What is an Emotion? An Early Chinese Perspective from the Xing Zi Ming Chu.WenqingZhao -forthcoming -Philosophy East and West.detailsWhat is an emotion? Recent studies of cultural psychology suggest that there is no universally shared way of drawing the boundaries around the domain of emotion. In early Chinese philosophy, the abstract category of emotion that superordinates joy, anger, and sadness is sometimes identified with the term qing. This paper extracts, crystallizes, and examines the conception of qing from the excavated “Xing Zi Ming Chu” (XZMC) text, the most important philosophical work on emotion from early China. The paper argues that (...) XZMC presents a philosophically profound way of thinking about emotion, focusing on its normative role, cognitive features, and functional plasticity. Moreover, the paper explores how the ancient view offers a critical lens to reassess the prevailing assumption that emotions are first and foremost internal states with phenomenal and/or intentional characteristics. The paper highlights the potential for early Chinese philosophy to enrich contemporary conceptualization of emotion and vice versa, suggesting a more cross-cultural approach to philosophizing the category of emotion. (shrink)
Untying the Influence of Advertisements on Consumers Buying Behavior and Brand Loyalty Through Brand Awareness: The Moderating Role of Perceived Quality.JinZhao,Rehan Sohail Butt,Majid Murad,Farhan Mirza &Mamdouh AbdulAziz Saleh Al-Faryan -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 12.detailsConsumer buying behavior is an important aspect in every marketing strategy to produce maximum output from the market. This study aims to determine how advertisement affects consumer buying behavior and brand loyalty by considering a mediator between brand awareness and the moderating role of perceived quality. For this purpose, this study targets the rising cosmetics industry. This study used the purposive sampling technique to collect data from 300 respondents with the help of an online survey method via Google doc. The (...) partial least squares structural equation modeling PLS-SEM was applied to verify the hypotheses relationships. The findings have confirmed that advertisements substantially predicted brand awareness, brand loyalty, and consumer buying behavior. Furthermore, brand awareness partially mediated the association of advertisement with brand loyalty and consumer buying behavior. Also, perceived quality is significantly moderated on the association of brand awareness with brand loyalty and consumer buying behavior. Based on such findings, this study has contributed to the literature and provided new insights into the practical implications alongside the future roadmap of the survey. (shrink)
What is reflective self-awareness for? Role expectation for situational collaboration in alliance animal society.ShanyangZhao -2018 -Philosophical Psychology 31 (2):187-209.detailsMost research on animal self-awareness focuses on the question of what self-awareness is, however, the present study addresses the question of what self-awareness is for. It is argued that different forms of self-awareness are needed for conspecific collaboration in different types of animal societies. In the order of the increasing level of fluidity in conspecific cooperation, animal societies are divided into three main types: caste society, individualized society, and alliance society. Accordingly, three forms of self-awareness are differentiated: awareness of one’s (...) kinship relations in the caste society, awareness of one’s ranking place in the individualized society, and awareness of one’s situational roles in the alliance society. Unlike the awareness of kinship and ranks, which is genetically or associatively determined, role awareness is a form of reflective self-awareness acquired by taking the perspectives of others for contingent collaboration with conspecifics in transient situations. (shrink)
