High court.P. N. S.Migration-Citizenship-Whether -2005 -Ethos: Journal of the Society for Psychological Anthropology.details"Case notes." Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory, (198), pp. 35–36.
Constituent power beyond exceptionalism: Irregularmigration, disobedience, and (re-)constitution.Robin Celikates -2018 -Journal of International Political Theory 15 (1):67-81.detailsThis article argues that, far from being a merely defensive act of individual protest, civil disobedience is a much more radical political practice. It is transformative in that it aims at the politicization of questions that are excluded from the political domain and at reconfiguring public space and existing institutions, often in comprehensive ways. Focusing on the reconstitution of the political community also allows us to reconceptualize constituent power. Rather than portraying it as a quasi-mythical force erupting only in extraordinary (...) moments, constituent power can be conceptualized as a dynamic situated within established orders, transgressing their logic and reconfiguring them from within. Civil disobedience as a transformative and potentially comprehensive practice aimed at reconstituting the political order can then be seen as an internal driving force keeping this dialectic in play. A concrete example can be found in protests and border struggles by irregularized migrants. They show how unexp... (shrink)
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We want to help: ethical challenges of medicalmigration and brain waste during a pandemic.Elizabeth Fenton &Kata Chillag -2023 -Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (9):607-610.detailsHealth worker shortages in many countries are reaching crisis levels, exacerbated by factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In New Zealand, the medical specialists union has called for a health workforce emergency to be declared, yet at the same time, many foreign-trained healthcare workers are unable to stay in the country or unable to work. While their health systems differ, countries such as New Zealand, the USA and the UK at least partially rely on international medical graduates (IMGs) to ensure (...) access to health services, particularly in underserved communities. This paper focuses on the challenges faced by many IMGs, particularly those that constrain their capacity to live and work in the countries that rely on their skills. These challenges give rise to two ethical problems. First, they represent a failure of reciprocity towards IMGs; second, they represent a source of harm, both to IMGs themselves and to communities whose healthcare service depends on contributions made by IMGs. We argue that brain waste and disvaluing the contributions of IMGs and other foreign-trained health professionals have significant costs for maintaining a functional healthcare system, costs which must be adequately recognised and counted. (shrink)
Nursingmigration: global treasure hunt or disaster‐in‐the‐making?Mireille Kingma -2001 -Nursing Inquiry 8 (4):205-212.detailsNursingmigration: global treasure hunt or disaster‐in‐the‐making?International nursemigration — moving from one country to another in the search of employment — is the focus of this article. The majority of member states of the World Health Organization report a shortage, maldistribution and misutilisation of nurses. International recruitment has been seen as a solution. The negative effects of internationalmigration on the ‘supplier’ countries may be recognised today but are not effectively addressed.Nursemigration is motivated by (...) the search for professional development, better quality of life and personal safety. Pay and learning opportunities continue to be the most frequently reported incentives for nursemigration, especially by nurses from less‐developed countries. Career opportunities were considered key incentives for nurses emigrating from high‐income countries. Language was reported to be a significant barrier. The positive global economic/social/professional development resulting from internationalmigration needs to be weighed against a substantial ‘brain and skills drain’ experienced by supplier countries. The vulnerable status of migrant nurses is also of concern in certain cases. The focus on short‐term solutions as opposed to resolving the problem of a worldwide shortage of nurses causes great concern. Recent initiatives attempt to curb or channel international recruitment. The delicate balance between recognising the right of individual nurses to migrate and a collective concern for the health of a nation’s population must be achieved. (shrink)
Austrian Economics in America: TheMigration of a Tradition.Karen I. Vaughn -1994 - Cambridge University Press.detailsThis 1994 book examines the development of the ideas of the new Austrian school from its beginnings in Vienna in the 1870s to the present. It focuses primarily in showing how the coherent theme that emerges from the thought of Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek, Ludwig Lachman, Israel Kirzner and a variety of new younger Austrians is an examination of the implications of time and ignorance for economic theory.
