A scoping review of human genetic resources management policies and databases in high- and middle-low-income countries.Hongwei Liu,Yin Liu,Yanyan Zhao,Yingqi Ma,QiongChen,Huifang Xu,Xiaoyang Wang,Xiaoli Guo,Hong Wang,ZelongChen,Shaokai Zhang &Binbin Han -2025 -BMC Medical Ethics 26 (1):1-15.detailsThis review examines global human genetic resources management, focusing on genetic data policies and repositories in high- and middle-low-income countries. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases, including official government websites and Google, to gather relevant literature on human genetic resources management policies and genetic resource databases. Documents were screened for relevance, focusing on high-income countries (United States, United Kingdom, Japan) and middle-low-income countries (China, India, Kenya). Data were extracted, coded, and analyzed to identify common themes and differences (...) in genetic resource management practices. High-income countries benefit from robust legal frameworks and advanced technological infrastructures. The United States enforces the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act to protect privacy and facilitate data sharing, while Japan relies on the Act on the Protection of Personal Information and ethical guidelines. Additionally, high-income countries host a variety of genetic databases and biobanks that support scientific research. In contrast, middle-low-income countries like China, India, and Kenya are still developing their frameworks. China has regulations such as the Biosecurity Law and the Regulations on the Management of Human Genetic Resources, but still requires more unified standards. India’s policies focus on genetic research and data protection through the Biological Diversity Act, while Kenya seeks to improve data management through the 2019 Data Protection Act. Significant disparities exist in human genetic resources management between high-income and middle-low-income countries. High-income countries have robust systems balancing privacy protection with research facilitation, supported by comprehensive and large-scale databases for scientific research. Middle-low-income countries need to enhance legal frameworks and build population-specific databases. Promoting equitable data sharing and adopting best practices from high-income countries are essential for advancing global scientific discovery and ensuring fair management of genetic resources. (shrink)
Origin and early evolution of the vertebrates: New insights from advances in molecular biology, anatomy, and palaeontology.Nicholas D. Holland &JunyuanChen -2001 -Bioessays 23 (2):142-151.detailsRecent advances in molecular biology and microanatomy have supported homologies of body parts between vertebrates and extant invertebrate chordates, thus providing insights into the body plan of the proximate ancestor of the vertebrates. For example, this ancestor probably had a relatively complex brain and a precursor of definitive neural crest. Additional insights into early vertebrate evolution have come from recent discoveries of Lower Cambrian soft body fossils of Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia (almost certainly vertebrates, possibly related to modern lampreys) and Yunnanozoon (...) and Haikouella (evidently stem-group vertebrates). The earliest vertebrates had an unequivocally marine origin, probably evolved mineralised pharyngeal denticles before the dermal skeleton, and evidently utilised elastic recoil of the visceral arch skeleton for suction feeding. Moreover, the new data emphasise that the advent of definitive neural crest was supremely important for the evolutionary origin of the vertebrates. BioEssays 23:142–151, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (shrink)
Tips: The Child Voice.Mary Goetze,Terrence Bacon,Kristen Bugos,Shelley Cooper,Diana Dansereau,Elisabeth Etopio,Heather Gravelle,LilyChen-Haftek,Deborah Hickel,Christina Hornbach,Yi-Ting Huang,James Jordan,Jooyoung Lee,Yu-Chen Lin,Sheryl May,Jennifer McDonel,Diane Persellin,Cynthia Lahr Timm,Lawrence Timm,Susan Waters,Wendy Valerio &Paula Van Houten (eds.) -2010 - R&L Education.detailsPacked with ideas designed to help children learn to sing, this booklet offers criteria for selecting songs, strategies to bring out the best in children's voices, and suggestions for games, ideas, and resources.
Ethics and Economics: Growing Opportunities for Joint Research.LaRue Tone Hosmer &FengChen -2001 -Business Ethics Quarterly 11 (4):599-622.detailsA group of economists has recently begun addressing questions at the intersection of ethics and economics. They are preparing new definitions of individual choice that combine self-interest and other-interest, new processes of interpersonal exchange that result in cooperation rather than conflict, and new measures of social well-being that include rights as well as outcomes. This article surveys that work, and suggests areas where conceptual inputs from business ethicists are clearly needed, and where multiple opportunities for interactive research are obviously present.
