Movatterモバイル変換

## The Python Imaging Library.# $Id$## standard image operations## History:# 2001-10-20 fl Created# 2001-10-23 fl Added autocontrast operator# 2001-12-18 fl Added Kevin's fit operator# 2004-03-14 fl Fixed potential division by zero in equalize# 2005-05-05 fl Fixed equalize for low number of values## Copyright (c) 2001-2004 by Secret Labs AB# Copyright (c) 2001-2004 by Fredrik Lundh## See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.#from__future__importannotationsimportfunctoolsimportoperatorimportrefromcollections.abcimportSequencefromtypingimportLiteral,Protocol,cast,overloadfrom.importExifTags,Image,ImagePalette## helpersdef_border(border:int|tuple[int,...])->tuple[int,int,int,int]:ifisinstance(border,tuple):iflen(border)==2:left,top=right,bottom=bordereliflen(border)==4:left,top,right,bottom=borderelse:left=top=right=bottom=borderreturnleft,top,right,bottomdef_color(color:str|int|tuple[int,...],mode:str)->int|tuple[int,...]:ifisinstance(color,str):from.importImageColorcolor=ImageColor.getcolor(color,mode)returncolordef_lut(image:Image.Image,lut:list[int])->Image.Image:ifimage.mode=="P":# FIXME: apply to lookup table, not image datamsg="mode P support coming soon"raiseNotImplementedError(msg)elifimage.modein("L","RGB"):ifimage.mode=="RGB"andlen(lut)==256:lut=lut+lut+lutreturnimage.point(lut)else:msg=f"not supported for mode{image.mode}"raiseOSError(msg)## actions

[docs]defautocontrast(image:Image.Image,cutoff:float|tuple[float,float]=0,ignore:int|Sequence[int]|None=None,mask:Image.Image|None=None,preserve_tone:bool=False,)->Image.Image:""" Maximize (normalize) image contrast. This function calculates a histogram of the input image (or mask region), removes ``cutoff`` percent of the lightest and darkest pixels from the histogram, and remaps the image so that the darkest pixel becomes black (0), and the lightest becomes white (255). :param image: The image to process. :param cutoff: The percent to cut off from the histogram on the low and high ends. Either a tuple of (low, high), or a single number for both. :param ignore: The background pixel value (use None for no background). :param mask: Histogram used in contrast operation is computed using pixels within the mask. If no mask is given the entire image is used for histogram computation. :param preserve_tone: Preserve image tone in Photoshop-like style autocontrast. .. versionadded:: 8.2.0 :return: An image. """ifpreserve_tone:histogram=image.convert("L").histogram(mask)else:histogram=image.histogram(mask)lut=[]forlayerinrange(0,len(histogram),256):h=histogram[layer:layer+256]ifignoreisnotNone:# get rid of outliersifisinstance(ignore,int):h[ignore]=0else:forixinignore:h[ix]=0ifcutoff:# cut off pixels from both ends of the histogramifnotisinstance(cutoff,tuple):cutoff=(cutoff,cutoff)# get number of pixelsn=0forixinrange(256):n=n+h[ix]# remove cutoff% pixels from the low endcut=int(n*cutoff[0]//100)forloinrange(256):ifcut>h[lo]:cut=cut-h[lo]h[lo]=0else:h[lo]-=cutcut=0ifcut<=0:break# remove cutoff% samples from the high endcut=int(n*cutoff[1]//100)forhiinrange(255,-1,-1):ifcut>h[hi]:cut=cut-h[hi]h[hi]=0else:h[hi]-=cutcut=0ifcut<=0:break# find lowest/highest samples after preprocessingforloinrange(256):ifh[lo]:breakforhiinrange(255,-1,-1):ifh[hi]:breakifhi<=lo:# don't botherlut.extend(list(range(256)))else:scale=255.0/(hi-lo)offset=-lo*scaleforixinrange(256):ix=int(ix*scale+offset)ifix<0:ix=0elifix>255:ix=255lut.append(ix)return_lut(image,lut)

