucker; third cousin once removed ofFrancisWayles Eppes,DabneySmith Carr,EdmundRandolph,NathanielBeverly Tucker,CarterHenry Harrison andJohnBreckinridge Castleman; third cousin twice removed ofFitzhughLee,WilliamHenry Fitzhugh Lee,EdmundRandolph Cocke,CarterHenry Harrison II andFrederickMadison Roberts; third cousin thrice removed ofEdithWilson andFrancisBeverley Biddle; fourth cousin ofJohnWayles Eppes.
		Political families:Tuck-Marshallfamily of Annapolis, Maryland;Livingston-Schuylerfamily of New York (subsets of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Marshall counties inAla.,Ill.,Ind.,Iowa,Ky.,Miss.,Tenn. andW.Va. arenamed for him.
		The World War IILibertyshipSS John Marshall (built 1941-42 atMobile,Alabama; scrapped 1971) wasnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:JohnMarshall Stone—JohnMarshall Martin—JohnMarshall Harlan—JohnM. Clark—J.Marshall Hagans—JohnM. Claiborne—JohnM. Hamilton—JohnM. Raymond—John M.Rose—JohnM. Slaton—JohnMarshall Quintero—JohnM. Wolverton—JohnM. Robsion—JohnMarshall Hutcheson—JohnM. Butler—JohnMarshall Harlan—JohnM. Robsion, Jr.—JohnMarshall Briley—JohnMarshall Lindley
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the $20 U.S. Treasury note in the 1880s, and on the$500 bill in the early 20th century.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —federaljudicial profile —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —BiographicalDirectory of Federal Judges
		Books about John Marshall: Jean EdwardSmith,JohnMarshall : Definer of a Nation — Charles F. Hobson,TheGreat Chief Justice : John Marshall and the Rule ofLaw — Albert J. Beveridge,TheLife of John Marshall: The Building of the Nation1815-1835 — Albert J. Beveridge,TheLife of John Marshall: Conflict and Construction1800-1815 — Albert J. Beveridge,TheLife of John Marshall: Politician, Diplomatist, Statesman1789-1801 — Albert J. Beveridge,TheLife of John Marshall: Frontiersman, Soldier,Lawmaker — David Scott Robarge,AChief Justice's Progress: John Marshall from Revolutionary Virginiato the Supreme Court — R. Kent Newmyer,JohnMarshall and the Heroic Age of the Supreme Court
		Image source: New York PublicLibrary

Hugh McCulloch (1808-1895) — of Fort Wayne,AllenCounty, Ind.;Washington,D.C.; Vansville,PrinceGeorge's County, Md.Born in Kennebunk,YorkCounty, Maine,December7, 1808.Republican.Lawyer;banker;U.S. Comptroller of the Currency, 1863-65;U.S.Secretary of the Treasury, 1865-69, 1884-85.Died in Vansville,PrinceGeorge's County, Md.,May 24,1895 (age86 years, 168days).Interment atRockCreek Cemetery, Washington, D.C.

	Relatives: Sonof Hugh McCulloch (1773-1830) and Abigail (Perkins) McCulloch;married,June 23,1834, to Eunice Hardy; married,March21, 1838, to Susan Maria Man.
		McCulloch Hall (dormitory, built 1926), atHarvardUniversityBusiness School,Boston,Massachusetts, isnamed forhim.  — The World War IILibertyshipSS Hugh McCulloch (built 1943 atRichmond,California; scrapped 1962) wasnamed forhim.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on $20 U.S. national bank notes in 1902.
		See alsoWikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —Comptrollersof the Currency
		Image source: Life and Work of James G.Blaine (1893)

William McKinley Jr. (1843-1901) — also known as"Idol of Ohio" — of Canton,StarkCounty, Ohio.Born in Niles,TrumbullCounty, Ohio,January29, 1843.Republican. Major in the Union Army during the Civil War;lawyer;U.S.Representative from Ohio, 1877-84, 1885-91 (17th District1877-79, 16th District 1879-81, 17th District 1881-83, 18th District1883-84, 20th District 1885-87, 18th District 1887-91); delegate toRepublican National Convention from Ohio,1884,1888;Governorof Ohio, 1892-96;Presidentof the United States, 1897-1901; died in office 1901.Methodist.Scotch-Irishancestry. Member,LoyalLegion;Freemasons;GrandArmy of the Republic;Knightsof Pythias;SigmaAlpha Epsilon.Shotby theassassinLeon Czolgosz, at areceptionin the Temple of Music, at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo,N.Y., September 6, 1901, and died eight days later, in Buffalo,ErieCounty, N.Y.,September14, 1901 (age58 years, 228days).Originally entombed atWestLawn Cemetery, Canton, Ohio; re-entombed in 1907 atMcKinleyMonument, Canton, Ohio; statue atLucasCounty Courthouse Grounds, Toledo, Ohio.

	Relatives: Sonof William McKinley and Nancy Campbell (Allison) McKinley; married toIdaSaxton; first cousin ofWilliamMcKinley Osborne; fourth cousin once removed ofHenryPrather Fletcher.
		Political family:McKinleyfamily of Canton, Ohio.
		Cross-reference:AlbertHalstead —LoranL. Lewis —GeorgeB. Cortelyou —JohnGoodnow
		McKinley County,N.M. is named for him.
		MountMcKinley (the highest peak in North America, now known by itstraditional name, Denali), inDenaliBorough, Alaska, wasnamed forhim.  — McKinleyHighSchool, inHonolulu,Hawaii, isnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:WilliamMcKinley Thomas—WilliamMcKinley Thomas—WilliamM. Bell—WilliamM. Branch
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $500 bill in 1928-46.
		Campaign slogan (1896): "The FullDinner Pail."
		Campaign slogan (1896): "The AdvanceAgent of Prosperity."
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —NationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about William McKinley: Lewis L.Gould,ThePresidency of William McKinley — Kevin Phillips,WilliamMcKinley — H. Wayne Morgan,WilliamMcKinley and His America — Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology]
		Image source: American Monthly Reviewof Reviews, October 1901

