John Douglas Cockcroft

Edytuj linki

XX wiek	1901:Röntgen 1902:Lorentz,Zeeman 1903:Becquerel,P. Curie,M. Curie 1904:Rayleigh 1905:Lenard 1906:Thomson 1907:Michelson 1908:Lippmann 1909:Marconi,Braun 1910:van der Waals 1911:Wien 1912:Dalén 1913:Kamerlingh Onnes 1914:von Laue 1915:W.L. Bragg,W.H. Bragg 1917:Barkla 1918:Planck 1919:Stark 1920:Guillaume 1921:Einstein 1922:N. Bohr 1923:Millikan 1924:Siegbahn 1925:Franck,Hertz 1926:Perrin 1927:Compton,Wilson 1928:Richardson 1929:de Broglie 1930:Raman 1932:Heisenberg 1933:Schrödinger,Dirac 1935:Chadwick 1936:Hess,Anderson 1937:Davisson,Thomson 1938:Fermi 1939:Lawrence 1943:Stern 1944:Rabi 1945:Pauli 1946:Bridgman 1947:Appleton 1948:Blackett 1949:Yukawa 1950:Powell 1951:Cockcroft,Walton 1952:Bloch,Purcell 1953:Zernike 1954:Born,Bothe 1955:Lamb,Kusch 1956:Shockley,Bardeen,Brattain 1957:Yang,T.D. Lee 1958:Czerenkow,Frank,Tamm 1959:Segrè,Chamberlain 1960:Glaser 1961:Hofstadter,Mössbauer 1962:Landau 1963:Wigner,Goeppert-Mayer,J. Hans D. Jensen 1964:Townes,Basow,Prochorow 1965:Tomonaga,Schwinger,Feynman 1966:Kastler 1967:Bethe 1968:Alvarez 1969:Gell-Mann 1970:Alfvén,Néel 1971:Gabor 1972:Bardeen,Cooper,Schrieffer 1973:Esaki,Giaever,Josephson 1974:Ryle,Hewish 1975:A. Bohr,Mottelson,Rainwater 1976:Richter,Ting 1977:Anderson,Mott,van Vleck 1978:Kapica,Penzias,Wilson 1979:Glashow,Salam,Weinberg 1980:Cronin,Fitch 1981:Bloembergen,Schawlow,Siegbahn 1982:Wilson 1983:Chandrasekhar,Fowler 1984:Rubbia,van der Meer 1985:von Klitzing 1986:Ruska,Binnig,Rohrer 1987:Bednorz,Müller 1988:Lederman,Schwartz,Steinberger 1989:Ramsey,Dehmelt,Paul 1990:Friedman,Kendall,Taylor 1991:de Gennes 1992:Charpak 1993:Hulse,Taylor 1994:Brockhouse,Shull 1995:Perl,Reines 1996:D. Lee,Osheroff,Richardson 1997:Chu,Cohen-Tannoudji,Phillips 1998:Laughlin,Störmer,Tsui 1999:'t Hooft,Veltman 2000:Ałfiorow,Kroemer,Kilby
XXI wiek	2001:Cornell,Ketterle,Wieman 2002:Davis Jr.,Koshiba,Giacconi 2003:Abrikosow,Ginzburg,Leggett 2004:Gross,Politzer,Wilczek 2005:Glauber,Hall,Hänsch 2006:Mather,Smoot 2007:Fert,Grünberg 2008:Nambu,Kobayashi,Maskawa 2009:Kao,Boyle,Smith 2010:Gejm,Nowosiołow 2011:Perlmutter,Schmidt,Riess 2012:Haroche,Wineland 2013:Englert,Higgs 2014:Akasaki,Amano,Nakamura 2015:Kajita,McDonald 2016:Thouless,Haldane,Kosterlitz 2017:Weiss,Barish,Thorne 2018:Ashkin,Mourou,Strickland 2019:Peebles,Mayor,Queloz 2020:Penrose,Genzel,Ghez 2021:Manabe,Hasselmann,Parisi 2022:Aspect,Clauser,Zeilinger 2023:Agostini,Krausz,L’Huillier 2024:Hinton,Hopfield 2025:Clarke,Devoret,Martinis

