Results for 'Yoann Loir'
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- Poème allégorique du Capital: Baudelaire chez Benjamin.YoannLoir -2023 - Paris: Éditions Kimé.Depuis ses traductions de jeunesse jusqu'aux dernières recherches de l'exil parisien, Walter Benjamin a reconnu dans l'œuvre poétique de Baudelaire une "clé confectionnée sans la moindre idée de la serrure où un jour elle pourrait être introduite". Laissé en plan au moment de sa mort, le Baudelaire porte la trace de la convergence des motifs extrêmes de sa philosophie, l'allégorie et le fétichisme de la marchandise. En montrant que la production lyrique s'approprie l'aura de la marchandise, transformée en objet poétique (...) avant même que ces "lubies théologiques" ne tombent sous l'exil de Marx, Benjamin a voulu défricher la charge politique du magasin de signes et d'images des Fleurs du mal. Par un geste parent du tikkun, du kintsugi ou de la correspondance baudelairienne, le présent ouvrage rouvre les manuscrits parisiens de Benjamin oubliés pendant près d'un demi-siècle pour restituer ce qu'aura été ce livre inachevé, cette immense compilation de fragments où s'éclairent les ambiguïtés constitutives de l'énigme de notre modernité. Il trace ainsi les grands axes d'un poème du Capital qui acte le cours catastrophique de l'histoire sans renoncer à sonder ses suites et ses floraisons inespérées."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)No categories
- Ethical Risk Management Education in Engineering: A Systematic Review.Yoann Guntzburger,Thierry C. Pauchant &Philippe A. Tanguy -2017 -Science and Engineering Ethics 23 (2):323-350.Risk management is certainly one of the most important professional responsibilities of an engineer. As such, this activity needs to be combined with complex ethical reflections, and this requirement should therefore be explicitly integrated in engineering education. In this article, we analyse how this nexus between ethics and risk management is expressed in the engineering education research literature. It was done by reviewing 135 articles published between 1980 and March 1, 2016. These articles have been selected from 21 major journals (...) that specialize in engineering education, engineering ethics and ethics education. Our review suggests that risk management is mostly used as an anecdote or an example when addressing ethics issues in engineering education. Further, it is perceived as an ethical duty or requirement, achieved through rational and technical methods. However, a small number of publications do offer some critical analyses of ethics education in engineering and their implications for ethical risk and safety management. Therefore, we argue in this article that the link between risk management and ethics should be further developed in engineering education in order to promote the progressive change toward more socially and environmentally responsible engineering practices. Several research trends and issues are also identified and discussed in order to support the engineering education community in this project. (shrink)
- Levinas’s Influence on Svetlana Alexievitch’s Writing.Yoann Colin -2020 -Les Cahiers Philosophiques de Strasbourg 47:231-251.Cet article pointe certains rapprochements entre la pensée d’Emmanuel Levinas et celle de Svetlana Alexievitch, à qui fut décerné le prix Nobel de littérature en 2015, et tout particulièrement à mettre au jour leur hostilité à l’histoire entendue comme histoire officielle des vainqueurs et la « résistance éthique », au sens que Levinas donne à cette expression, c’est-à-dire à l’immense difficulté pour un être humain d’en tuer un autre, quelles que soient les conditions dans lesquelles s’effectue cet acte.No categories
- Note : Deleuze Et Les Sciences de L’Éducation.Yoann Barthod Malat -2016 -Philosophique 19.L’œuvre deleuzienne ne traite pas directement de l’éducation, pourtant sa pensée semble parfaitement transposable aux sciences de l’éducation puisqu’elle remet fondamentalement en cause l’idée de transmission, l’idée du maitre détenteur d’un savoir absolu, du vrai comme produit d’une transcendance mystique. Si la notion d’éducation n’est pas un objet deleuzien, il est possible de la faire émerger en tirant les implications de la pensée de ce dernier en matière d’éducation, travail entrepris...No categories
- The added value of affective processes for models of human cognition and learning.Yoann Stussi,Daniel Dukes &David Sander -2024 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e165.Building on the affectivism approach, we expand on Binz et al.'s meta-learning research program by highlighting that emotion and other affective phenomena should be key to the modeling of human learning. We illustrate the added value of affective processes for models of learning across multiple domains with a focus on reinforcement learning, knowledge acquisition, and social learning.