 Christopher Gustavus Memminger (1803-1888) — also known asChristopher G. Memminger — of Charleston, Charleston District (nowCharlestonCounty), S.C.Born in Wurttemberg,Germany,January9, 1803.Lawyer;member ofSouthCarolina state house of representatives, 1836-52, 1854-60,1876-78;delegateto South Carolina secession convention from St. Philips' & St.Michael's, 1860-62; chairman of the committee that drew up theConstitution of the Confederate States of America;Delegatefrom South Carolina to the Confederate Provisional Congress,1861-62;ConfederateSecretary of the Treasury, 1861-64;pardonedby PresidentAndrewJohnson, 1867.Episcopalian.Slaveowner. Died in Flat Rock,HendersonCounty, N.C.,March 7,1888 (age85 years, 58days).Interment atSt.John in the Wilderness Cemetery, Flat Rock, N.C.

	Relatives:Adoptive son ofThomasBennett; married,October25, 1832, to Mary Wilkinson; grandfather ofLucienMemminger; great-grandfather ofRobertB. Memminger.
		Political family:Memminger-Bennettfamily of Charleston, South Carolina.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on Confederate States $5 notes in 1861-64 and $10 notesin 1861.
		See alsoWikipediaarticle —Find-A-Gravememorial

James Monroe (1758-1831) — ofSpotsylvaniaCounty, Va.;LoudounCounty, Va.Born inWestmorelandCounty, Va.,April28, 1758.Colonel in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War;lawyer;member ofVirginiastate house of delegates, 1782, 1786, 1810-11;Delegateto Continental Congress from Virginia, 1783-86;delegateto Virginia convention to ratify U.S. constitution fromSpotsylvania County, 1788;U.S.Senator from Virginia, 1790-94; U.S. Minister toFrance, 1794-96;Great Britain, 1803-07;Governor ofVirginia, 1799-1802, 1811;U.S.Secretary of State, 1811-17;U.S.Secretary of War, 1814-15;Presidentof the United States, 1817-25;delegateto Virginia state constitutional convention, 1829.Episcopalian.Englishancestry. Member,Freemasons.Elected to theHallof Fame for Great Americans in 1930.Slaveowner. Died, probably oftuberculosis,in New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.,July 4,1831 (age73 years, 67days).Originally entombed atNewYork Marble Cemetery, Manhattan, N.Y.; subsequently entombed atNewYork City Marble Cemetery, Manhattan, N.Y.; reinterment in 1858atHollywoodCemetery, Richmond, Va.

	Relatives: Sonof Andrew Spence Monroe and Elizabeth (Jones) Monroe; married,February16, 1786, to Eliza Kortright andElizabethKortright; father of Eliza Kortright Monroe (who marriedGeorgeHay) and Maria Hester Monroe (who marriedSamuelLaurence Gouverneur); nephew ofJosephJones; uncle ofThomasBell Monroe andJamesMonroe (1799-1870); granduncle ofVictorMonroe; great-grandnephew of Douglas Robinson (who marriedCorinneRoosevelt Robinson); second great-granduncle ofTheodoreDouglas Robinson andCorinneAlsop Cole; third great-granduncle ofCorinneAlsop Chubb andJohndeKoven Alsop; first cousin once removed ofWilliamGrayson; second cousin ofAlfredWilliam Grayson andBeverlyRobinson Grayson; second cousin thrice removed ofCarterHenry Harrison II andJohnBrady Grayson.
		Political family:Monroefamily of Virginia (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Monroe counties inAla.,Ark.,Fla.,Ga.,Ill.,Ind.,Iowa,Ky.,Mich.,Miss.,Mo.,N.Y.,Ohio,Pa.,Tenn.,W.Va. andWis. arenamed for him.
		ThecityofMonrovia,Liberia, isnamed forhim.  —MountMonroe, in the White Mountains,CoosCounty, New Hampshire, isnamed forhim.  —FortMonroe (military installation 1819-2011), at Old Point Comfort,Hampton,Virginia, isnamed forhim.  — The World War IILibertyshipSS James Monroe (built 1942 atTerminalIsland, California; scrapped 1970) wasnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:JamesMonroe—JamesMonroe—JamesM. Pendleton—JamesM. Jackson—JamesMonroe Letts—JamesM. Ritchie—JamesM. Rosse—JamesM. Comly—JamesMonroe Buford—JamesM. Seibert—J.Monroe Driesbach—JamesM. Lown—JamesM. Miller—JamesMonroe Jones—JamesMonroe Hale—JamesMonroe Spears—J.M. Alford—JamesM. Lown, Jr.—JamesM. Miley
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $100 silver certificate in the 1880s and1890s.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —National GovernorsAssociation biography —Wikipediaarticle —U.S. State Dept career summary —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about James Monroe: Harry Ammon,JamesMonroe: The Quest for National Identity
		Image source: Portrait & BiographicalAlbum of Washtenaw County (1891)

 Robert Morris (1734-1806) — of Pennsylvania. Born in Liverpool,England,January31, 1734.Delegateto Continental Congress from Pennsylvania, 1776;signer,Declaration of Independence, 1776; member ofPennsylvaniastate house of representatives, 1785;member,U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787;U.S.Senator from Pennsylvania, 1789-95.Episcopalian.Englishancestry.Financier of the American Revolution, but went broke in the process.Imprisonedfordebt fromFebruary 1798 to August 1801.Slaveowner. Died in Philadelphia,PhiladelphiaCounty, Pa.,May 8,1806 (age72 years, 97days).Entombed atChristChurch Burial Ground, Philadelphia, Pa.; statue atIndependenceNational Historical Park, Philadelphia, Pa.; memorial monument atConstitution Gardens, Washington, D.C.