How to Combine Openness and Protection? Citizenship,Migration, and Welfare Regimes.Ewald Engelen -2003 -Politics and Society 31 (4):503-536.detailsThe author offers a conceptual investigation of the tension between openness and protection in well-developed welfare states. Because of a combination of demographic tendencies and labor market shortages, a growing number of European welfare states is currently exploring market-led immigration policies. However, the level of protection these welfare states offer seems hard to reconcile with the low threshold markets that are needed to incorporate newcomers. The author argues that the “solution”lies not so much in a clear political choice for either (...) but rather in the coordinated institutionalization of differentiated citizenship rights. The author illustrates this case with examples taken from the Dutch context, claiming further that the particular combination of corporatist welfare arrangements and the tradition of lenient enforcement in the Netherlands provides a “natural”habitat for the kind of regime pluralism that differentiated citizenship requires. (shrink)
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Nursemigration from Zimbabwe: analysis of recent trends and impacts.Abel Chikanda -2005 -Nursing Inquiry 12 (3):162-174.detailsThemigration of nursing professionals from developing countries such as Zimbabwe to industrialised countries is taking place at an alarming rate, with little signs of slowing down. In Africa, nurses form the backbone of the healthcare delivery system and theirmigration has a huge negative impact on health service provision. Drawing on evidence from selected health institutions, the paper shows the magnitude ofmigration of nurses from Zimbabwe. The paper also shows that public to private health sector (...)migration of nurses is occurring at a significant rate. The effects of such movements are examined in detail. For instance, at the health institution level, nursemigration has led to staff shortages, and health institutions located in the disadvantaged areas have been the worst affected. The paper calls for the adoption of an integrated approach in managing and addressing the concerns of the nursing professionals. (shrink)
Migration, Entry Fees, and Stakeholdership.Désirée Lim -2018 -Analyse & Kritik 40 (2):243-260.detailsThe current European ‘migration crisis’ encompasses increasing rates ofmigration and the accompanying failure of migrants, including both economic migrants and refugees, to integrate. In this paper, I focus on a normative analysis of the entry fee immigration system, providing both an internal and external critique. In the internal critique, I take for granted that states are best understood as clubs. However, states seem to share greater similarities with clubs that are too exclusive to allow membership to be (...) purchased. In the external critique, I argue that imposing a substantial entry fee on club membership is impermissible if exclusion from membership deprives non-members of basic rights and interests, even if measures are taken to equalise their ability to pay. The upshot of the internal and external critique, I believe, is that membership ought not to be contingent on the payment of a fee, or more generally, the acceptance of current members. (shrink)
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AssistedMigration, Risks and Scientific Uncertainty, and Ethics: A Comment on Albrecht et al.’s Review Paper.Marko Ahteensuu &Susanna Lehvävirta -2014 -Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 27 (3):471-477.detailsIn response to Albrecht et al.’s (J Agric Environ Ethics 26(4):827–845, 2013) discussion on the ethics of assistedmigration, we emphasize the issues of risk and scientific uncertainty as an inextricable part of a comprehensive ethical evaluation. Insisting on a separation of risk and ethical considerations, although arguably common in many policy contexts, is at best misguided and at worst damaging.
Migration Systems, Pioneer Migrants and the Role of Agency.Oliver Bakewell,Hein De Haas &Agnieszka Kubal -2012 -Journal of Critical Realism 11 (4):413-437.detailsThe notion of amigration system is often invoked but it is rarely clearly defined or conceptualized. De Haas recently provided a powerful critique of the current literature highlighting some important flaws that recur through it. In particular,migration systems tend to be identified as fully formed entities, and there is no theorization as to how they come into being and how they break down. The internal dynamics which drive such changes are not examined. Such critiques of (...) class='Hi'>migration systems relate to wider critiques of the concept of systems in the broader social science literature, where they are often presented as black boxes in which human agency is largely excluded. The challenge is how to theorize system dynamics in which the actions of people at one time contribute to the emergence of systemic linkages at a later time. This article focuses on the genesis ofmigration systems and the notion of pioneermigration. It draws attention both to the role of particular individuals, the pioneers, and also the more general activity of pioneering which is undertaken by many migrants. By disentangling different aspects of agency, it is possible to develop hypotheses about how the emergence of migrations systems is related to the nature of the agency exercised by different pioneers or pioneering activities in different contexts. Content Type Journal Article Category Article Pages 413-437 DOI 10.1558/jcr.v11i4.413 Authors Oliver Bakewell, InternationalMigration Institute, University of Oxford Hein De Haas, InternationalMigration Institute, University of Oxford Agnieszka Kubal, InternationalMigration Institute, University of Oxford Journal Journal of Critical Realism Online ISSN 1572-5138 Print ISSN 1476-7430 Journal Volume Volume 11 Journal Issue Volume 11, Number 4 / 2012. (shrink)