- Empowering Engineering Students in Ethical Risk Management: An Experimental Study.Yoann Guntzburger,Thierry C. Pauchant &Philippe A. Tanguy -2019 -Science and Engineering Ethics 25 (3):911-937.The complexity of industrial reality, the plurality of legitimate perspectives on risks and the role of emotions in decision-making raise important ethical issues in risk management that are usually overlooked in engineering. Using a questionnaire answered by 200 engineering students from a major engineering school in Canada, the purpose of this study was to assess how their training has influenced their perceptions toward these issues. While our results challenge the stereotypical portrait of the engineer, they also suggest that the current (...) engineering education might fail to empower engineers to engage in ethical risk management. We therefore propose an active-learning method to help in this matter. Carried out through workshops with 34 students in chemical engineering, the effectiveness of this method has been evaluated using group interviews and questionnaires. Our results suggest that such an approach is effective, at least in the short run, to motivate students to engage in ethical risk management and to trigger reflectivity on what it means to be an engineer today. (shrink)
- Assisted suicide for prisoners: An ethical and legal analysis from the Swiss context.Yoann Della Croce -2022 -Bioethics 36 (4):381-387.Bioethics, Volume 36, Issue 4, Page 381-387, May 2022.
- Comprendre Pourquoi J’Agis.Yoann Malinge -forthcoming -Journal of Ancient Philosophy:256-267.No categories
- Participer à un groupe selon Sartre.Yoann Malinge -2022 -Archives de Philosophie 85 (2):153-170.Résumé Nous interrogeons la participation d’un individu à un collectif dans la pensée de Sartre. Bien qu’ils agissent de la même manière, les agents n’ont pas toujours conscience qu’ils participent à un collectif ou bien telle n’est pas leur intention. Il faut alors se demander à quelles conditions l’action des agents peut devenir commune. Pour traiter ces perspectives, l’article étudie la série avant d’expliquer comment elle peut devenir un véritable groupe. Ainsi, il est possible de montrer l’originalité de la pensée (...) sartrienne, comme forme d’individualisme qui met l’action au principe de la constitution du groupe. (shrink)
- Le son, le sens, la stupeur.Yoann Moreau -2015 -Multitudes 60 (3):94-100.Aux aléas de la vie répondent des accidents de la respiration. Interjections et onomatopées constituent en effet les premières formes d’expression de ce qui fait événement. À mi-chemin entre le son brut et le langage, elles permettent – c’est notre hypothèse – de signer ce qui n’est pas qualifiable et pensable. Ce faisant, elles ont une « vertu thérapeutique » qui consiste à exprimer que quelque chose arrive alors même que ce qui arrive tend à sidérer. L’usage des onomatopées peut (...) alors être envisagé comme une « option culturelle » de la prise en charge des catastrophes, ce que nous étudions au travers du champ d’expression japonais. (shrink)
- Uncovering the In Vivo Proxisome Using Proximity‐Tagging Methods.Yoann G. Santin -2019 -Bioessays 41 (12):1900131.The development of new approaches is critical to gain further insights into biological processes that cannot be obtained by existing methods or technologies. The detection of protein–protein interaction is often challenging, especially for weak and transient interactions or for membrane proteins. Over the last decade, several proximity‐tagging methodologies have been developed to explore protein interactions in living cells. Among those, the most efficient are based on protein partner modification, such as biotinylation or pupylation. Such technologies are based on engineered variants (...) of enzymes like peroxidases or ligases that release reactive molecules, in the presence of specific substrates, that bind surrounding proteins. Fusing a protein of interest (POI) to these enzymes allows the definition of an unbiased “proxisome,” that is, all of the proteins in interaction or in close vicinity of the POI. Here, the different proximity‐labeling tools available are described and comprehensive comparison to discuss advantages and limitations is provided. (shrink)