	Relatives: Sonof Robert Morris (1711-1750) and Elizabeth (Murphet) Morris; married,March2, 1769, to Mary White; father ofThomasMorris and Henrietta 'Hetty' Morris (who marriedJamesMarkham Marshall); great-grandfather ofJohnAugustine Marshall.
		Political family:Livingston-Schuylerfamily of New York (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Morris Hall (dormitory, built 1926), atHarvardUniversityBusiness School,Boston,Massachusetts, isnamed forhim.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $10 silver certificate in the 1870s and1880s.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial
		Books about Robert Morris: CharlesRappleye,RobertMorris: Financier of the American Revolution

 George Wythe Randolph (1818-1867) — also known asGeorge W. Randolph — ofRichmond,Va.Born near Charlottesville,AlbemarleCounty, Va.,March10, 1818.Lawyer;delegateto Virginia secession convention from Richmond city, 1861;general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War;ConfederateSecretary of War, 1862; after the collapse of theConfederacy,fledto Europe toavoidcapture;pardonedin 1866.Episcopalian.Died ofpulmonarypneumonia, near Charlottesville,AlbemarleCounty, Va.,April 3,1867 (age49 years, 24days).Interment atMonticelloGraveyard, Near Charlottesville, Albemarle County, Va.

	Relatives: SonofThomasMann Randolph Jr. andMarthaJefferson Randolph; brother ofBenjaminFranklin Randolph,MeriwetherLewis Randolph and Virginia Jefferson Randolph (who marriedNicholasPhilip Trist); uncle ofThomasJefferson Coolidge; grandson ofThomasJefferson; granduncle ofJohnGardner Coolidge; great-grandson ofArchibaldCary; second great-grandson ofRichardRandolph; first cousin ofFrancisWayles Eppes; first cousin once removed ofDabneyCarr,JohnWayles Eppes andFrederickMadison Roberts; first cousin twice removed ofJohnRandolph of Roanoke; first cousin thrice removed ofRichardBland andPeytonRandolph (1721-1775); second cousin ofDabneySmith Carr; second cousin once removed ofJohnMarshall,JamesMarkham Marshall andAlexanderKeith Marshall; second cousin twice removed ofTheodorickBland,EdmundJenings Randolph,BeverleyRandolph andEdithWilson; third cousin ofThomasMarshall,JohnJordan Crittenden,ThomasTurpin Crittenden,RobertCrittenden,JamesKeith Marshall,CarterHenry Harrison andJohnBreckinridge Castleman; third cousin once removed ofHenryLee,CharlesLee,RichardBland Lee,EdmundJennings Lee,PeytonRandolph (1779-1828),HenrySt. George Tucker,JohnRobertson,BenjaminWilliam Sheridan Cabell,AlexanderParker Crittenden,ThomasLeonidas Crittenden,ThomasTheodore Crittenden,ArchelausMarius Woodson,JohnAugustine Marshall andCarterHenry Harrison II; third cousin twice removed ofThomasTheodore Crittenden Jr.,WilliamMarshall Bullitt andAlexanderScott Bullitt; fourth cousin ofEdmundRandolph,NathanielBeverly Tucker,WilliamLewis Cabell andGeorgeCraighead Cabell; fourth cousin once removed ofThomasJones Hardeman,BaileyHardeman,FitzhughLee,WilliamHenry Fitzhugh Lee,JoelWalker Flood,EdmundRandolph Cocke,BenjaminEarl Cabell andWilliamHenry Robertson.
		Political families:Cabell-Breckinridgefamily of Virginia;Breckinridge-Preston-Harrison-Richardsonfamily of Virginia (subsets of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on Confederate States $100 notes in 1862-64.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) — also known asFranklin D. Roosevelt;"F.D.R." —of Hyde Park,DutchessCounty, N.Y.Born in Hyde Park,DutchessCounty, N.Y.,January30, 1882.Democrat.Lawyer;member ofNew Yorkstate senate 26th District, 1911-13; resigned 1913; U.S.Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1913-20; candidate forVicePresident of the United States, 1920; delegate to DemocraticNational Convention from New York,1920,1924,1928;speaker,1944;contracted polio in the early 1920s; as a result, hislegs wereparalyzed for the rest of his life;Governor ofNew York, 1929-33;Presidentof the United States, 1933-45; died in office 1945; on February15, 1933, in Miami, Fla., he and Chicago mayorAntonJ. Cermak wereshotat by Guiseppe Zangara; Cermak was hit and mortally wounded.Episcopalian.Member,Freemasons;AlphaDelta Phi;PhiBeta Kappa;Elks;Grange;Knightsof Pythias.Led the nation through the Depression and World War II. Died of acerebralhemorrhage, in Warm Springs,MeriwetherCounty, Ga.,April12, 1945 (age63 years, 72days).Interment atRooseveltHome, Hyde Park, N.Y.; memorial monument atFederal Triangle, Washington, D.C.; memorial monument atWestPotomac Park, Washington, D.C.