Social values as an independent factor affecting end of life medical decision making.Charles J. Cohen,YifatChen,Hedi Orbach,Yossi Freier-Dror,Gail Auslander &Gabriel S. Breuer -2015 -Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 18 (1):71-80.detailsResearch shows that the physician’s personal attributes and social characteristics have a strong association with their end-of-life decision making. Despite efforts to increase patient, family and surrogate input into EOL decision making, research shows the physician’s input to be dominant. Our research finds that physician’s social values, independent of religiosity, have a significant association with physician’s tendency to withhold or withdraw life sustaining, EOL treatments. It is suggested that physicians employ personal social values in their EOL medical coping, because they (...) have to cope with existential dilemmas posed by the mystery of death, and left unresolved by medical decision making mechanisms such as advanced directives and hospital ethics committees. (shrink)
Planar cell polarity signaling in vertebrates.Chonnettia Jones &PingChen -2007 -Bioessays 29 (2):120-132.detailsPlanar cell polarity (PCP) refers to the polarization of a field of cells within the plane of a cell sheet. This form of polarization is required for diverse cellular processes in vertebrates, including convergent extension (CE), the establishment of PCP in epithelial tissues and ciliogenesis. Perhaps the most distinct example of vertebrate PCP is the uniform orientation of stereociliary bundles at the apices of sensory hair cells in the mammalian auditory sensory organ. The establishment of PCP in the mammalian cochlea (...) occurs concurrently with CE in this ciliated epithelium, therefore linking three cellular processes regulated by the vertebrate PCP pathway in the same tissue and emerging as a model system for dissecting PCP signaling. This review summarizes the morphogenesis of this model system to assist the interpretation of the emerging data and proposes molecular mechanisms underlying PCP signaling in vertebrates. BioEssays 29: 120–132, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)
Individual and Collective Contributions Toward Humaneness in Our Time.Van James Patten,George C. Stone &GeChen -1997 - Upa.detailsThis book offers an examination of volunteerism, philanthropy, and people-centered caring behaviors both individually and collectively. It discusses the positive contributions of individuals and a corporate capitalistic society through a variety of forms which help others meet their social and economic needs.
A comparative study of BR and BR 2049 from Zizekian subjectivity.ZhiangChen -2020 -International Journal of Žižek Studies 14 (1).detailsThis article analyses and compares the classical science fiction film Blade Runner and its recent sequel Blade Runner 2049 from the perspective of Zizek's subjectivity theory. Through Zizek's tracing and weaving the concept of subjectivity from Descartes' radical doubt to metaphysical subject and then death drive in Lacanian psychoanalysis, it will argue that the principle concern of this film is the issue of subjectivity, and while carefully scrutinizing replicants in the films with the multi-faceted conception of Zizekian subject, a detailed (...) comparison between these two films could be accomplished. Subsequently, by analyzing from the genre, namely noir and cyberpunk, it will point out the world delineated in both film is a claustrophobic and paranoid one, as well as a postmodern multicultural world. The denizens of this world lead a machine-like and unreflecting life due to the decline of the Big Other. Finally, by associating subjectivity with death drive, the ultimate significance of subjectivity is revealed as a weapon to antagonize the repressing symbolic order and redeem our world from an apocalyptic future presaged in the films. (shrink)
Hu lian wang shi dai Zhongguo yi shi xing tai an quan wen ti yan jiu =.ZhongkuiChen -2019 - Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she.details本書以習近平關於意識形態安全問題的一系列重要論述為指導,按照從一般到特殊、從理論到現實的邏輯脈絡,以理論闡述為基礎,以現實問題為參照,準確界定意識形態安全概念,重點把握國家意識形態安全風險演變特點,全 面分析互聯網時代影響中國意識形態安全的複雜因素,提出牢牢掌握互聯網時代維護中國意識形態安全戰略主動權的對策措施,試圖建構研究互聯網時代中國意識形態安全問題的完整理論框架,具有一定理論價值和現實意義。.
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Ke ji yi hua yu ke xue fa zhan guan: xian dai ke ji de kun jing yu chu lu yan jiu.CuifangChen -2007 - Beijing: Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she.details本书在阐明科技异化内涵的基础上,追溯了科技异化的历史,从社会制度、利益矛盾、现代性等角度分析科技异化产生的根源,并探讨了消除科技异化的具体途径。.
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Makesi zhu yi jun shi zhe xue shi.HongyouChen &Xiangshu Li (eds.) -1993 - [Beijing]: Xin hua shu dian Beijing fa xing suo jing xiao.detailsBen shu miao shu le ma ke si zhu yi jun shi zhe xue yan jin de guo cheng ji qi ji ben si xiang xian suo.
Nam mkhaʾi snaṅ tshul ṅo mtshar can.TianchangChen -1984 - Pe-cin: Mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ.detailsOn different aspects of natural sciences.
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