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Physicians’ Performance in China: A Cross-Level Mediation Model.Haiyun Chu,Binbin Qiang,Jiawei Zhou,Xiaohui Qiu,Xiuxian Yang,Zhengxue Qiao,Xuejia Song,EryingZhao,Depin Cao &Yanjie Yang -2021 -Frontiers in Psychology 12.detailsTransformational leadership has been becoming increasingly vital to the provision of high-quality health care, particularly during major public health emergencies. The present study aims to investigate the impact of transformational leadership on physicians’ performance and explore the cross-level underlying mechanisms with achievement motivations and coping styles among Chinese physicians. During 2017–2019, 1,527 physicians of 101 departments were recruited from six hospitals in China with a cluster random sampling method. Participants completed several questionnaires regarding their job performance, achievement motivations, coping styles, (...) and transformational leadership. Multilevel mediation effects were tested using cross-level path analysis. The result of this study indicated that transformational leadership was applied well in Chinese medical settings with a score of 101.56 ± 6.42. The hierarchical linear model showed that transformational leadership had a cross-level direct positive effect on physicians’ performance. Furthermore, results of cross-level path analyses revealed that transformational leadership contributed to physicians’ performance by sequentially influencing achievement motivations first and then coping styles. In addition, the path “transformational leadership → positive coping style → physicians’ performance” showed the strongest cross-level indirect effect. In summary, public health leaders should enhance physicians’ performance by promoting individual development, especially achievement motivation and PC style. (shrink)
Death by transposition – the enemy within?John M. Sedivy,Jill A. Kreiling,Nicola Neretti,Marco De Cecco,Steven W. Criscione,Jeffrey W. Hofmann,XiaoaiZhao,Takahiro Ito &Abigail L. Peterson -2013 -Bioessays 35 (12):1035-1043.detailsHere we present and develop the hypothesis that the derepression of endogenous retrotransposable elements (RTEs) – “genomic parasites” – is an important and hitherto under‐unexplored molecular aging process that can potentially occur in most tissues. We further envision that the activation and continued presence of retrotransposition contribute to age‐associated tissue degeneration and pathology. Chromatin is a complex and dynamic structure that needs to be maintained in a functional state throughout our lifetime. Studies of diverse species have revealed that chromatin undergoes (...) extensive rearrangements during aging. Cellular senescence, an important component of mammalian aging, has recently been associated with decreased heterochromatinization of normally silenced regions of the genome. These changes lead to the expression of RTEs, culminating in their transposition. RTEs are common in all kingdoms of life, and comprise close to 50% of mammalian genomes. They are tightly controlled, as their activity is highly destabilizing and mutagenic to their resident genomes. (shrink)
Understanding Dao in Methodological Terms.XinkanZhao -2022 -Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 21 (2):197-211.detailsThe notion of dao 道 in the Daodejing 道德經 typically receives either a metaphysical interpretation or a practical one. In this essay, I survey a series of recent interpretations and show that given the gap between the two dimensions, the extant interpretations typically have the problem of attributing ambiguity to the central notion of dao, whether explicitly or implicitly. In light of this, I venture a novel reading according to which the text is interpreted also in practical terms, more specifically (...) in methodological terms, but thoroughly. This requires me to offer a new account for the creative or generative role of dao, now construed as a method. I argue that this reading is at least equally plausible as the ones in circulation by spelling out its central constituents and pointing out its theoretical virtues. In conclusion, I point out certain implications for research, both exegetical and comparative, if we come to accept this novel reading. (shrink)
Understanding the Joint Impacts of Cognitive, Social, and Geographic Proximities on the Performance of Innovation Collaboration Between Knowledge-Intensive Business Services and the Manufacturing Industry: Empirical Evidence From China.TingZhao,Meng Yang,Zhijuan Cao &Xiang Wang -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13.detailsMost previous empirical studies just addressed the influence of geographical proximity on interactive learning regarding the collaboration between knowledge-intensive business service and manufacturing industries. Drawing upon the social cognitive and knowledge-based perspective, this study bridged the research gaps by investigating the joint effects of geographical proximity and two representative non-geographic-proximities in fostering manufacturing firms’ innovation performance. In terms of the empirical analysis, we applied a research sample that involves the data of various manufacturing industries in 260 cities of China from (...) 