- L’action et l’aliénation des femmes selon Beauvoir.Yoann Malinge -2024 -Archives de Philosophie 87 (4):119-137.Il s’agit dans cet article d’éclairer la méthode et la philosophie de Simone de Beauvoir pour comprendre l’aliénation et l’action des femmes. Dans un premier temps, l’article met au jour sa méthode généalogique pour comprendre comment « la femme » a pu être considérée comme « l’Autre » de l’homme. Puis, il s’agit de montrer comment Beauvoir déplace la thèse sartrienne de la liberté en situation pour critiquer l’aliénation et la domination subies par les femmes. Enfin, cet article étudie les (...) solutions qu’elle propose pour la libération des femmes. (shrink)
- Against commercial‐assisted suicide.Yoann Della Croce -2023 -Bioethics 37 (7):617-623.The idea of commercial‐assisted suicide lives a marginal existence in the bioethical literature, despite its significant presence in popular culture. The practice of commercial‐assisted suicide (CAS) is defined as suicide assistance performed for a financial reward through a contractual agreement between a customer and a service‐provider, who does not necessarily need to be a medical professional. While CAS does indeed offer some potential solutions regarding the moral controversies surrounding physician‐assisted suicide (PAS), I defend the idea that adopting it as policy (...) ultimately proves morally indefensible and practically inefficient. This is due to the fact that the commodification of a given good necessarily implies the creation of a market of said good; as such, what I propose in this paper is a moral and practical evaluation of a market of CAS. In order to do so, I first examine the arguments in favor of CAS as put forward by Roland Kipke, who argues that any liberal defense of PAS necessarily implies a defense of CAS. In the first section, I argue against this idea using the liberal values of autonomy and equality of opportunity. In the second section of the paper, I argue that a market of CAS would be gravely dysfunctional due to one particular characteristic of death, namely, that is not compensable ex post. I conclude by arguing that while the practice of CAS may not prove morally problematic, the inevitable market that it will create should it be legalized most certainly will. (shrink)
- J. Suikkanen, Contractualism.Yoann Della Croce -2022 -Journal of Moral Philosophy 19 (2):213-216.
- Conceptualizing a Bioethics of the Oppressed: Oppression, Structure, and Inclusion.Yoann Della Croce -2020 -American Journal of Bioethics 20 (10):42-44.Volume 20, Issue 10, October 2020, Page 42-44.
- On Dichotomies in Mental Health and Neuroethics.Yoann Della Croce &Veljko Dubljevic -2025 -American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 16 (1):1-2.The continental tradition in ethics and philosophy of technology provides a useful differentiation between “system” and “lifeworld” imperatives (Ihde 1990). Behaviors toward system components admit...
- Les mobilités nocturnes et leurs évolutions (1981-2018) : des pratiques qui restent rares et socialement situées.Yoann Demoli -2023 -Temporalités 37.Depuis les années 1980, les mobilités, notamment nocturnes, ont connu des bouleversements sociaux d’ampleur, qui tendraient, selon différents observateurs, à une « colonisation » de la nuit. L’analyse des mobilités quotidiennes nocturnes présentée ici permet de discuter des thèses de la colonisation de la nuit et d’en comprendre les logiques de stratification sociale, si elles existent. La mobilité nocturne se diffuse-t-elle? Qui sont les Français qui se déplacent nuitamment? Leur visage a-t-il changé au cours des dernières décennies? Afin de répondre (...) à de telles questions, l’article exploite la série des enquêtes nationales transports réalisées par l’Insee (1981, 1992, 2007 et 2018). Nos analyses montrent que les mobilités quotidiennes des Français présentent des structures fortes et durables. Les déplacements nocturnes demeurent, depuis les années 1980, relativement rares et offrent à voir une tripartition de la nuit. Si la grande majorité des Français ne se déplacent pas nuitamm... (shrink)
