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PoliticalGraveyard.com

Politicians who Died in Prison or Captivity

William Duer (1747-1799) — also known as"Philo-Publius" — ofNewYork County, N.Y.Born in Devon,England,March18, 1747.Planter;timber andlumber merchant;delegateto New York state constitutional convention, 1776; member ofNew Yorkstate senate Eastern District, 1777;Delegateto Continental Congress from New York, 1777; member ofNew Yorkstate assembly from New York County, 1785-86; went bankrupt as aresult of the Panic of 1792, and wasimprisonedfordebt.Died, indebtor's prison, New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.,April18, 1799 (age52 years, 31days).Originally entombed atOldSt. Thomas Church, Manhattan, N.Y.; reinterment atTrinityCemetery, Manhattan, N.Y.

Very incomplete list!

in chronological order

Cornelius Harnett (1723-1781) — of North Carolina. Born near Edenton,ChowanCounty, N.C.,April20, 1723.Delegateto Continental Congress from North Carolina, 1777.Captured by the British in January 1781, anddiedas a prisoner, ofdiseasecontracted in captivity, in Wilmington,New HanoverCounty, N.C.,April20, 1781 (age58 years, 0days).Interment atSt.James' Churchyard, Wilmington, N.C.
 
 Harnett County,N.C. is named for him.
 See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage
 