XX wiek

1901:Röntgen
1902:Lorentz,Zeeman
1903:Becquerel,P. Curie,M. Curie
1904:Rayleigh
1905:Lenard
1906:Thomson
1907:Michelson
1908:Lippmann
1909:Marconi,Braun
1910:van der Waals
1911:Wien
1912:Dalén
1913:Kamerlingh Onnes
1914:von Laue
1915:W.L. Bragg,W.H. Bragg
1917:Barkla
1918:Planck
1919:Stark
1920:Guillaume
1921:Einstein
1922:N. Bohr
1923:Millikan
1924:Siegbahn
1925:Franck,Hertz
1926:Perrin
1927:Compton,Wilson
1928:Richardson
1929:de Broglie
1930:Raman
1932:Heisenberg
1933:Schrödinger,Dirac
1935:Chadwick
1936:Hess,Anderson
1937:Davisson,Thomson
1938:Fermi
1939:Lawrence
1943:Stern
1944:Rabi
1945:Pauli
1946:Bridgman
1947:Appleton
1948:Blackett
1949:Yukawa
1950:Powell
1951:Cockcroft,Walton
1952:Bloch,Purcell
1953:Zernike
1954:Born,Bothe
1955:Lamb,Kusch
1956:Shockley,Bardeen,Brattain
1957:Yang,T.D. Lee
1958:Czerenkow,Frank,Tamm
1959:Segrè,Chamberlain
1960:Glaser
1961:Hofstadter,Mössbauer
1962:Landau
1963:Wigner,Goeppert-Mayer,J. Hans D. Jensen
1964:Townes,Basow,Prochorow
1965:Tomonaga,Schwinger,Feynman
1966:Kastler
1967:Bethe
1968:Alvarez
1969:Gell-Mann
1970:Alfvén,Néel
1971:Gabor
1972:Bardeen,Cooper,Schrieffer
1973:Esaki,Giaever,Josephson
1974:Ryle,Hewish
1975:A. Bohr,Mottelson,Rainwater
1976:Richter,Ting
1977:Anderson,Mott,van Vleck
1978:Kapica,Penzias,Wilson
1979:Glashow,Salam,Weinberg
1980:Cronin,Fitch
1981:Bloembergen,Schawlow,Siegbahn
1982:Wilson
1983:Chandrasekhar,Fowler
1984:Rubbia,van der Meer
1985:von Klitzing
1986:Ruska,Binnig,Rohrer
1987:Bednorz,Müller
1988:Lederman,Schwartz,Steinberger
1989:Ramsey,Dehmelt,Paul
1990:Friedman,Kendall,Taylor
1991:de Gennes
1992:Charpak
1993:Hulse,Taylor
1994:Brockhouse,Shull
1995:Perl,Reines
1996:D. Lee,Osheroff,Richardson
1997:Chu,Cohen-Tannoudji,Phillips
1998:Laughlin,Störmer,Tsui
1999:'t Hooft,Veltman
2000:Ałfiorow,Kroemer,Kilby