Migration on digital news platforms: Using large-scale digital text analysis and time-series to estimate the effects of socioeconomic data onmigration content.Sandra Simonsen &Christian Baden -forthcoming -Communications.detailsThe way digital news platforms representmigration issues can significantly impact intergroup relations and policymaking. A recurring question in the debate on the role of news platforms is whether they merely transmit information onmigration, or actively hype specific issues. Drawing on a comprehensive set of socioeconomic statistics on migrants in Denmark, and employing a longitudinal automated content analysis ofmigration news content, we utilize time-series analysis to understand how four distinct categories of threat (security, economic, cultural, (...) and generalized) relate to socioeconomic data on terror attacks, migrant crime levels, economic performance, and demographic trends. The results reveal a direct effect of terror attacks, economic performance, and demographic trends onmigration news. We discuss the implications of socioeconomic and demographic developments as factors in digital media content to understand the role of media and substantiate contemporary debates. (shrink)
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The Humanities through the Lens ofMigration: Richard Koebner’s Transition from Germany to Jerusalem.Rivka Feldhay -2017 -Naharaim 11 (1-2):13-23.detailsName der Zeitschrift: Naharaim Jahrgang: 11 Heft: 1-2 Seiten: 13-23.
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Mobility,Migration, and MobileMigration.Anna Milioni -2024 -Philosophy 99 (2):273-303.detailsOur world is mobile. People move, either within the state or from one state to another, to access opportunities, to improve their living conditions, or to start afresh. Yet, we usually assume thatmigration is an exceptional activity that leads to permanent settlement. In this paper, I invite us to reconsider this assumption. First, I analyse several ways in which people experience mobility in contemporary societies. Then, I turn tomigration, as a specific form of mobility. I distinguish (...) between a legal/administrative, a social, and a self-identification-based approach tomigration, demonstrating that they lead to divergent definitions of who is a migrant. I proceed by introducing the concept of mobilemigration and by developing a typology of mobile migrants. I conclude that, in order to devisemigration policies that treat migrants fairly, a careful consideration of the claims and interests of the different types of mobile migrants is necessary. (shrink)
Codes of Ethics, Human Rights and ForcedMigration.Ryan Essex -2021 -American Journal of Bioethics 21 (1):31-33.detailsThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to the largest sudden global change to community life in living memory. Since being declared a pandemic in early 2020, there has been a growing body of evidence that h...
ExecutiveMigration Matters: The Transfer of CSR Profiles Across Organizations.Eonsoo Kim,Jon Jungbien Moon &Bongsun Kim -2022 -Business and Society 61 (1):155-190.detailsThis study investigates whether and how the corporate social responsibility (CSR) profile of a company transfers to another company when an executive leaves a firm. We integrate upper echelon and institutional theories, and develop a novel measure of CSR profiles to explore this issue with a longitudinal data set of executive migrations over a 14-year period. We find that migrated executives assimilate elements of their old firms’ CSR profiles into their new firms (i.e., narrowing the distance between the two firms’ (...) CSR profiles), and this is true for both CSR and corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR). This relationship is stronger when the migrating executive comes from a bigger firm with better social and financial performance than that of the new firm. We also find that the potential for improvement in CSR profiles inmigration holds true for CSiR, but not CSR. Our findings have import for upper echelon theory and the managerial discretion afforded to executives regarding CSR decisions. (shrink)
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Vulnerability, Rights, and Social Deprivation in Temporary LabourMigration.Christine Straehle -2019 -Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 22 (2):297-312.detailsMuch of the debate around temporary foreign worker programs in recent years has focused on full or partial access to rights, and, in particular, on the extent to which liberal democratic states may be justified in restricting rights of membership to those who come and work on their territory. Many accounts of the situation of temporary foreign workers assume that a full set of rights will remedy moral inequities that they suffer in their new homes. I aim to show two (...) things: first, and based on experiences reported by former Live-in-Caregivers in Canada who now have access to the full set of citizenship rights, and German citizens who are descendants of Kurdish guestworkers in Germany, I have proposed that even after gaining citizenship, many of them experience social stigma and a sense of exclusion. Second, I have argued that this neglects a basic need that individuals have, which is to have access to relational resources within society in order to be protected against social deprivation. This need is seemingly immune to be effectively protected through the known catalogue of social, civic and political rights. Instead, I argue that social deprivation needs to be analyzed through the lens of institutional vulnerability to yield an analysis of the moral obligations of liberal democratic states. (shrink)
Introduction to symposium on internationalmigration.Andrew Williams &Thomas Christiano -2022 -Politics, Philosophy and Economics 21 (3):247-248.detailsPolitics, Philosophy & Economics, Volume 21, Issue 3, Page 247-248, August 2022.