[docs]defcolorize(image:Image.Image,black:str|tuple[int,...],white:str|tuple[int,...],mid:str|int|tuple[int,...]|None=None,blackpoint:int=0,whitepoint:int=255,midpoint:int=127,)->Image.Image:""" Colorize grayscale image. This function calculates a color wedge which maps all black pixels in the source image to the first color and all white pixels to the second color. If ``mid`` is specified, it uses three-color mapping. The ``black`` and ``white`` arguments should be RGB tuples or color names; optionally you can use three-color mapping by also specifying ``mid``. Mapping positions for any of the colors can be specified (e.g. ``blackpoint``), where these parameters are the integer value corresponding to where the corresponding color should be mapped. These parameters must have logical order, such that ``blackpoint <= midpoint <= whitepoint`` (if ``mid`` is specified). :param image: The image to colorize. :param black: The color to use for black input pixels. :param white: The color to use for white input pixels. :param mid: The color to use for midtone input pixels. :param blackpoint: an int value [0, 255] for the black mapping. :param whitepoint: an int value [0, 255] for the white mapping. :param midpoint: an int value [0, 255] for the midtone mapping. :return: An image. """# Initial assertsassertimage.mode=="L"ifmidisNone:assert0<=blackpoint<=whitepoint<=255else:assert0<=blackpoint<=midpoint<=whitepoint<=255# Define colors from argumentsrgb_black=cast(Sequence[int],_color(black,"RGB"))rgb_white=cast(Sequence[int],_color(white,"RGB"))rgb_mid=cast(Sequence[int],_color(mid,"RGB"))ifmidisnotNoneelseNone# Empty lists for the mappingred=[]green=[]blue=[]# Create the low-end valuesforiinrange(blackpoint):red.append(rgb_black[0])green.append(rgb_black[1])blue.append(rgb_black[2])# Create the mapping (2-color)ifrgb_midisNone:range_map=range(whitepoint-blackpoint)foriinrange_map:red.append(rgb_black[0]+i*(rgb_white[0]-rgb_black[0])//len(range_map))green.append(rgb_black[1]+i*(rgb_white[1]-rgb_black[1])//len(range_map))blue.append(rgb_black[2]+i*(rgb_white[2]-rgb_black[2])//len(range_map))# Create the mapping (3-color)else:range_map1=range(midpoint-blackpoint)range_map2=range(whitepoint-midpoint)foriinrange_map1:red.append(rgb_black[0]+i*(rgb_mid[0]-rgb_black[0])//len(range_map1))green.append(rgb_black[1]+i*(rgb_mid[1]-rgb_black[1])//len(range_map1))blue.append(rgb_black[2]+i*(rgb_mid[2]-rgb_black[2])//len(range_map1))foriinrange_map2:red.append(rgb_mid[0]+i*(rgb_white[0]-rgb_mid[0])//len(range_map2))green.append(rgb_mid[1]+i*(rgb_white[1]-rgb_mid[1])//len(range_map2))blue.append(rgb_mid[2]+i*(rgb_white[2]-rgb_mid[2])//len(range_map2))# Create the high-end valuesforiinrange(256-whitepoint):red.append(rgb_white[0])green.append(rgb_white[1])blue.append(rgb_white[2])# Return converted imageimage=image.convert("RGB")return_lut(image,red+green+blue)

[docs]defcontain(image:Image.Image,size:tuple[int,int],method:int=Image.Resampling.BICUBIC)->Image.Image:""" Returns a resized version of the image, set to the maximum width and height within the requested size, while maintaining the original aspect ratio. :param image: The image to resize. :param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a (width, height) tuple. :param method: Resampling method to use. Default is :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Resampling.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`. :return: An image. """im_ratio=image.width/image.heightdest_ratio=size[0]/size[1]ifim_ratio!=dest_ratio:ifim_ratio>dest_ratio:new_height=round(image.height/image.width*size[0])ifnew_height!=size[1]:size=(size[0],new_height)else:new_width=round(image.width/image.height*size[1])ifnew_width!=size[0]:size=(new_width,size[1])returnimage.resize(size,resample=method)