XXI wiek

1901–1909	1901:W.E. Ayrton,W.T. Blanford 1902:E.A. Sharpey-Schafer,H. Lamb 1903:D. Gill,H.T. Brown 1904:D. Bruce,W. Burnside 1905:C.S. Sherrington,J.H. Poynting 1906:A.G. Greenhill,D.H. Scott 1907:E.H. Hobson,R.H. Traquair 1908:H. Head,J. Milne 1909:A. Love,R. Ross
1910–1919	1910:F.O. Bower,J. Joly 1911:G. Chrystal,W.M. Bayliss 1912:G.E. Smith,W.M. Hicks 1913:E.H. Starling,H.B. Dixon 1914:E.W. Brown,W.J. Sollas 1915:J. Larmor,W.H. Rivers 1916:H.M. Macdonald,J.S. Haldane 1917:A.S. Woodward,J. Aitken 1918:A. Fowler,F.G. Hopkins 1919:J.H. Jeans,J.B. Farmer
lata 20.	1920:G.H. Hardy,W. Bateson 1921:F.W. Dyson,F. Blackman 1922:C.T.R. Wilson,J. Barcroft 1923:C.G. Martin,W.N. Shaw 1924:D. Clerk,H.H. Dale 1925:A.C. Seward,W.H. Perkin Jr 1926:A.V. Hill,W.B. Hardy 1927:J.C. McLennan,T. Lewis 1928:A.S. Eddington,R. Broom 1929:J.E. Littlewood,R. Muir
lata 30.	1930:J.E. Marr,O.W. Richardson 1931:R. Glazebrook,W.H. Lang 1932:E. Mellanby,R. Robinson 1933:G.I. Taylor,P.P. Laidlaw 1934:E.D. Adrian,S. Chapman 1935:A. Harker,C.G. Darwin 1936:E.S. Goodrich,R.H. Fowler 1937:A.H.R. Buller,N.V. Sidgwick 1938:F.W. Aston,R.A. Fisher 1939:D. Keilin,P.A.M. Dirac
lata 40.	1940:F.H.A. Marshall,P.M.S. Blackett 1941:E. Kennaway,E.A. Milne 1942:W.W.C. Topley,W.N. Haworth 1943:E.B. Bailey,H.S. Jones 1944:C.R. Harington,D. Brunt 1945:E.J. Salisbury,J.D. Bernal 1946:C.D. Darlington,W.L. Bragg 1947:F.M. Burnet,C.N. Hinshelwood 1948:J. Gray,H. Jeffreys 1949:R.A. Peters,G.P. Thomson
lata 50.	1950:C.F.A. Pantin,E.V. Appleton 1951:H. Florey,I. Heilbron 1952:F. Bartlett,C.K. Ingold 1953:P. Fildes,N.F. Mott 1954:H.A. Krebs,J.D. Cockcroft 1955:V. Wigglesworth,A. Todd 1956:O.T. Jones,D.M.C. Hodgkin 1957:F.G. Gregory,W.V.D. Hodge 1958:A.L. Hodgkin,H. Massey 1959:P.B. Medawar,R. Peierls
lata 60.	1960:R. Cameron,B. Lovell 1961:W.L.G. Clark,C.F. Powell 1962:J.C. Eccles,S. Chandrasekhar 1963:H.H. Read,R. Hill 1964:F. Brambell,M.J. Lighthill 1965:H.C. Husband,J.C. Kendrew,R.A. Lyttleton 1966:C. Cockerell,F. Yates,J.A. Ratcliffe 1967:J. Hutchinson,J.Z. Young,C.E. Tilley 1968:G. Roberts,W.T.J. Morgan,M.F. Atiyah 1969:C.W. Oatley,F. Sanger,G.E.R. Deacon
lata 70.	1970:J.F. Baker,W.A.H. Rushton,K.C. Dunham 1971:P.E. Kent,M. Perutz,G. Herzberg 1972:W.B. Lewis,F. Crick,D. Barton 1973:E.P. Abraham,R.R. Porter,M. Ryle 1974:S. Brenner,G. Edwards,F. Hoyle 1975:B. Wallis,D.C. Phillips,E. Bullard 1976:A. Walsh,J.L. Gowans,J.W. Cornforth 1977:J.B. Adams,H.E. Huxley,P. Hirsch 1978:T. Kilburn,R.A. Gregory,A. Salam 1979:V.E. Cosslett,H.W. Kosterlitz,C. Frank
lata 80.	1980:J.P. Wild,H. Harris,D. Wilkinson 1981:R. Riley,M.L. Vogt,G. Wilkinson 1982:C. Milstein,W. Hawthorne,R.H. Dalitz 1983:D.J. Bradley,W.S. Feldberg,J. Kingman 1984:A.L. Cullen,M. Lyon,A. Battersby 1985:J. Argyris,J.B. Gurdon,R. Penrose 1986:E. Ash,R. Doll,R. Richards 1987:G.V.R. Born,E.J. Denton,F. Graham-Smith 1988:H. Barlow,W. Watkins,G. Batchelor 1989:J. Vane,D. Weatherall,J.C. Polanyi
lata 90.	1990:O.C. Zienkiewicz,A. McLaren,M. Berry 1991:J. Mason,M. Berridge,D. McKenzie 1992:D. Tabor,M.A. Epstein,S. Donaldson 1993:R. Hill,H. Barlow,V. Heine 1994:S. Moncada,E. Mansfield,S. Chandrasekhar 1995:D. Metcalf,P. Nurse,R.J. Williams 1996:R. Hinde,J. Heslop-Harrison,A. Wiles 1997:G. Eglinton,J.M. Smith,D.H. Perkins 1998:E. Southern,R. Miledi,D.C. Bradley 1999:J.F. Davidson,P.D. Wall,A. Howie
rok 2000	T. Berners-Lee,G. Burnstock,K.U. Ingold

1901–1909

1910–1919

lata 20.

lata 30.

lata 40.

lata 50.

lata 60.

1960:R. Cameron,B. Lovell
1961:W.L.G. Clark,C.F. Powell
1962:J.C. Eccles,S. Chandrasekhar
1963:H.H. Read,R. Hill
1964:F. Brambell,M.J. Lighthill
1965:H.C. Husband,J.C. Kendrew,R.A. Lyttleton
1966:C. Cockerell,F. Yates,J.A. Ratcliffe
1967:J. Hutchinson,J.Z. Young,C.E. Tilley
1968:G. Roberts,W.T.J. Morgan,M.F. Atiyah
1969:C.W. Oatley,F. Sanger,G.E.R. Deacon

lata 70.