	Relatives: Sonof James Roosevelt (1828-1900) and Sara (Delano) Roosevelt; married,March17, 1905, toAnnaEleanor Roosevelt (niece ofTheodoreRoosevelt (1858-1919); first cousin ofCorinneDouglas Robinson); father ofJamesRoosevelt (1907-1991),ElliottRoosevelt andFranklinDelano Roosevelt Jr.; half-uncle ofHelenRoosevelt Robinson; second great-grandson ofEdwardHutchinson Robbins; third great-grandnephew ofJabezHuntington; first cousin ofWarrenDelano Robbins andKatharinePrice Collier St. George; first cousin once removed of HelenLloyd Aspinwall (who marriedFrancisEmanuel Shober); first cousin twice removed ofElizabethKortright; first cousin four times removed ofJedediahHuntington andEbenezerHuntington; first cousin six times removed ofBenjaminHuntington; second cousin of Caroline Astor Drayton (who marriedWilliamPhillips); second cousin once removed ofSamuelLaurence Gouverneur andFrancisHolden Aspinwall; second cousin thrice removed ofNicholasRoosevelt Jr. andJabezWilliams Huntington; second cousin five times removed ofSamuelHuntington,GeorgeWashington,JoshuaCoit,HenryHuntington,GurdonHuntington andSamuelGager; third cousin twice removed ofPhilipDePeyster andJamesI. Roosevelt; third cousin thrice removed ofSulifandSutherland Ross; fourth cousin once removed ofUlyssesSimpson Grant,RobertBarnwell Roosevelt,RogerWolcott andTheodoreRoosevelt (1858-1919).
		Political family:Rooseveltfamily of New York City, New York (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:RossT. McIntire —MiltonLipson —W.W. Howes —BruceBarton —HamiltonFish, Jr. —JosephW. Martin, Jr. —SamuelI. Rosenman —RexfordG. Tugwell —RaymondMoley —AdolfA. Berle —GeorgeE. Allen —LorenceE. Asman —GrenvilleT. Emmet —EliotJaneway —JonathanDaniels —RalphBellamy —WytheLeigh Kinsolving
		The Franklin Delano RooseveltBridge(opened 1962), over Lubec Narrows, betweenLubec,Maine andCampobelloIsland, New Brunswick, Canada, isnamed forhim.  — TheboroughofRoosevelt,New Jersey (originally Jersey Homesteads; renamed 1945), isnamed forhim.  — F. D. RooseveltAirport,on the Caribbean island ofSintEustatius, isnamed forhim.  — The F. D. RooseveltTeachingHospital, inBanskáBystrica, Slovakia, isnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:FrankGarrison—FranklinD. Roosevelt Keesee
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappears on the U.S. dime (ten cent coin).
		See alsoNationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Internet Movie Databaseprofile —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about Franklin D. Roosevelt:James MacGregor Burns & Susan Dunn,TheThree Roosevelts: Patrician Leaders Who TransformedAmerica — Doris Kearns Goodwin,NoOrdinary Time : Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front inWorld War II — Joseph Alsop & Roland Gelatt,FDR: 1882-1945 — Bernard Bellush,FranklinRoosevelt as Governor of New York — Robert H. Jackson,ThatMan : An Insider's Portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt —Jonas Klein,BelovedIsland : Franklin & Eleanor and the Legacy ofCampobello — Conrad Black,FranklinDelano Roosevelt : Champion of Freedom — CharlesPeters,FiveDays in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie!" Convention of1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World —Steven Neal,HappyDays Are Here Again : The 1932 Democratic Convention, the Emergenceof FDR--and How America Was Changed Forever — H. W.Brands,Traitorto His Class: The Privileged Life and Radical Presidency of FranklinDelano Roosevelt — Hazel Rowley,Franklinand Eleanor: An Extraordinary Marriage — AlanBrinkley,FranklinDelano Roosevelt — Stanley Weintraub,YoungMr. Roosevelt: FDR's Introduction to War, Politics, andLife — Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology] — Karen Bornemann Spies,FranklinD. Roosevelt (for young readers)
		Critical books about Franklin D.Roosevelt: Jim Powell,FDR'sFolly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the GreatDepression — John T. Flynn,TheRoosevelt Myth — Burton W. Folsom,NewDeal or Raw Deal?: How FDR's Economic Legacy Has DamagedAmerica
		Fiction about Franklin D. Roosevelt:Philip Roth,ThePlot Against America: A Novel — Philip K. Dick,TheMan in the High Castle
		Image source: New York Red Book1936

William Henry Seward (1801-1872) — also known asWilliam H. Seward — of Auburn,CayugaCounty, N.Y.Born in Florida,OrangeCounty, N.Y.,May 16,1801.Lawyer;co-founded (withThurlowWeed), theAlbany Evening Journalnewspaperin 1830; member ofNew Yorkstate senate 7th District, 1831-34;Governor ofNew York, 1839-43; defeated (Whig), 1834;U.S.Senator from New York, 1849-61; candidate for Republicannomination for President,1856,1860;U.S.Secretary of State, 1861-69; as Secretary of State in 1867, hemade a treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska; critics dubbedthe territory "Seward's Folly".Survived anassassinationattempt on April 14, 1865 (the same nightAbrahamLincoln was shot), when Lewis Payne, an associate of John WilkesBooth, broke into his bedroom and stabbed him repeatedly. Payne wasarrested, tried with the other conspirators, and hanged.Died in Auburn,CayugaCounty, N.Y.,October16, 1872 (age71 years, 153days).Interment atFortHill Cemetery, Auburn, N.Y.; statue atMadisonSquare Park, Manhattan, N.Y.; statue atVolunteerPark, Seattle, Wash.

	Relatives: SonofSamuelSwayze Seward and Mary (Jennings) Seward; married to FrancesAdeline Miller; father ofFrederickWilliam Seward andWilliamHenry Seward Jr.; uncle of Caroline Cornelia Canfield (whomarriedJohnLawrence Schoolcraft) andGeorgeFrederick Seward; granduncle ofFrederickWhittlesey Seward Jr..
		Political family:Seward-Schoolcraft-Shermanfamily of New York (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:GeorgeW. Jones —SamuelJ. Barrows —FrederickW. Seward —EliasP. Pellet
		Seward counties inKan. andNeb. arenamed for him.
		SewardMountain,in the Adirondack Mountains,FranklinCounty, New York, isnamed forhim.  — ThecityofSeward,Nebraska, isnamed forhim.  — ThetownofSeward,New York, isnamed forhim.  — ThecityofSeward,Alaska, isnamed forhim.  — SewardPark(300 acres on a forested peninsula, established 1911), inSeattle,Washington, isnamed forhim.  — SewardPark(three acres on East Broadway, opened 1903), inManhattan,New York, isnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:W.Seward Whittlesey—W.H. Seward Thomson—WilliamS. Shanahan
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the $50 U.S. Treasury note in the 1890s.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —NationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —Find-A-Gravememorial
		Books about William H. Seward: DorisKearns Goodwin,Teamof Rivals : The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln —Walter Stahr,Seward:Lincoln's Indispensable Man — Walter Stahr,Seward:Lincoln's Indispensable Man — Michael Burgan,WilliamHenry Seward : Senator and Statesman (for youngreaders)
		Image source: New York PublicLibrary