[docs]defcover(image:Image.Image,size:tuple[int,int],method:int=Image.Resampling.BICUBIC)->Image.Image:""" Returns a resized version of the image, so that the requested size is covered, while maintaining the original aspect ratio. :param image: The image to resize. :param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a (width, height) tuple. :param method: Resampling method to use. Default is :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Resampling.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`. :return: An image. """im_ratio=image.width/image.heightdest_ratio=size[0]/size[1]ifim_ratio!=dest_ratio:ifim_ratio<dest_ratio:new_height=round(image.height/image.width*size[0])ifnew_height!=size[1]:size=(size[0],new_height)else:new_width=round(image.width/image.height*size[1])ifnew_width!=size[0]:size=(new_width,size[1])returnimage.resize(size,resample=method)

[docs]defpad(image:Image.Image,size:tuple[int,int],method:int=Image.Resampling.BICUBIC,color:str|int|tuple[int,...]|None=None,centering:tuple[float,float]=(0.5,0.5),)->Image.Image:""" Returns a resized and padded version of the image, expanded to fill the requested aspect ratio and size. :param image: The image to resize and crop. :param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a (width, height) tuple. :param method: Resampling method to use. Default is :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Resampling.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`. :param color: The background color of the padded image. :param centering: Control the position of the original image within the padded version. (0.5, 0.5) will keep the image centered (0, 0) will keep the image aligned to the top left (1, 1) will keep the image aligned to the bottom right :return: An image. """resized=contain(image,size,method)ifresized.size==size:out=resizedelse:out=Image.new(image.mode,size,color)ifresized.palette:palette=resized.getpalette()ifpaletteisnotNone:out.putpalette(palette)ifresized.width!=size[0]:x=round((size[0]-resized.width)*max(0,min(centering[0],1)))out.paste(resized,(x,0))else:y=round((size[1]-resized.height)*max(0,min(centering[1],1)))out.paste(resized,(0,y))returnout

[docs]defcrop(image:Image.Image,border:int=0)->Image.Image:""" Remove border from image. The same amount of pixels are removed from all four sides. This function works on all image modes. .. seealso:: :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.crop` :param image: The image to crop. :param border: The number of pixels to remove. :return: An image. """left,top,right,bottom=_border(border)returnimage.crop((left,top,image.size[0]-right,image.size[1]-bottom))

[docs]defscale(image:Image.Image,factor:float,resample:int=Image.Resampling.BICUBIC)->Image.Image:""" Returns a rescaled image by a specific factor given in parameter. A factor greater than 1 expands the image, between 0 and 1 contracts the image. :param image: The image to rescale. :param factor: The expansion factor, as a float. :param resample: Resampling method to use. Default is :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Resampling.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`. :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. """iffactor==1:returnimage.copy()eliffactor<=0:msg="the factor must be greater than 0"raiseValueError(msg)else:size=(round(factor*image.width),round(factor*image.height))returnimage.resize(size,resample)

[docs]classSupportsGetMesh(Protocol):""" An object that supports the ``getmesh`` method, taking an image as an argument, and returning a list of tuples. Each tuple contains two tuples, the source box as a tuple of 4 integers, and a tuple of 8 integers for the final quadrilateral, in order of top left, bottom left, bottom right, top right. """defgetmesh(self,image:Image.Image)->list[tuple[tuple[int,int,int,int],tuple[int,int,int,int,int,int,int,int]]]:...

[docs]defdeform(image:Image.Image,deformer:SupportsGetMesh,resample:int=Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,)->Image.Image:""" Deform the image. :param image: The image to deform. :param deformer: A deformer object. Any object that implements a ``getmesh`` method can be used. :param resample: An optional resampling filter. Same values possible as in the PIL.Image.transform function. :return: An image. """returnimage.transform(image.size,Image.Transform.MESH,deformer.getmesh(image),resample)