 Relatives: Sonof John Duer and Frances (Frye) Duer; married1779 toCatherine Alexander; father ofWilliamAlexander Duer andJohnDuer (1782-1858); nephew by marriage ofRobertLivingston,PeterVan Brugh Livingston,PhilipLivingston andWilliamLivingston; grandfather ofWilliamDuer (1805-1879) andDenningDuer; first cousin by marriage ofPeterRobert Livingston,WalterLivingston,PhilipPeter Livingston andHenryBrockholst Livingston.
 Political families:Livingston-Duerfamily of New York City, New York;Livingston-Schuylerfamily of New York (subsets of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
 See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —Wikipedia article —Find-A-Gravememorial
 Ira J. Westover (d. 1836) —Delegateto Texas Consultation of 1835 from District of Goliad, 1835;served in the Texas Army during the Texas War of Independence.Following the Battle of Coleto, during theTexasWar of Independence, he was among those taken prisoner by theMexican Army; a few days later, he and almost 400 otherprisoners wereshot todeath, an incident now known as the Goliad Massacre, in Goliad,GoliadCounty, Tex.,March27, 1836.CrematedJoshua Chilton (1818-1862) — ofShannonCounty, Mo.Born inWayneCounty, Tenn.,September28, 1818.Democrat. Member ofMissouristate house of representatives from Shannon County, 1846-55;member ofMissouristate senate 24th District, 1860-61.Member,Freemasons.Arrestedby Union troops as an allegedSouthernsympathizer, and while aprisoner, wasshot andkilled,near Rolla,PhelpsCounty, Mo.,August28, 1862 (age43 years, 334days).Burial location unknown.
 Relatives: Sonof Thomas Boggs Chilton and Susannah (Inman) Chilton; married toElizabeth Chilton; father ofCommodorePerry Chilton; uncle ofShadrachChilton; first cousin twice removed ofJohnSmith; second cousin ofThomasChilton andWilliamParish Chilton; second cousin twice removed ofHoraceGeorge Chilton andArthurBounds Chilton; third cousin once removed ofHowellCobb,HenryRootes Jackson andThomasReade Rootes Cobb; third cousin twice removed ofAndrewJackson Cobb.
 Political families:King-Cobbfamily of Georgia;Cobb-Lumpkinfamily of Athens, Georgia (subsets of theFourThousand Related Politicians).
 See alsoFind-A-Gravememorial
 Thomas Ruffin (1820-1863) — of Goldsboro,WayneCounty, N.C.Born in Louisburg,FranklinCounty, N.C.,September9, 1820.Democrat.U.S.Representative from North Carolina 2nd District, 1853-61;Delegatefrom North Carolina to the Confederate Provisional Congress,1861-62; colonel in the Confederate Army during the Civil War.Slaveowner.Mortallywounded in a cavalry fight before the Battle of Bristoe Station,and diedwhile a prisoner of war, atAlexandria,Va.,October13, 1863 (age43 years, 34days).Intermentaprivate or family graveyard, Franklin County, N.C.
 Relatives:Distant cousin *** ofThomasRuffin (1787-1870).
 Political family:Ruffin-Thomasfamily of North Carolina.
 See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage
 William Magear Tweed (1823-1878) — also known asWilliam M. Tweed;William Marcy Tweed;"Boss Tweed" —of New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.Born in New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.,April 3,1823.Democrat.Chairmaker;firefighter;U.S.Representative from New York 5th District, 1853-55; member ofNew Yorkstate senate 4th District, 1868-73.Scotch-Irishancestry. Member,OddFellows;Freemasons.Convictedofembezzlementandsentencedto twelve years inprison;escaped;capturedin Spain and brought back to New York.Diedin prison, in New York,New YorkCounty, N.Y.,April12, 1878 (age55 years, 9days).Interment atGreen-WoodCemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.
 Relatives: Sonof Richard Tweed and Eliza (Magear) Tweed; married,September18, 1844, to Mary Jane C. Skaden.
 Cross-reference:NoahDavis —CharlesO'Conor —ThomasNast —GeorgeG. Barnard —AlbertCardozo
 See alsocongressionalbiography —Govtrack.uspage —NNDBdossier
 Books about William M. Tweed: SeymourJ. Mandelbaum,BossTweed's New York — Leo Hershkowitz,Tweed'sNew York : another look — Kenneth D. Ackerman,BossTweed: The Rise and Fall of the Corrupt Pol Who Conceived the Soul ofModern New York
 Stanley J. Pacholek (1890-1932) — of Hamtramck,WayneCounty, Mich.Born inPoland,December8, 1890.Undertaker;candidate formayorof Hamtramck, Mich., 1932 (primary), 1932.Polishancestry.Arrestedin April, 1932, fordrunkdriving;died bysuicidein hisjail cell, byhanginghimself with his scarf, in Birmingham,OaklandCounty, Mich.,April19, 1932 (age41 years, 133days).Burial location unknown. Robert E. Manley (c.1866-1941) — ofPhilippines.Born in Rushford,FillmoreCounty, Minn., about 1866.Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War;member of Democratic National Committee from the Philippine Islands,1920-41.Died, in aJapanese prison camp, Naga, Camarines Sur,Philippines,December,1941(ageabout75 years).Burial location unknown. Stephen J. Stilwell (1866-1942) — of Bronx,BronxCounty, N.Y.; Mamaroneck,WestchesterCounty, N.Y.Born in New York,May 10,1866.Democrat.Lawyer;member ofNew Yorkstate senate 21st District, 1909-13; removed 1913;chargedin 1913 withextortingabribeof $3,500 from George H. Kendall, president of the New York Bank Notecompany, over a bill that Kendall supported;tried inthe State Senate and found not guilty on April 15 by a vote of 28 to21;indictedon May 12 by a grand jury forsolicitinga bribe;triedsoon after, andconvictedon May 24; this removed him from office;sentencedto four to eight years inprison;after his release, he moved to Mamaroneck and entered therealestate business;indictedin 1934 on charges that hedefraudedhis former stenographer of $9,000 when she came to him seeking aNaval Academy appointment for her son, but the case did not go totrial;arrestedin March 1941 andindictedin April on charges that he attempted tobribea Mamaroneck village trustee $1,000 to obtain a police job for anassociate;pleadedguilty, but never sentenced; while incarcerated, hislegs wereamputated.Died, while aprisoner awaiting sentence, in GrasslandsHospital,Valhalla,WestchesterCounty, N.Y.,April20, 1942 (age75 years, 345days).Burial location unknown.
 Relatives: Sonof Mary Delia (Archer) Stilwell and William Jewitt Stilwell; married,February14, 1887, to Celia A. Blanck.
 Sydney Smyth (d. 1944) — of Manila,Philippines.Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War;delegate to Democratic National Convention from Philippine Islands,1916(member,Committeeon Rules and Order of Business).Captured when the Japanese invaded the Philippines, and held at theSanto Tomas Interment Camp (University of Santo Tomas, Manila,Philippines). Died, as aprisoner of war, in San LazaroHospital,Manila,Philippines,April6, 1944.Original interment atLaLoma Cemetery, Manila, Philippines; reinterment atBasilicaof Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Quezon City, Philippines.Allison D. GibbsAllison De France Gibbs (1868-1945) — also known asAllison D. Gibbs — Born in Rochester,OlmstedCounty, Minn.,April 3,1868.Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from PhilippineIslands,1920.While aprisoner of the Japanese during World War II, waskilledby Alliedbombing ofthehospitalwhere he was held, in Baguio, Benguet Province,Philippines,March15, 1945 (age76 years, 346days).Cremated;ashes interred atMt.Olivet Columbarium, Colma, Calif.
 Relatives: Sonof Charles W. Gibbs and Albina Stanhope (De France) Gibbs; married1906 to EvaJohnson (daughter ofEliasFinley Johnson andClaraAnnis Smith Johnson).
 Political family:Johnsonfamily of San Francisco, California.
 Image source: U.S. passport application(1918)
 Hyman E. Mintz (c.1909-1966) — also known asBucky Mintz — of South Fallsburg,SullivanCounty, N.Y.Born about 1909. Republican.Lawyer;member ofNew Yorkstate assembly from Sullivan County, 1951-65.Jewish. Member,B'naiB'rith.Indictedin 1965 onbriberycharges;convictedin February 1966, andsentencedto a year inprison.Died, following aheartattack, while serving aprison sentence, in BellevueHospital,Manhattan,New YorkCounty, N.Y.,March25, 1966 (ageabout 57years).Burial location unknown. Byron Low Tax Looper (1964-2013) — also known asByron Anthony Looper — of Cookeville,PutnamCounty, Tenn.Born inPutnamCounty, Tenn.,September15, 1964.Democratic candidate forGeorgiastate house of representatives, 1987; Republican candidate forTennesseestate house of representatives, 1992; Republican candidate forTennesseestate senate, 1998.Changed his middle name from Anthony to Low Tax. He wasindictedin March, 1998, on 14 counts ofofficialmisconduct as Putnam County Tax Assessor. On October 19, 1998, heshotand killedTommyBurks, his opponent for a state senate seat; he wasarrestedsoon after andchargedwithmurder.He lost the November 1998 senate election to Burks' widow, who ran asa write-in candidate with the support of both parties. In August,2000, he wastriedformurder,convicted,andsentencedto life inprisonwithout parole.Died, as aprison inmate, in Morgan County CorrectionalComplex, Wartburg,MorganCounty, Tenn.,June 26,2013 (age48 years, 284days).Burial location unknown.
 Cross-reference:McCrackenPoston
 See alsoFind-A-Gravememorial