1970:J.F. Baker,W.A.H. Rushton,K.C. Dunham
1971:P.E. Kent,M. Perutz,G. Herzberg
1972:W.B. Lewis,F. Crick,D. Barton
1973:E.P. Abraham,R.R. Porter,M. Ryle
1974:S. Brenner,G. Edwards,F. Hoyle
1975:B. Wallis,D.C. Phillips,E. Bullard
1976:A. Walsh,J.L. Gowans,J.W. Cornforth
1977:J.B. Adams,H.E. Huxley,P. Hirsch
1978:T. Kilburn,R.A. Gregory,A. Salam
1979:V.E. Cosslett,H.W. Kosterlitz,C. Frank

lata 80.

1980:J.P. Wild,H. Harris,D. Wilkinson
1981:R. Riley,M.L. Vogt,G. Wilkinson
1982:C. Milstein,W. Hawthorne,R.H. Dalitz
1983:D.J. Bradley,W.S. Feldberg,J. Kingman
1984:A.L. Cullen,M. Lyon,A. Battersby
1985:J. Argyris,J.B. Gurdon,R. Penrose
1986:E. Ash,R. Doll,R. Richards
1987:G.V.R. Born,E.J. Denton,F. Graham-Smith
1988:H. Barlow,W. Watkins,G. Batchelor
1989:J. Vane,D. Weatherall,J.C. Polanyi

lata 90.

1990:O.C. Zienkiewicz,A. McLaren,M. Berry
1991:J. Mason,M. Berridge,D. McKenzie
1992:D. Tabor,M.A. Epstein,S. Donaldson
1993:R. Hill,H. Barlow,V. Heine
1994:S. Moncada,E. Mansfield,S. Chandrasekhar
1995:D. Metcalf,P. Nurse,R.J. Williams
1996:R. Hinde,J. Heslop-Harrison,A. Wiles
1997:G. Eglinton,J.M. Smith,D.H. Perkins
1998:E. Southern,R. Miledi,D.C. Bradley
1999:J.F. Davidson,P.D. Wall,A. Howie

rok 2000

T. Berners-Lee,G. Burnstock,K.U. Ingold

XX wiek	1902:Joseph John Thomson 1903:Johann Wilhelm Hittorf 1904:Joseph Wilson Swan 1905:Augusto Righi 1906:Hertha Marks Ayrton 1907:Ernest Griffiths 1908:Eugen Goldstein 1909:Richard Glazebrook 1910:John Ambrose Fleming 1911:Charles Thomson Rees Wilson 1912:William Duddell 1913:Alexander Graham Bell 1914:John S. Townsend 1915:Paul Langevin 1916:Elihu Thomson 1917:Charles Glover Barkla 1918:Irving Langmuir 1919:Charles Chree 1920:Owen Willans Richardson 1921:Niels H.D. Bohr 1922:Francis William Aston 1923:Robert Millikan 1925:Frank Edward Smith 1926:Henry Jackson 1927:William Coolidge 1928:Maurice de Broglie 1929:Hans Geiger 1930:Venkata Raman 1931:William Lawrence Bragg 1932:James Chadwick 1933:Edward Victor Appleton 1934:Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn 1935:Clinton Joseph Davisson 1936:Walter Schottky 1937:Ernest Orlando Lawrence 1938:John Douglas Cockcroft i Ernest Walton 1939:George Thomson 1940:Arthur Compton 1941:Nevill Francis Mott 1942:Enrico Fermi 1943:Marcus Laurence Elwin Oliphant 1944:George Ingle Finch 1945:Basil F.J. Schonland 1946:John Turton Randall 1947:Jean Frederick Joliot 1948:Robert Watson-Watt 1949:Cecil Frank Powell 1950:Max Born 1951:Hendrik Anthony Kramers 1952:Philip Ivor Dee 1953:Edward Bullard 1954:Martin Ryle 1955:Harrie S.W. Massey 1956:Frederick Lindemann 1957:Joseph Proudman 1958:Edward Andrade 1959:Alfred Brian Pippard 1960:Joseph Lade Pawsey 1961:Alan Howard Cottrell 1962:Brebis Bleaney 1963:Frederic Calland Williams 1964:Abdus Salam 1965:Denys Wilkinson 1966:Nicholas Kemmer 1967:Kurt Mendelssohn 1968:Freeman Dyson 1969:Nicholas Kurti 1970:David Bates 1971:Robert Hanbury Brown 1972:Brian David Josephson 1973:Peter Hirsch 1974:Peter H. Fowler 1975:Richard Dalitz 1976:Stephen Hawking 1977:Antony Hewish 1978:William Cochran 1979:Robert J.P. Williams 1980:Francis James Farley 1981:Peter Ware Higgs i Tom Kibble 1982:Drummond Matthews i Frederick Vine 1983:John Clive Ward 1984:Roy P. Kerr 1985:Tony Skyrme 1986:Michael Woolfson 1987:Michael Pepper 1988:Archibald Howie i Michael J. Whelan 1989:John Stewart Bell 1990:Thomas George Cowling 1991:Philip Burton Moon 1992:Michael J. Seaton 1993:George Isaak 1994:Robert G. Chambers 1995:David Shoenberg 1996:Amyand David Buckingham 1997:Andrew R. Lang 1998:Raymond Hide 1999:Alexander Boksenberg 2000:Chintamani N.R. Rao
XXI wiek	2001:John Pethica 2002:Alexander Dalgarno 2003:Peter Edwards 2004:John Clarke 2005:Keith Moffatt 2006:Michael J. Kelly 2007:Artur Ekert 2008:Michele Dougherty 2010:Andriej Gejm 2011:Matthew Rosseinsky 2013:Henning Sirringhaus 2015:George Efstathiou 2017:Peter Bruce 2018:James Durrant 2019:Andrew Cooper 2020:Clare Grey 2021:John Irvine 2022:Saiful Islam 2023:Erwin Reisner 2024:Linda Nazar