[docs]defequalize(image:Image.Image,mask:Image.Image|None=None)->Image.Image:""" Equalize the image histogram. This function applies a non-linear mapping to the input image, in order to create a uniform distribution of grayscale values in the output image. :param image: The image to equalize. :param mask: An optional mask. If given, only the pixels selected by the mask are included in the analysis. :return: An image. """ifimage.mode=="P":image=image.convert("RGB")h=image.histogram(mask)lut=[]forbinrange(0,len(h),256):histo=[_ffor_finh[b:b+256]if_f]iflen(histo)<=1:lut.extend(list(range(256)))else:step=(functools.reduce(operator.add,histo)-histo[-1])//255ifnotstep:lut.extend(list(range(256)))else:n=step//2foriinrange(256):lut.append(n//step)n=n+h[i+b]return_lut(image,lut)

[docs]defexpand(image:Image.Image,border:int|tuple[int,...]=0,fill:str|int|tuple[int,...]=0,)->Image.Image:""" Add border to the image :param image: The image to expand. :param border: Border width, in pixels. :param fill: Pixel fill value (a color value). Default is 0 (black). :return: An image. """left,top,right,bottom=_border(border)width=left+image.size[0]+rightheight=top+image.size[1]+bottomcolor=_color(fill,image.mode)ifimage.palette:mode=image.palette.modepalette=ImagePalette.ImagePalette(mode,image.getpalette(mode))ifisinstance(color,tuple)and(len(color)==3orlen(color)==4):color=palette.getcolor(color)else:palette=Noneout=Image.new(image.mode,(width,height),color)ifpalette:out.putpalette(palette.palette,mode)out.paste(image,(left,top))returnout

[docs]deffit(image:Image.Image,size:tuple[int,int],method:int=Image.Resampling.BICUBIC,bleed:float=0.0,centering:tuple[float,float]=(0.5,0.5),)->Image.Image:""" Returns a resized and cropped version of the image, cropped to the requested aspect ratio and size. This function was contributed by Kevin Cazabon. :param image: The image to resize and crop. :param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a (width, height) tuple. :param method: Resampling method to use. Default is :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Resampling.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`. :param bleed: Remove a border around the outside of the image from all four edges. The value is a decimal percentage (use 0.01 for one percent). The default value is 0 (no border). Cannot be greater than or equal to 0.5. :param centering: Control the cropping position. Use (0.5, 0.5) for center cropping (e.g. if cropping the width, take 50% off of the left side, and therefore 50% off the right side). (0.0, 0.0) will crop from the top left corner (i.e. if cropping the width, take all of the crop off of the right side, and if cropping the height, take all of it off the bottom). (1.0, 0.0) will crop from the bottom left corner, etc. (i.e. if cropping the width, take all of the crop off the left side, and if cropping the height take none from the top, and therefore all off the bottom). :return: An image. """# by Kevin Cazabon, Feb 17/2000# kevin@cazabon.com# https://www.cazabon.comcentering_x,centering_y=centeringifnot0.0<=centering_x<=1.0:centering_x=0.5ifnot0.0<=centering_y<=1.0:centering_y=0.5ifnot0.0<=bleed<0.5:bleed=0.0# calculate the area to use for resizing and cropping, subtracting# the 'bleed' around the edges# number of pixels to trim off on Top and Bottom, Left and Rightbleed_pixels=(bleed*image.size[0],bleed*image.size[1])live_size=(image.size[0]-bleed_pixels[0]*2,image.size[1]-bleed_pixels[1]*2,)# calculate the aspect ratio of the live_sizelive_size_ratio=live_size[0]/live_size[1]# calculate the aspect ratio of the output imageoutput_ratio=size[0]/size[1]# figure out if the sides or top/bottom will be cropped offiflive_size_ratio==output_ratio:# live_size is already the needed ratiocrop_width=live_size[0]crop_height=live_size[1]eliflive_size_ratio>=output_ratio:# live_size is wider than what's needed, crop the sidescrop_width=output_ratio*live_size[1]crop_height=live_size[1]else:# live_size is taller than what's needed, crop the top and bottomcrop_width=live_size[0]crop_height=live_size[0]/output_ratio# make the cropcrop_left=bleed_pixels[0]+(live_size[0]-crop_width)*centering_xcrop_top=bleed_pixels[1]+(live_size[1]-crop_height)*centering_ycrop=(crop_left,crop_top,crop_left+crop_width,crop_top+crop_height)# resize the image and return itreturnimage.resize(size,method,box=crop)

