• Installation
  • Basic installation
  • Python support
  • Platform support
  • Building from source
  • Old versions
• Handbook
  • Overview
  • Tutorial
  • Concepts
  • Appendices
    • Image file formats
    • Text anchors
    • Third-party plugins
    • Writing your own image plugin
    • Decoders
    • Writing your own file codec in C
    • Writing your own file codec in Python
• Reference
  • Image module
  • ImageChops (“channel operations”) module
  • ImageCms module
  • ImageColor module
  • ImageDraw module
  • ImageEnhance module
  • ImageFile module
  • ImageFilter module
  • ImageFont module
  • ImageGrab module
  • ImageMath module
  • ImageMorph module
  • ImageOps module
  • ImagePalette module
  • ImagePath module
  • ImageQt module
  • ImageSequence module
  • ImageShow module
  • ImageStat module
  • ImageText module
  • ImageTk module
  • ImageTransform module
  • ImageWin module (Windows-only)
  • ExifTags module
  • TiffTags module
  • JpegPresets module
  • PSDraw module
  • PixelAccess class
  • features module
  • PIL package (autodoc of remaining modules)
  • Plugin reference
  • Internal reference
    • File handling in Pillow
    • Limits
    • Block allocator
    • Internal modules
    • C extension debugging on Linux, with GBD/Valgrind
    • Arrow support
• Porting
• About
• Release notes
  • 12.0.0 (2025-10-15)
  • 11.3.0 (2025-07-01)
  • 11.2.1 (2025-04-12)
  • 11.1.0 (2025-01-02)
  • 11.0.0 (2024-10-15)
  • 10.4.0 (2024-07-01)
  • 10.3.0 (2024-04-01)
  • 10.2.0 (2024-01-02)
  • 10.1.0 (2023-10-15)
  • 10.0.1 (2023-09-15)
  • 10.0.0 (2023-07-01)
  • 9.5.0 (2023-04-01)
  • 9.4.0 (2023-01-02)
  • 9.3.0 (2022-10-29)
  • 9.2.0 (2022-07-01)
  • 9.1.1 (2022-05-17)
  • 9.1.0 (2022-04-01)
  • 9.0.1 (2022-02-03)
  • 9.0.0 (2022-01-02)
  • 8.4.0 (2021-10-15)
  • 8.3.2 (2021-09-02)
  • 8.3.1 (2021-07-06)
  • 8.3.0 (2021-07-01)
  • 8.2.0 (2021-04-01)
  • 8.1.2 (2021-03-06)
  • 8.1.1 (2021-03-01)
  • 8.1.0 (2021-01-02)
  • 8.0.1 (2020-10-22)
  • 8.0.0 (2020-10-14)
  • 7.2.0 (2020-06-30)
  • 7.1.2 (2020-04-25)
  • 7.1.1 (2020-04-02)
  • 7.1.0 (2020-04-01)
  • 7.0.0 (2020-01-02)
  • 6.2.2 (2020-01-02)
  • 6.2.1 (2019-10-20)
  • 6.2.0 (2019-10-01)
  • 6.1.0 (2019-07-02)
  • 6.0.0 (2019-04-02)
  • 5.4.1 (2019-01-06)
  • 5.4.0 (2019-01-01)
  • 5.3.0 (2018-10-01)
  • 5.2.0 (2018-07-01)
  • 5.1.0 (2018-04-02)
  • 5.0.0 (2018-01-01)
  • 4.3.0 (2017-10-02)
  • 4.2.1 (2017-07-06)
  • 4.2.0 (2017-07-01)
  • 4.1.1 (2017-04-28)
  • 4.1.0 (2017-04-03)
  • 4.0.0 (2017-01-01)
  • 3.4.0 (2016-10-03)
  • 3.3.2 (2016-09-29)
  • 3.3.0 (2016-07-01)
  • 3.2.0 (2016-04-01)
  • 3.1.2 (2016-04-01)
  • 3.1.1 (2016-02-04)
  • 3.1.0 (2016-01-04)
  • 3.0.0 (2015-10-01)
  • 2.8.0 (2015-04-01)
  • 2.7.0 (2014-12-31)
  • 2.6.0 (2014-10-01)
  • 2.5.2 (2014-08-12)
  • 2.3.2 (2014-08-12)
  • 2.3.1 (2014-03-14)
  • Versioning
• Deprecations and removals

from__future__importannotationsimportosTYPE_CHECKING=FalseifTYPE_CHECKING:fromtypingimportAny,NoReturn,TypeGuardfrom._typingimportStrOrBytesPath
[docs]defis_path(f:Any)->TypeGuard[StrOrBytesPath]:returnisinstance(f,(bytes,str,os.PathLike))
[docs]classDeferredError:def__init__(self,ex:BaseException):self.ex=exdef__getattr__(self,elt:str)->NoReturn:raiseself.ex
[docs]@staticmethoddefnew(ex:BaseException)->Any:"""        Creates an object that raises the wrapped exception ``ex`` when used,        and casts it to :py:obj:`~typing.Any` type.        """returnDeferredError(ex)