PoliticalGraveyard.com
| "Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of apolitical graveyard." Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872 |  |
| The Political Graveyardis a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries.Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 338,260politicians, living and dead. | ||
 The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President,members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders inall fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; andthe chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifyingmunicipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, forany of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellatejudges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet,diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys,collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of majorfederal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmastersof qualifying communities; (5) state and national political partyofficials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and otherparticipants in national party nominating conventions;(6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nationsbefore 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify",for Political Graveyard purposes, if theyhave at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive ofpredecessor, successor, and merged entities. | ||
| The listings areincomplete; development of the database is a continually ongoing project. | ||
| Information on this page — and on all other pages of thissite — is believed to be accurate, but isnotguaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sourcesbefore relying on any information here. | ||
| The official URL for this page is:https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1996/MA.html. | ||
| Links to this or any other Political Graveyard pageare welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimeschange as the site develops. | ||
| If you are searching for a specific named individual, try thealphabetical index of politicians. | ||
| Copyright notices: (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; seeFeistv. Rural Telephone. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this siteare 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe toconstitutefair use under applicable copyright law. Wherepossible, each image is linked to its online source. However,requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from thissite are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection andarrangement are © 1996-2025 Lawrence Kestenbaum.(4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under aCreative CommonsLicense. | ||
| What is a "political graveyard"? SeePoliticalDictionary;UrbanDictionary. | ||
| Site information: The Political Graveyard is created and maintained byLawrence Kestenbaum, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address isThe Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106. — This site is hosted byHDLmi.com. —The Political Graveyard opened onJuly 1, 1996; the last full revision was done onFebruary 17, 2025. | ||