 Edwin McMasters Stanton (1814-1869) — also known asEdwin M. Stanton;"The GreatEnergy" —Born in Steubenville,JeffersonCounty, Ohio,December19, 1814.U.S.Attorney General, 1860-61;U.S.Secretary of War, 1862-68.Quaker.Died inWashington,D.C.,December24, 1869 (age55 years, 5days).Interment atOakHill Cemetery, Washington, D.C.

	Relatives:Grandfather of Cora Van Voorhis Stanton (who marriedErnestLee Jahncke).
		Political family:Jahncke-Stantonfamily of New Orleans, Louisiana.
		Cross-reference:DanielE. Sickles
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the $1 U.S. Treasury note in the 1880s and1890s.
		See alsoWikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial
		Books about Edwin M. Stanton: AmyAllison,EdwinStanton, Union War Secretary — Doris Kearns Goodwin,Teamof Rivals : The Political Genius of AbrahamLincoln

Alexander Hamilton Stephens (1812-1883) — also known asAlexander H. Stephens;"The Little PaleStar from Georgia" —of Crawfordville,TaliaferroCounty, Ga.Born near Crawfordville,TaliaferroCounty, Ga.,February11, 1812.Democrat. Member ofGeorgiastate house of representatives, 1836; member ofGeorgiastate senate, 1842;U.S.Representative from Georgia, 1843-59, 1873-82 (at-large 1843-45,7th District 1845-53, 8th District 1853-59, 1873-82); PresidentialElector for Georgia,1860;delegateto Georgia secession convention, 1861;Delegatefrom Georgia to the Confederate Provisional Congress, 1861-62;VicePresident of the Confederacy, 1861-65;arrestedfortreasonin May 1865, and held for five months at Fort Warren;Governor ofGeorgia, 1882-83; died in office 1883.Slaveowner. Died in Atlanta,FultonCounty, Ga.,March 4,1883 (age71 years, 21days).Original interment and cenotaph atOaklandCemetery, Atlanta, Ga.; reinterment atAlexanderH. Stephens Memorial State Park, Crawfordville, Ga.

	Presumably namedfor:AlexanderHamilton
		Relatives: Son of Andrew BaskinsStephens and Margaret (Grier) Stephens; half-brother ofLintonStephens; great-granduncle ofRobertGrier Stephens Jr..
		Political family:Stephensfamily of Crawfordville and Atlanta, Georgia.
		The World War IILibertyshipSS Alexander H. Stephens (built 1942 atHouston,Texas; scrapped 1973) wasnamed forhim.
		Politician named for him:AlexanderS. Clay
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on Confederate States $20 notes in 1861-64.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —NationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial
		Books about Alexander H. Stephens:Thomas E. Schott,AlexanderH. Stephens of Georgia : A Biography — William C.Davis,TheUnion That Shaped the Confederacy: Robert Toombs and Alexander H.Stephens
		Image source: James G. Blaine, TwentyYears of Congress, vol. 2 (1886)

 John Elliott Ward (1814-1902) — also known asJohn E. Ward — of Savannah,ChathamCounty, Ga.Born in1814.Mayorof Savannah, Ga., 1853-54;Speaker ofthe Georgia State House of Representatives, 1853-54; U.S.Minister toChina, 1858-60.Died in1902(ageabout88 years).Interment atMidwayChurch Cemetery, Midway, Ga.

	The World War IILibertyshipSS John E. Ward (built 1943 atSavannah,Georgia; scrapped 1970) wasnamed forhim.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on Confederate States $10 notes in 1861.
		See alsoU.S. State Dept career summary

George Washington (1732-1799) — also known as"Father of His Country";"TheAmerican Fabius" —of Virginia. Born inWestmorelandCounty, Va., February 11, 1732/31 o.s. ((February22,1732)).Delegateto Continental Congress from Virginia, 1774-75; general in theContinental Army during the Revolutionary War;member,U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787;Presidentof the United States, 1789-97.Episcopalian.Englishancestry. Member,Freemasons;Societyof the Cincinnati;AmericanAcademy of Arts and Sciences.As the leader of the Revolution, he could have been King; instead, heserved as thefirstPresident and voluntarily stepped down after two terms. Elected totheHallof Fame for Great Americans in 1900.Slaveowner. Died, probably fromacute bacterialepiglottitis, atFairfaxCounty, Va.,December14, 1799 (age67 years, 295days).Entombed atMt.Vernon, Fairfax County, Va.; memorial monument atNationalMall, Washington, D.C.; statue erected 1860 atWashingtonCircle, Washington, D.C.; statue erected 1869 atBoston Public Garden, Boston, Mass.