2003 to 2014 to test the corresponding hypotheses. Additionally, the Spatial Durbin Model was adopted and the research findings showed that: the geographic and social proximity significantly promote the knowledge transfer from KIBS to manufacturing firms, which further improves the innovation performance of the latter. However, the effect of cognitive proximity presents insignificant; the interactive effect of geographic and social proximity was positively associated with the innovation collaboration between KIBS and manufacturing firms; although the individual effect of cognitive proximity was insignificant, when it interacted with geographic or social proximity, the joint effects were proved to promote the innovation performance of manufacturing firms. This study extends our understanding pertaining to the influencing mechanism of proximity for KIBS and the innovation process. The findings proved that geographic and social proximity are two imperative facilitators of knowledge-creating collaboration, highlighting their indispensable role in moderating and mediating the knowledge transfer of KIBS as well as the innovation performance of manufacturing firms. Notably, cognitive proximity is contingent upon geographic and social proximity on its positive effects on the innovation performance for KIBS and their clients’ collaboration. (shrink)
Visual Grouping in Accordance With Utterance Planning Facilitates Speech Production.LimingZhao,Kevin B. Paterson &Xuejun Bai -2018 -Frontiers in Psychology 9:334401.detailsResearch on language production has focused on the process of utterance planning and involved studying the synchronization between visual gaze and the production of sentences that refer to objects in the immediate visual environment. However, it remains unclear how the visual grouping of these objects might influence this process. To shed light on this issue, the present research examined the effects of the visual grouping of objects in a visual display on utterance planning in two experiments. Participants produced utterances of (...) the form “The snail and the necklace are above/below/on the left/right side of the toothbrush” for objects containing these referents (e.g., a snail, a necklace and a toothbrush). These objects were grouped using classic Gestalt principles of color similarity (Experiment 1) and common region (Experiment 2) so that the induced perceptual grouping was congruent or incongruent with the required phrasal organization. The results showed that speech onset latencies were shorter in congruent than incongruent conditions. The findings therefore reveal that the congruency between the visual grouping of referents and the required phrasal organization can influence speech production. Such findings suggest that, when language is produced in a visual context, speakers make use of both visual and linguistic cues to plan utterances. (shrink)
What is effective classroom dialog? A comparative study of classroom dialog in Chinese expert and novice mathematics teachers’ classrooms.WenjunZhao,Jing Ma &Yiming Cao -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13:964967.detailsConducting effective classroom dialog is an important foundation for high-quality classrooms. This study investigates the characteristics of effective classroom dialog from the perspective of Chinese mathematics classrooms. Classroom videotapes from 40 expert and 33 novice teachers were selected from a national project and analyzed through a developed coding framework. Results showed that the dominant types of dialog in expert teachers’ classrooms were related to Basic Knowledge, Construction, Analysis, and Personal Information. Compared to novice teachers, expert teachers’ classrooms have a significantly (...) lower proportion of dialog on Basic Knowledge and significantly higher proportions of dialog on Personal Information and Speculation. Based on expert teachers’ classrooms, the characteristics of effective classroom dialog in the Chinese context were discussed. The analytical framework for classroom dialog developed in this study could be a powerful tool for subsequent research. Suggestions are provided on increasing the effectiveness of classroom dialog. (shrink)
Xian Qin zhu zi jing ji si xiang de sheng tai xue chan shi =.MairuZhao -2010 - Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she.details本书从生态角度对先秦儒家, 道家, 墨家, 《管子》, 法家等各家学派的经济思想进行了梳理和阐释. 书中每一章以先秦某一学派的经济思想为中心围绕着思想根基, 生态因子在各个经济思想领域的具体体现及对当代的启迪展开论述, 尤其是对顺应天时与节气的生产观, 倡导 "知止" 与 "知足" 的节俭消费观, 注重 "和" 因素的以薄稅为中心的赋稅思想和上下兼顾的分配思想这些蕴含在先秦诸子经济思想中的生态因子进行了肯定性分析.
Zhao Dingyang zi xuan ji.DingyangZhao -2000 - Guilin Shi: Guangxi shi fan da xue chu ban she.details本书收录“关于命运的知识”、“从知识眼光到创作眼光”、“一个或所有问题”、“千年观念故事”、“理解20世纪的精神财富”等19篇文章。.