"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of apolitical graveyard."
Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872
The Political Graveyard

The Political Graveyardis a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries.Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 338,260politicians, living and dead.
 
 The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President,members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders inall fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; andthe chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifyingmunicipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, forany of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellatejudges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet,diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys,collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of majorfederal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmastersof qualifying communities; (5) state and national political partyofficials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and otherparticipants in national party nominating conventions;(6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nationsbefore 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify",for Political Graveyard purposes, if theyhave at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive ofpredecessor, successor, and merged entities. 
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 Information on this page — and on all other pages of thissite — is believed to be accurate, but isnotguaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sourcesbefore relying on any information here. 
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Copyright notices: (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; seeFeistv. Rural Telephone. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this siteare 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe toconstitutefair use under applicable copyright law. Wherepossible, each image is linked to its online source. However,requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from thissite are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection andarrangement are © 1996-2025 Lawrence Kestenbaum.(4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under aCreative CommonsLicense.
What is a "political graveyard"? SeePoliticalDictionary;UrbanDictionary.
Site information: The Political Graveyard is created and maintained byLawrence Kestenbaum, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address isThe Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106. — This site is hosted byHDLmi.com. —The Political Graveyard opened onJuly 1, 1996; the last full revision was done onFebruary 17, 2025.

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