	Relatives: Sonof Augustine Washington and Mary (Ball) Washington; married,January6, 1759, toMarthaDandridge Custis (aunt ofBurwellBassett); step-father ofJohnParke Custis; uncle ofBushrodWashington; granduncle by marriage ofCharlesMagill Conrad; granduncle ofJohnThornton Augustine Washington andGeorgeCorbin Washington; great-granduncle of Jane Washington AugustaThornton (who marriedJamesBurnie Beck); second great-granduncle ofGeorgeWashington Thornton Beck; first cousin six times removed ofArcherWoodford; second cousin ofHowellLewis; second cousin once removed ofMeriwetherLewis; second cousin twice removed ofHowellCobb (1772-1818),SulifandSutherland Ross andDavidShelby Walker; second cousin thrice removed ofWalkerPeyton Conway,HowellCobb (1815-1868),ThomasReade Rootes Cobb,JamesDavid Walker andDavidShelby Walker Jr.; second cousin four times removed ofAndrewJackson Cobb; second cousin five times removed ofThomasHenry Ball Jr.,Williamde Bruyn=Kops,HoraceLee Washington,EdwinMcPherson Holden,ClaudeC. Ball,ArthurWesley Holden andFranklinDelano Roosevelt; third cousin twice removed ofHenryRootes Jackson; third cousin thrice removed ofSamuelBullitt Churchill andThomasLeonidas Crittenden.
		Political families:FourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:HenryLee —JoshuaFry —AlexanderDimitry —TobiasLear —DavidMathews —RufusPutnam
		Washington counties inAla.,Ark.,Colo.,Fla.,Ga.,Idaho,Ill.,Ind.,Iowa,Kan.,Ky.,La.,Maine,Md.,Minn.,Miss.,Mo.,Neb.,N.Y.,N.C.,Ohio,Okla.,Ore.,Pa.,R.I.,Tenn.,Tex.,Utah,Vt.,Va. andWis. arenamed for him.
		ThecityofWashington,D.C., isnamed forhim.  — Thestateof Washington isnamed forhim.  —MountWashington (highest peak in the Northeast), in the White Mountains,CoosCounty, New Hampshire, isnamed forhim.  — Theminorplanet886 Washingtonia (discovered 1917), isnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:GeneralWashington Johnston—GeorgeWashington Lent Marr—GeorgeWashington Heard—GeorgeWashington Barnett—GeorgeWashington Davis—GeorgeW. Owen—GeorgeW. Toland—GeorgeW. Lay—GeorgeW. Patterson—GeorgeW. B. Towns—GeorgeWashington Adams—GeorgeWashington Hockley—GeorgeW. Smyth—G.W. Ingersoll—GeorgeW. Hopkins—GeorgeWashington Montgomery—JosephGeorge Washington Duncan—GeorgeW. Kittredge—GeorgeWashington Juden, Sr.—GeorgeW. Jones—GeorgeWashington Lane—GeorgeW. Harrison—GeorgeWashington Ewing—GeorgeWashington Seabrook—GeorgeW. Morrison—GeorgeW. Woodward—GeorgeWashington Wright—GeorgeWashington Triplett—GeorgeWashington Glasscock—GeorgeW. Schuyler—GeorgeWashington Holman—GeorgeW. Greene—GeorgeW. Johnson—GeorgeW. Wolcott—GeorgeW. Paschal—GeorgeWashington Dunlap—GeorgeWashington Warren—GeorgeWashington Hill—GeorgeWashington Logan—GeorgeW. Getchell—GeorgeW. Wright—GeorgeW. Julian—GeorgeWashington Dyal—GeorgeW. Ladd—GeorgeW. Peck—GeorgeWashington Nesmith—GeorgeW. Morgan—GeorgeWashington Brooks—GeorgeWashington Cowles—GeorgeW. Geddes—GeorgeWashington Whitmore—GeorgeWashington Bridges—GeorgeW. Cate—GeorgeW. Houk—GeorgeW. Webber—GeorgeW. Bemis—GeorgeW. Batchelder—GeorgeWashington Fairbrother—GeorgeW. Glick—GeorgeW. Ryland—GeorgeW. Jones—GeorgeW. Baker—GeorgeW. Shell—GeorgeW. Anderson—GeorgeW. Crouse—GeorgeW. Hulick—GeorgeW. Allen—GeorgeW. F. Harper—GeorgeWashington Clark—GeorgeW. McCrary—GeorgeW. Gordon—GeorgeW. Kingsbury—GeorgeW. Covington—GeorgeWashington Fleeger—GeorgeW. Steele—GeorgeW. Wilson—GeorgeW. Martin—GeorgeW. E. Dorsey—GeorgeW. Plunkitt—GeorgeW. Furbush—GeorgeW. Sutton—GeorgeW. Curtin—GeorgeW. Ray—GeorgeW. Roosevelt—GeorgeW. Smith—GeorgeW. Kipp—GeorgeW. Campbell—GeorgeW. Taylor—GeorgeW. Stone—GeorgeW. Bartch—GeorgeW. Shonk—GeorgeW. Paul—GeorgeW. Cook—GeorgeW. Clarke—GeorgeW. Murray—GeorgeW. Faris—GeorgeW. Fithian—GeorgeW. Prince—GeorgeW. Buckner—GeorgeW. Cromer—GeorgeW. Donaghey—GeorgeT. Beck—GeorgeW. Aldridge—GeorgeWashington Wagoner—GeorgeWashington Goethals—GeorgeW. Armstrong—GeorgeW. Lovejoy—GeorgeW. Oakes—GeorgeW. Hays—GeorgeW. Edmonds—GeorgeW. Lindsay—GeorgeWashington Jones—T.G. W. Tarver—GeorgeW. Darden—GeorgeW. McCaskrin—GeorgeWashington English—GeorgeWashington Jones—GeorgeW. Mead—GeorgeW. Collins—GeorgeW. Gibbons—GeorgeW. List—GeorgeW. Calkin—GeorgeWashington Sullivan—GeorgeW. Rauch—GeorgeW. Michell—GeorgeWashington Jackson—GeorgeW. Blanchard—GeorgeWashington Herz—GeorgeW. Bristow—GeorgeWashington Hardy—GeorgeW. Ballard—GeorgeW. McKown—GeorgeW. Collins
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappears on the U.S. quarter (25 cent coin), and on the $1 bill. Hisportrait also appeared on various other denominations ofU.S. currency, and on the Confederate States $50 note during theCivil War.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about George Washington: RichardBrookhiser,FoundingFather: Rediscovering George Washington — James ThomasFlexner,Washington:The Indispensable Man — Willard Sterne Randall,GeorgeWashington : A Life — Richard Norton Smith,Patriarch: George Washington and the New American Nation —Henry Wiencek,AnImperfect God : George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation ofAmerica — James MacGregor Burns,GeorgeWashington — Joseph J. Ellis,HisExcellency, George Washington — Gore Vidal,InventingA Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson — David Barton,TheBulletproof George Washington: An Account of God's ProvidentialCare — Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology] — Wendie C. Old,GeorgeWashington (for young readers)
		Image source: Portrait & BiographicalAlbum of Washtenaw County (1891)