American missionaries transmitting science in early twentieth‐century eastern tibet.Zhao Aidong -2016 -Zygon 51 (1):113-127.detailsThis article is based on the author's extensive research on the missionaries to Tibet from the Disciples of Christ USA, and discusses various missionary efforts to transmit scientific and practical knowledge such as medicine, building, and agriculture in Eastern Tibet from 1904–1919. It shows that American missionaries played a prominent and distinctive role in the dissemination of scientific and practical knowledge as a result of their hard work and wisdom. In this sense, they made an important contribution to the development (...) of Tibetan society and the modernization movement in early twentieth-century Eastern Tibet. (shrink)
‘All-under-Heaven’ (tianxia 天下): between idealism and realism.TingyangZhao 赵汀阳 -2021 -Journal of Global Ethics 17 (1):26-41.detailsAs an idealist form of realism, or realist form of idealism, the system of ‘All-under-Heaven’ seeks to find a rational and optimal solution to the problem of political conflict. Howeve...
Viewing the Value of Contemporary Artistic Work from the Angle of Conceptual Art.Zhao Kuiying -2022 -Rivista di Estetica 79:49-62.detailsConceptual art plays a crucial and continuous role in the generation and development of contemporary art, and thus is also the reference point of contemporary art. Conceptual art is an art centered on ideas, and it is dominated by the use of language. These two characteristics have induced three important tendencies of de-materialization, anti-formalism, and anti-visual aesthetics in contemporary art. It is these three tendencies that have led to a new understanding and evaluation of the value of work or labor (...) in contemporary art. Put briefly, contemporary artists pay more attention to the concept value, process value, and Complex Polysensoriality value of art work, rather than the physical object value, commodity value, and visual aesthetic value in the past. These changes are not only caused by art itself, but also have root and basis in techonology, philosophy, society, and the existing condition of human beings, which raises further questions. (shrink)
Zou xiang ren di shi jian.Yongchang Wang -1991 - Beijing: Jing xiao Xin hua shu dian Beijing fa xing suo.details本书剖析了人创造人的世界的前提和必然性,根据和可能,规律和特点,原则与尺度;批判地考察了人创造人的世界的优点和缺点、欢乐和痛苦以及当代人所面临的困境和出路、危机和希望。.
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A Political World Philosophy in terms of All-under-heaven (Tian-xia).Zhao Tingyang -2009 -Diogenes 56 (1):5-18.detailsThis paper presents an overall view of the Philosophy of Tian-xia, a particular form of neo-universalism developed by its author and very much debated in the last years. The system of Tian-xia, or ‘all-under-heaven’, is a philosophical re-elaboration of an ancient form of Chinese universalism. The world is constituted as a global unity and a basic concept of political philosophy. It aims at a world institution as a way to rethink all problems in the world as problems of the world. (...)Zhao Tingyang has analytically developed this view in some recent publications in Chinese. This article represents the most recent attempt to provide a synthetic view of his philosophy of ‘all-under-heaven’. (shrink)
Can Moral Anti-Realists Theorize?MichaelZhao -2024 -Australasian Journal of Philosophy 102 (3):693-709.detailsCall ‘radical moral theorizing’ the project of developing a moral theory that not only tries to conform to our existing moral judgments, but also manifests various theoretical virtues: consistency, simplicity, explanatory depth, and so on. Many moral philosophers assume that radical moral theorizing does not require any particular metaethical commitments. In this paper, I argue against this assumption. The most natural justification for radical moral theorizing presupposes moral realism, broadly construed; in contrast, there may be no justification for radical moral (...) theorizing if moral anti-realism is true. (shrink)