- Claude Romano, La Liberté intérieure, une esquisse, Paris, Hermann, 2020, 100 pages. [REVIEW]Yoann Malinge -2021 -Philosophiques 48 (2):429-433.No categories
- Epistemic Injustice and Nonmaleficence.Yoann Della Croce -2023 -Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 20 (3):447-456.Epistemic injustice has undergone a steady growth in the medical ethics literature throughout the last decade as many ethicists have found it to be a powerful tool for describing and assessing morally problematic situations in healthcare. However, surprisingly scarce attention has been devoted to how epistemic injustice relates to physicians’ professional duties on a conceptual level. I argue that epistemic injustice, specifically testimonial, collides with physicians’ duty of nonmaleficence and should thus be actively fought against in healthcare encounters on the (...) ground of professional conduct. I do so by fleshing out how Fricker’s conception of testimonial injustice conflicts with the duty of nonmaleficence as defined in Beauchamp and Childress on theoretical grounds. From there, I argue that testimonial injustice produces two distinct types of harm, epistemic and non-epistemic. Epistemic harms are harms inflicted by the physician to the patient qua knower, whereas non-epistemic harms are inflicted to the patient qua patient. This latter case holds serious clinical implications and represent a failure of the process of due care on the part of the physician. I illustrate this through examples taken from the literature on fibromyalgia syndrome and show how testimonial injustice causes wrongful harm to patients, making it maleficent practice. Finally, I conclude on why nonmaleficence as a principle will not be normatively enough to fully address the problem of epistemic injustice in healthcare but nevertheless may serve as a good starting point in attempting to do so. (shrink)
- Neuroethics, Pluralism, and Reviews.Yoann Della Croce -2024 -American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 15 (3):155-157.
- Mochtar Lubis: Une Vision de l'Indonésie ContemporaineMochtar Lubis: Une Vision de l'Indonesie Contemporaine.John M. Echols &Henri Chambert-Loir -1978 -Journal of the American Oriental Society 98 (3):328.
- Droit et crise(s): actes de la Xe journée d'étude des jeunes chercheurs de l'Institut d'études de droit public (IEDP) organisée à Sceaux le 25 novembre 2016.Yoann Gonthier Le Guen (ed.) -2021 - Paris: Éditions Mare & Martin.Export citation
Bookmark - Neuroethics, Justice and Autonomy: Public Reason in the Cognitive Enhancement Debate, Veljko Dubljević, 2019 Cham, Springer Nature Switzerland xv + 138 pp., £70.00. [REVIEW]Yoann Della Croce -2020 -Journal of Applied Philosophy 37 (3):502-504.
- L’expérience ordinaire du cinéma selon Cavell : une éducation philosophique.Yoann Hervey-Fortunet -2024 -Archives de Philosophie 87 (4):139-147.
- What's True in Truth and Reconciliation? Why Epistemic Justice is of Paramount Importance in Addressing Structural Racism in Healthcare.Yoann Della Croce,Matteo Gianni &Valeria Marino -2021 -American Journal of Bioethics 21 (3):92-94.In their address of structural racism in healthcare, Sabatello and colleagues provide both a remarkable review of the empirical literature regarding the disproportionate impacts of the COVID...