Daniel Webster (1782-1852) — also known as"Black Dan";"Defender of theConstitution";"Great Expounder of theConstitution" —of Boston,SuffolkCounty, Mass.; Marshfield,PlymouthCounty, Mass.Born in Salisbury (part now in Franklin),MerrimackCounty, N.H.,January18, 1782.Whig.Lawyer;U.S.Representative from New Hampshire at-large, 1813-17;delegateto New Hampshire state constitutional convention, 1820;Presidential Elector for New Hampshire,1820;U.S.Representative from Massachusetts 1st District, 1823-27; resigned1827;U.S.Senator from Massachusetts, 1827-41, 1845-50; candidate forPresidentof the United States, 1836;U.S.Secretary of State, 1841-43, 1850-52; died in office 1852.Presbyterian.Englishancestry.Elected to theHallof Fame for Great Americans in 1900.Died in Marshfield,PlymouthCounty, Mass.,October24, 1852 (age70 years, 280days).Interment atWinslowCemetery, Marshfield, Mass.; statue erected 1900 atScottCircle, Washington, D.C.; statue atState House Grounds, Boston, Mass.

	Relatives: Sonof Ebenezer Webster and Abigail (Eastman) Webster; married,May 29,1808, to Grace Fletcher; second cousin once removed ofHiramAugustus Huse; second cousin twice removed ofEdwinGeorge Eastman; third cousin twice removed ofAlonzoMark Leffingwell; third cousin thrice removed ofHenryNichols Blake andJohnLeffingwell Randolph; fourth cousin once removed ofJedediahSabin,CharlesRowell andAmosTuck.
		Political family:Straus-Morgenthau-Lehman-Vanderbiltfamily of New York City, New York (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Webster counties inGa.,Iowa,Ky.,La.,Miss.,Mo.,Neb. andW.Va. arenamed for him.
		Other politicians named for him:DanielWebster Wilder—DanielW. Mills—DanielW. Jones—DanielWebster Comstock—DanielW. Waugh—DanielW. Tallmadge—DanielWebster Heagy—DanielW. Whitmore—DanielW. Hamilton—DanielW. Allaman—WebsterTurner—DanielW. Shepperson—DanW. Turner—DanielW. Hoan—DanielW. Ambrose, Jr.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the $10 U.S. note from the 1860s until the early 20thcentury.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —NNDBdossier —OurCampaignscandidate detail
		Books about Daniel Webster: RobertVincent Remini,DanielWebster : The Man and His Time — Maurice G. Baxter,Oneand Inseparable : Daniel Webster and the Union —Robert A. Allen,DanielWebster, Defender of the Union — Richard N. Current,DanielWebster and the Rise of National Conservatism —Merrill D. Peterson,TheGreat Triumvirate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun — JohnF. Kennedy,Profilesin Courage — Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology]
		Image source: Life and Work of James G.Blaine (1893)

Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) — also known asThomas Woodrow Wilson;"Schoolmaster inPolitics" —of New Jersey. Born inStaunton,Va.,December28, 1856.Democrat.Universityprofessor;presidentof Princeton University, 1902-10;Governor ofNew Jersey, 1911-13;Presidentof the United States, 1913-21.Presbyterian.Member,PhiKappa Psi;PhiAlpha Delta.Recipient ofNobelPeace Prize in 1919; elected to theHallof Fame for Great Americans in 1950.Died inWashington,D.C.,February3, 1924 (age67 years, 37days).Entombed atWashingtonNational Cathedral, Washington, D.C.; statue erected 2011 atMain Railway Station, Prague, Czechia.

	Relatives: Sonof Rev. Joseph Ruggles Wilson and Janet 'Jessie' (Woodrow) Wilson;married,June 24,1885, toEllenLouise Axson; married,December18, 1915, toEdithBolling Galt; father of Eleanor Randolph Wilson (who marriedWilliamGibbs McAdoo); grandfather ofWoodrowWilson Sayre.
		Political family:Wilsonfamily of California and Virginia (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Cross-reference:WilliamC. Bullitt —BainbridgeColby —JosephE. Davies —JosephP. Tumulty —ThomasH. Birch —ByronR. Newton
		MountWoodrow Wilson, inFremontCounty andSubletteCounty, Wyoming, isnamed forhim.  — Woodrow WilsonPlaza,in the Federal Triangle,Washington,D.C., is isnamed forhim.  — WilsonDam(built 1924), on the Tennessee River inColbertandLauderdalecounties, Alabama, as well as the WilsonLakereservoir, which extends intoLawrencecounty, arenamed forhim.  —RamblaPresidente Wilson, inMontevideo,Uruguay, isnamed forhim.
		Other politicians named for him:WoodrowW. Bean—WoodrowW. Jones—WoodrowW. Scott—TomWoodrow Payne—W.W. Dumas—WoodrowWilson Mann—WoodrowW. Lavender—WoodrowWilson Sayre—WoodrowW. Baird—WoodrowW. Mathna—WoodrowW. Hulme—WoodrowW. Kline—WoodrowW. McDonald—WoodrowW. Hollan—WoodrowW. Carter—WoodrowW. Ferguson—W.Wilson Goode—WoodrowWilson Storey—WoodrowW. Bean III
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $100,000 gold certificate, which was issuedin 1934-45 for cash transactions between banks.
		Campaign slogan (1916): "He kept us outof war."
		See alsoNationalGovernors Association biography —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial —OurCampaignscandidate detail —NobelLaureates
		Books about Woodrow Wilson: LouisAuchincloss,WoodrowWilson — Herbert Hoover,TheOrdeal of Woodrow Wilson — James Chace,1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft and Debs : The Election that Changed theCountry — John Milton Cooper,ReconsideringWoodrow Wilson: Progressivism, Internationalism, War, andPeace — A. Scott Berg,Wilson —Mike Resnick, ed.,AlternatePresidents [anthology] — Anne Schraff,WoodrowWilson (for young readers)
		Critical books about Woodrow Wilson:Jim Powell,Wilson'sWar : How Woodrow Wilson's Great Blunder Led to Hitler, Lenin,Stalin, and World War II
		Image source: American Monthly Reviewof Reviews, July 1902