[docs]defflip(image:Image.Image)->Image.Image:""" Flip the image vertically (top to bottom). :param image: The image to flip. :return: An image. """returnimage.transpose(Image.Transpose.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)

[docs]defgrayscale(image:Image.Image)->Image.Image:""" Convert the image to grayscale. :param image: The image to convert. :return: An image. """returnimage.convert("L")

[docs]definvert(image:Image.Image)->Image.Image:""" Invert (negate) the image. :param image: The image to invert. :return: An image. """lut=list(range(255,-1,-1))returnimage.point(lut)ifimage.mode=="1"else_lut(image,lut)

[docs]defmirror(image:Image.Image)->Image.Image:""" Flip image horizontally (left to right). :param image: The image to mirror. :return: An image. """returnimage.transpose(Image.Transpose.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)

[docs]defposterize(image:Image.Image,bits:int)->Image.Image:""" Reduce the number of bits for each color channel. :param image: The image to posterize. :param bits: The number of bits to keep for each channel (1-8). :return: An image. """mask=~(2**(8-bits)-1)lut=[i&maskforiinrange(256)]return_lut(image,lut)

[docs]defsolarize(image:Image.Image,threshold:int=128)->Image.Image:""" Invert all pixel values above a threshold. :param image: The image to solarize. :param threshold: All pixels above this grayscale level are inverted. :return: An image. """lut=[]foriinrange(256):ifi<threshold:lut.append(i)else:lut.append(255-i)return_lut(image,lut)

@overloaddefexif_transpose(image:Image.Image,*,in_place:Literal[True])->None:...@overloaddefexif_transpose(image:Image.Image,*,in_place:Literal[False]=False)->Image.Image:...

[docs]defexif_transpose(image:Image.Image,*,in_place:bool=False)->Image.Image|None:""" If an image has an EXIF Orientation tag, other than 1, transpose the image accordingly, and remove the orientation data. :param image: The image to transpose. :param in_place: Boolean. Keyword-only argument. If ``True``, the original image is modified in-place, and ``None`` is returned. If ``False`` (default), a new :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object is returned with the transposition applied. If there is no transposition, a copy of the image will be returned. """image.load()image_exif=image.getexif()orientation=image_exif.get(ExifTags.Base.Orientation,1)method={2:Image.Transpose.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT,3:Image.Transpose.ROTATE_180,4:Image.Transpose.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM,5:Image.Transpose.TRANSPOSE,6:Image.Transpose.ROTATE_270,7:Image.Transpose.TRANSVERSE,8:Image.Transpose.ROTATE_90,}.get(orientation)ifmethodisnotNone:ifin_place:image.im=image.im.transpose(method)image._size=image.im.sizeelse:transposed_image=image.transpose(method)exif_image=imageifin_placeelsetransposed_imageexif=exif_image.getexif()ifExifTags.Base.Orientationinexif:delexif[ExifTags.Base.Orientation]if"exif"inexif_image.info:exif_image.info["exif"]=exif.tobytes()elif"Raw profile type exif"inexif_image.info:exif_image.info["Raw profile type exif"]=exif.tobytes().hex()forkeyin("XML:com.adobe.xmp","xmp"):ifkeyinexif_image.info:forpatternin(r'tiff:Orientation="([0-9])"',r"<tiff:Orientation>([0-9])</tiff:Orientation>",):value=exif_image.info[key]ifisinstance(value,str):value=re.sub(pattern,"",value)elifisinstance(value,tuple):value=tuple(re.sub(pattern.encode(),b"",v)forvinvalue)else:value=re.sub(pattern.encode(),b"",value)exif_image.info[key]=valueifnotin_place:returntransposed_imageelifnotin_place:returnimage.copy()returnNone

Movatterモバイル変換

Source code for PIL.ImageOps