Complexity Computer Simulation in the Study of the Overall Playing Method of Campus Football.Zhao Dai -2021 -Complexity 2021:1-9.detailsWith the mutual exchange and integration of world football, modern football is in an increasingly comprehensive direction. This research mainly discusses complexity computer simulation in the study of the overall play of campus football. Complexity computer simulation is used to design the background of the simulated football field, and the area is divided according to the size ratio of the actual football field. Then, it uses drawing software to draw the football and player controls. The construction of the knowledge base (...) of this paper is mainly combined with the functional modules of rapid formation and response tactics. In the fast formation function, the required formation can be quickly given through football experience and knowledge rules. In the applied tactics function, for the responsibilities of forwards, midfielders, defenders, and other roles, the tactics implemented are given, including partially coordinated offensive and defensive tactics, personal offensive and defensive tactics, and set-ball tactics. The “holistic play” football tactics studied in this paper use XML files as recording and playback data, which not only greatly reduce the amount of file data but also make the operation of XML files intuitive and simple. XML can not only realize the recording and playback of player and football track but also be used in the function of rapid formation. The coach uses the “holistic play” football tactics simulation to demonstrate the movement route through the image, guide the players in each position to perceive the game scene by observing the movement route, and analyze and judge the tactical coordination of their respective positions. The computer simulation tactical analysis of the precision of the passing and running and the path coefficient of the passing factor is 0.606 and 0.59, respectively. This research helps to provide guidance on the overall playing tactics of football. (shrink)
On Relativizing the Sensitivity Condition to Belief-Formation Methods.BinZhao -2024 -American Philosophical Quarterly 61 (2):165-175.detailsAccording to the sensitivity account of knowledge, S knows that p only if S's belief in p is sensitive in the sense that S would not believe that p if p were false. It is widely accepted that the sensitivity condition should be relativized to belief-formation methods to avoid putative counterexamples. A remaining issue for the account is how belief-formation methods should be individuated. In this paper, I argue that while a coarse-grained individuation is still susceptible to counterexamples, a fine-grained (...) individuation makes the target belief trivially insensitive. Therefore, there is no principled way of individuating belief-formation methods that helps the sensitivity account to accommodate different cases. (shrink)
Aristotle and Xunzi on shame, moral education, and the good life.Jingyi JennyZhao -2024 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press.detailsAristotle and Xunzi on Shame, Moral Education and the Good Life is the first major work that takes two philosophers from the ancient Greek and early Chinese traditions to stimulate discussion of an interdisciplinary nature on the rich and complex topic of the emotions, in particular shame. It features sophisticated comparative analysis of the Greek and Chinese texts while bringing the ancient materials to bear on modern controversies such as the role of shame in moral education and social cohesion. Despite (...) fundamental differences in their social-historical and intellectual backgrounds, Aristotle and Xunzi bear striking similarities in several respects: their concept of humans as essentially members of communities, as having a unique set of characteristics that set them apart from other living things, and as beings in need of moral training to fulfil their potential and become integrated into a well-ordered society. The two philosophers' discourses on shame reveal important insights into their ideals of human nature, moral education and the good life. This book tackles directly the methodological problems that are relevant to anyone interested in cross-cultural comparisons and organises discussion of the ancient sources in such a way as to facilitate a thorough integration of perspectives from the cultural traditions concerned. This approach provides sufficient focus to allow for detailed textual analysis while giving scope for making constant connections to the broader comparative questions at issue. (shrink)
18 International Justice and the Limit of Public Reason.Zhao Dunhua -2016 -Yearbook for Eastern and Western Philosophy 2016 (1):230-242.detailsThe issue of international justice is both theoretical and practical. Being involved difficulties in both perspectives, this issue became one of major problems in public debates between liberalism and conservatism, the Right and the Left, globalization and nationalism, modernity and traditionalism, democratic and centralist claims, etc. This paper wants to clarify key conceptions involved, such as “private” and “public”, “society” and “state”, “global” and “universal”, “ideology” and “management”.
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