 William Windom (1827-1891) — of Winona,WinonaCounty, Minn.Born inBelmontCounty, Ohio,May 10,1827.Republican.U.S.Representative from Minnesota, 1859-69 (at-large 1859-63, 1stDistrict 1863-69); member ofRepublicanNational Committee from Minnesota, 1866-68;U.S.Senator from Minnesota, 1870-71, 1871-81, 1881-83; candidate forRepublican nomination for President,1880;U.S.Secretary of the Treasury, 1881, 1889-91; died in office 1891.Quaker.Fell dead, fromheartdisease, at theannualbanquet of the New York Board of Trade and Transportation, justafter finishing a speech, in New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.,January29, 1891 (age63 years, 264days).Interment atRockCreek Cemetery, Washington, D.C.

	ThecityofWindom,Minnesota, isnamed forhim.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $2 silver certificate in the 1890s.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —NNDBdossier —Find-A-Gravememorial

Silas Wright Jr. (1795-1847) — of Canton,St.Lawrence County, N.Y.Born in Amherst,HampshireCounty, Mass.,May 24,1795.Democrat.Lawyer;St.Lawrence County Surrogate, 1821-24; member ofNew Yorkstate senate 4th District, 1824-27;U.S.Representative from New York 20th District, 1827-29, 1829-30;New Yorkstate comptroller, 1829-34;U.S.Senator from New York, 1833-44; resigned 1844; candidate forDemocratic nomination for Vice President,1844;Governorof New York, 1845-47; defeated, 1846.Died in Canton,St.Lawrence County, N.Y.,August27, 1847 (age52 years, 95days).Interment atSilasWright Cemetery, Canton, N.Y.; memorial monument atWeybridge Town Center, Weybridge, Vt.

	Relatives: Sonof Silas Wright and Eleanor (Goodale) Wright; second cousin thriceremoved ofHenryMerrill Wolcott; second cousin four times removed ofCharlesEllsworth Goodell; third cousin once removed ofElijahHunt Mills; fourth cousin ofMorrisWoodruff,MartinKeeler,MarshallChapin,WilliamDean Kellogg,JoshuaGrosvenor Abbe andSamuelBadger Abbe; fourth cousin once removed ofTheodoreDwight,OrsamusCook Merrill,TimothyMerrill,GreeneCarrier Bronson,CharlesPhelps Huntington,GeorgeCatlin Woodruff,StephenHiram Keeler,LewisBartholomew Woodruff,EdmundGillett Chapin,WilliamChapman Williston,ZenasFerry Moody,CharlesEdward Phelps,ArthurChapin andJohnWingate Weeks.
		Political family:Merrillfamily of Vermont and New Hampshire (subset of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
		Wright counties inMinn. andMo. arenamed for him;Wright County,Iowa may have been named for him.
		WrightPeak,in the Ardirondack Mountains,EssexCounty, New York, isnamed forhim.
		Coins and currency: Hisportraitappeared on the U.S. $50 gold certificate from the 1880s until1913.
		See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —National GovernorsAssociation biography —Wikipediaarticle —NNDBdossier
		Image source: New York Red Book1896

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"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of apolitical graveyard." Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872

The Political Graveyardis a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries.Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 338,260politicians, living and dead.
	The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President,members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders inall fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; andthe chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifyingmunicipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, forany of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellatejudges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet,diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys,collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of majorfederal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmastersof qualifying communities; (5) state and national political partyofficials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and otherparticipants in national party nominating conventions;(6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nationsbefore 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify",for Political Graveyard purposes, if theyhave at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive ofpredecessor, successor, and merged entities.
	The listings areincomplete; development of the database is a continually ongoing project.
	Information on this page — and on all other pages of thissite — is believed to be accurate, but isnotguaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sourcesbefore relying on any information here.
	The official URL for this page is:https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/coins-currency.html.
	Links to this or any other Political Graveyard pageare welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimeschange as the site develops.
	If you are searching for a specific named individual, try thealphabetical index of politicians.
Copyright notices: (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; seeFeistv. Rural Telephone. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this siteare 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe toconstitutefair use under applicable copyright law. Wherepossible, each image is linked to its online source. However,requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from thissite are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection andarrangement are © 1996-2025 Lawrence Kestenbaum.(4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under aCreative CommonsLicense.
What is a "political graveyard"? SeePoliticalDictionary;UrbanDictionary.
Site information: The Political Graveyard is created and maintained byLawrence Kestenbaum, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address isThe Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106. — This site is hosted byHDLmi.com. —The Political Graveyard opened onJuly 1, 1996; the last full revision was done onFebruary 17, 2025.

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