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Colonial Cisnationalism: Notes on Empire and Gender in the UK’sMigration Policy.Christopher Griffin -2024 -Engenderings.detailsSince 2023, the UK government's response to the “migrant crisis” has revolved around two controversial flagship policies: the deportation of asylum seekers to Rwanda, and the detention of migrants aboard a giant barge. In this short article, I examine the colonial and gendered dimensions of the two policies, finding them to be examples of the coloniality of gender. What this indicates, I suggest, is that the purpose of these policies is not merely to deter potential migrants—particularly LGBTQIA+ migrants—but also to (...) create a political narrative that allows the Conservative Party to garner right-wing votes by participating in high-profile culture wars; namely, the debate over transgender rights and the debate over how the UK should reckon with its imperial past. (shrink)
After the Backlash: Populism and the Politics and Ethics ofMigration.Stephen Macedo -2020 -The Law and Ethics of Human Rights 14 (2):153-180.detailsIn the U.S., and elsewhere, populism has been democracy’s way of shaking elites up. We can view populism in part as a revolt of the losers, or perceived losers, of globalization. Yet elites have often paid too little heed to the domestic distributive impact of high immigration and globalized trade. Immigration and globalization are also spurring forms of nativism and demagoguery that threaten both democratic deliberation and undermine progressive political coalitions. The challenge now is to find the most reasonable – (...) or least unreasonable – responses to the new politics of resentment: ways that recognize that egalitarian liberalism and social democracy are national projects and preserve progressive political coalitions, while also acknowledging our interconnections, duties, and moral obligations to those beyond our borders. (shrink)
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Acculturation and Naturalization: Insights From Representative and LongitudinalMigration Studies in Germany.Débora B. Maehler,Martin Weinmann &Katja Hanke -2019 -Frontiers in Psychology 10.detailsIn recent years, Western countries have been experiencing a growing wave of immigration. Due to this development, these countries are facing great challenges in successfully integrating large numbers of immigrants and in preserving social cohesion. Research has already developed several assumptions about and models of how acculturation processes occur. The present contribution aims to investigate the relationship between the acculturation (and acculturation profiles) of immigrants and naturalization in their residence countries. Based on representative and longitudinal data, our investigation is a (...) case study on Germany – one of the main receiving countries in recent years. Results show that acculturation in the country of residence is crucial for immigrants’ motivation to take up citizenship. Likewise naturalization leads to an increase in identification with the residence country. (shrink)
Skill‐selection and socioeconomic status: An analysis ofmigration and domestic justice.Michael Ball-Blakely -2022 -Journal of Social Philosophy 53 (4):595-613.detailsIn this paper I present two reasons why generalized skill-selection--a policy whereby skill, education, and economic independence are indefinitely prioritized in immigration decisions--is pro tanto unjust. First, such policies feed into existing biases, exacerbating status harms for low-SES citizens. The claim that we prefer the skilled to the unskilled, the educated to the uneducated, and the financially secure to the insecure is also heard by citizens. And there is considerable overlap between this message and the stereotypes and biases that set (...) their social status. Skill-selection can reinforce these biases, offering state support for the claim that they are less desirable as members of the society. -/- Second, the need for skilled immigrants ordinarily depends upon and reinforces failures of fair equality of opportunity (FEO). According to the dependency thesis, the need for skilled migrants stems from a failure to ensure domestic FEO. Many low-SES residents would desire to work, for example, as doctors or nurses. However, unequal education, as well as poverty and debt, have made such opportunities largely inaccessible. According to the reinforcement thesis, skill-selection disincentivizes the pursuit of FEO. A state that can meet domestic labor needs through less costly immigration policies will be disinclined to pursue programs designed to equalize opportunities for low-SES residents. -/- Generalized skill-selection in high-income countries like the US is, therefore, pro tanto unjust. However, this is not an argument for excluding the skilled. Skilled immigrants can be admitted through other policies—open borders, family-reunification, or a lottery—without the state signaling that the skilled are more desirable or perpetuating failures of FEO. And states can, responding to local emergencies, temporarily select for particular professions without contributing to these injustices. These concerns only arise when skill is generally and indefinitely prioritized. (shrink)