XX wiek

1902:Joseph John Thomson
1903:Johann Wilhelm Hittorf
1904:Joseph Wilson Swan
1905:Augusto Righi
1906:Hertha Marks Ayrton
1907:Ernest Griffiths
1908:Eugen Goldstein
1909:Richard Glazebrook
1910:John Ambrose Fleming
1911:Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
1912:William Duddell
1913:Alexander Graham Bell
1914:John S. Townsend
1915:Paul Langevin
1916:Elihu Thomson
1917:Charles Glover Barkla
1918:Irving Langmuir
1919:Charles Chree
1920:Owen Willans Richardson
1921:Niels H.D. Bohr
1922:Francis William Aston
1923:Robert Millikan
1925:Frank Edward Smith
1926:Henry Jackson
1927:William Coolidge
1928:Maurice de Broglie
1929:Hans Geiger
1930:Venkata Raman
1931:William Lawrence Bragg
1932:James Chadwick
1933:Edward Victor Appleton
1934:Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn
1935:Clinton Joseph Davisson
1936:Walter Schottky
1937:Ernest Orlando Lawrence
1938:John Douglas Cockcroft i Ernest Walton
1939:George Thomson
1940:Arthur Compton
1941:Nevill Francis Mott
1942:Enrico Fermi
1943:Marcus Laurence Elwin Oliphant
1944:George Ingle Finch
1945:Basil F.J. Schonland
1946:John Turton Randall
1947:Jean Frederick Joliot
1948:Robert Watson-Watt
1949:Cecil Frank Powell
1950:Max Born
1951:Hendrik Anthony Kramers
1952:Philip Ivor Dee
1953:Edward Bullard
1954:Martin Ryle
1955:Harrie S.W. Massey
1956:Frederick Lindemann
1957:Joseph Proudman
1958:Edward Andrade
1959:Alfred Brian Pippard
1960:Joseph Lade Pawsey
1961:Alan Howard Cottrell
1962:Brebis Bleaney
1963:Frederic Calland Williams
1964:Abdus Salam
1965:Denys Wilkinson
1966:Nicholas Kemmer
1967:Kurt Mendelssohn
1968:Freeman Dyson
1969:Nicholas Kurti
1970:David Bates
1971:Robert Hanbury Brown
1972:Brian David Josephson
1973:Peter Hirsch
1974:Peter H. Fowler
1975:Richard Dalitz
1976:Stephen Hawking
1977:Antony Hewish
1978:William Cochran
1979:Robert J.P. Williams
1980:Francis James Farley
1981:Peter Ware Higgs i Tom Kibble
1982:Drummond Matthews i Frederick Vine
1983:John Clive Ward
1984:Roy P. Kerr
1985:Tony Skyrme
1986:Michael Woolfson
1987:Michael Pepper
1988:Archibald Howie i Michael J. Whelan
1989:John Stewart Bell
1990:Thomas George Cowling
1991:Philip Burton Moon
1992:Michael J. Seaton
1993:George Isaak
1994:Robert G. Chambers
1995:David Shoenberg
1996:Amyand David Buckingham
1997:Andrew R. Lang
1998:Raymond Hide
1999:Alexander Boksenberg
2000:Chintamani N.R. Rao

XXI wiek

Movatterモバイル変換

John Douglas Cockcroft

Życiorys

Przypisy

Bibliografia