Enforcing Borders in the Nuevo South: Gender andMigration in Williamsburg, Virginia, and the Research Triangle, North Carolina.Jennifer Bickham Mendez &Natalia Deeb-Sossa -2008 -Gender and Society 22 (5):613-638.detailsDrawing from ethnographic research in the Research Triangle of North Carolina and Williamsburg, Virginia, the authors build on Anzaldúa's conceptualization of “borderlands” to analyze how borders of social membership are constructed and enforced in “el Nuevo South.” Our gender analysis reveals that intersecting structural conditions—the labor market, the organization of public space, and the institutional organization of health care and other public services—combine with gendered processes in the home and family to regulate women's participation in community life. Enforcers of borders (...) include institutional actors, mostly women, in social services and clinics who occupy institutional locations that enable them to define who is entitled to public goods and to categorize migrants as undeserving “others.” We reveal how a particularly configured matrix of domination transcends the spheres of home, work, and community to constrain women migrants' physical and economic mobility and personal autonomy and to inhibit their participation in their societies of reception. (shrink)
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The impact of rural–urbanmigration on under-two mortality in india.Rob Stephenson,Zoe Matthews &J. W. Mcdonald -2003 -Journal of Biosocial Science 35 (1):15-31.detailsThis paper examines the impact of ruralurban migrant and non-migrant groups. The selectivity of ruralurban migrants and rural non-migrants. Problems faced by migrants in assimilating into urban societies create mortality differentials between ruralchild mortality. Further research is needed to understand the health care needs of rural–urban migrants in order to inform the provision of appropriate health care.
Justice,Migration, and Mercy.Michael I. Blake -2019 - Oup Usa.detailsHow should we understand the political morality ofmigration? Are travel bans, walls, or carrier sanctions ever morally permissible in a just society? This book offers a new approach to these and related questions. It identifies a particular vision of how we might apply the notion of justice tomigration policy - and an argument in favor of expanding the ethical tools we use, to include not only justice but moral notions such as mercy.
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Migrating across disciplinary boundaries: The case of the periodicity paper of David Raup and John Sepkoski.Dale L. Sullivan -1995 -Social Epistemology 9 (2):151 – 164.details(1995). Migrating across disciplinary boundaries: The case of the periodicity paper of David Raup and John Sepkoski. Social Epistemology: Vol. 9, Boundary Rhetorics and the Work of Interdisciplinarity, pp. 151-164.
Crimmigration and the Ethics ofMigration.José Jorge Mendoza -2020 -Social Philosophy Today 36 (1):49-68.detailsDavid Miller’s defense of a state’s presumptive right to exclude non-refugee immigrants rests on two key distinctions. The first is that immigration controls are “preventative” and not “coercive.” In other words, when a state enforces its immigration policy it does not coerce noncitizens into doing something as much as it prevents them from doing a very specific thing (e.g., not entering or remaining within the state), while leaving other options open. Second, he makes a distinction between “denying” people their human (...) rights and “deterring” people from exercising their human rights. On this view, when those assigned to protect or fulfil human rights are also tasked with performing immigration enforcement duties, undocumented immigrants are not being denied their human rights, even when this deters them from exercising those rights. In this article, I argue that Miller’s two distinctions have an implication that he might not have foreseen. Specifically, I argue that these distinctions provide ideological cover for what has come to be known as “crimmigration” and that we have strong reasons for wanting our theory of immigration justice to reject this, even when doing so leaves open the possibility for an indirect open-borders argument. (shrink)