- Civil Disobedience in Times of Pandemic: Clarifying Rights and Duties.Yoann Della Croce &Ophelia Nicole-Berva -2021 -Criminal Law and Philosophy 17 (1):155-174.This paper seeks to investigate and assess a particular form of relationship between the State and its citizens in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, namely that of obedience to the law and its related right of protest through civil disobedience. We do so by conducting an analysis and normative evaluation of two cases of disobedience to the law: (1) healthcare professionals refusing to attend work as a protest against unsafe working conditions, and (2) citizens who use public demonstration and (...) deliberately ignore measures of social distancing as a way of protesting against lockdown. While different in many aspects, both are substantially similar with respect to one element: their respective protesters both rely on unlawful actions in order to bring change to a policy they consider unjust. We question the extent to which healthcare professionals may participate in civil disobedience with respect to the duty of care intrinsic to the medical profession, and the extent to which opponents of lockdown and confinement measures may reasonably engage in protests without endangering the lives and basic rights of non-dissenting citizens. Drawing on a contractualist normative framework, our analysis leads us to conclude that while both cases qualify as civil disobedience in the descriptive sense, only the case of healthcare professionals qualifies as morally justified civil disobedience. (shrink)
- TssA: The cap protein of the Type VI secretion system tail.Abdelrahim Zoued,Eric Durand,Yoann G. Santin,Laure Journet,Alain Roussel,Christian Cambillau &Eric Cascales -2017 -Bioessays 39 (10):1600262.The Type VI secretion system is a multiprotein and mosaic apparatus that delivers protein effectors into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Recent data on the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli T6SS have provided evidence that the TssA protein is a key component during T6SS biogenesis. The T6SS comprises a trans-envelope complex that docks the baseplate, a cytoplasmic complex that represents the assembly platform for the tail. The T6SS tail is structurally, evolutionarily and functionally similar to the contractile tails of bacteriophages. We have shown (...) that TssA docks to the membrane complex, recruits the baseplate complex and initiates and coordinates the polymerization of the inner tube with that of the sheath. Here, we review these recent findings, discuss the variations within TssA-like proteins, speculate on the role of EAEC TssA in T6SS biogenesis and propose future research perspectives. In the environment, bacteria have to cope with other microbial species and therefore have evolved anti-microbial mechanisms. The bacterial Type VI secretion system transports toxins into bacterial and/or eukaryotic cells using a contractile mechanism. At the architectural level, the T6SS could be viewed as a nano-speargun assembled in the bacterial cytoplasm and anchored to a trans-envelope complex. We describe and speculate on recent findings demonstrating that the TssA subunit is involved in the different stages of T6SS biogenesis. (shrink)
- Changement de composition et utilisation d'un pigment jaune peu connu.E. Ravaud,J. P. Rioux &S. Loire -1998 -Techne 7:99-102.Export citation Bookmark
- Precision medicine and distributive justice: Wicked problems for democratic deliberation By Leonard M.Fleck, Oxford University Press. 2023.xxvii + 404 pp. $82.00. [REVIEW]Yoann Della Croce -2024 -Bioethics 38 (6):581-582.
- Overestimating the intensity of negative feelings in autobiographical memory: evidence from the 9/11 attack and COVID-19 pandemic. [REVIEW]Juan Castillo,Haoxue Fan,Olivia T. Karaman,Jocelyn Shu,Yoann Stussi,M. Alexandra Kredlow,Sophia Vranos,Javiera P. Oyarzún,Hayley M. Dorfman,Deshawn Chatman Sambrano,Robert Meksin,William Hirst &Elizabeth A. Phelps -2024 -Cognition and Emotion 38 (7):1048-1063.When recalling autobiographical events, people not only retrieve event details but also the feelings they experienced. The current study examined whether people are able to consistently recall the intensity of past feelings associated with two consequential and negatively valenced events, i.e. the 9/11 attack (N = 769) and the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 726). By comparing experienced and recalled intensities of negative feelings, we discovered that people systematically recall a higher intensity of negative feelings than initially reported – overestimating the (...) intensity of past negative emotional experiences. The COVID-19 dataset also revealed that individuals who experienced greater improvement in emotional well-being displayed smaller biases in recalling their feelings. Across both datasets, the intensity of remembered feelings was correlated with initial feelings and current feelings, but the impact of the current feelings was stronger in the COVID-19 dataset than in the 9/11 dataset. Our results demonstrate that when recalling negative autobiographical events, people tend to overestimate the intensity of prior negative emotional experiences with their degree of bias influenced by current feelings and well-being. (shrink)
- La Loire vivante : un territoire pilote?Martin Arnould -2013 -Multitudes 52 (1):100.No categories
- Dos dirhams árabo-andaluces del período emiral encontrados en Loire.François Clément -2009 -Al-Qantara 30 (1):245-256.
- (1 other version)Nicole MOZET, George Sand, écrivain de romans, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, Christian Pirot, 1997, 214 p.Gabrielle Houbre -1997 -Clio: A Journal of Literature, History, and the Philosophy of History 2:29-29.Rarement oeuvre littéraire aura autant pâti de l'éclat des éclats de son auteur. En effet, si George Sand bénéficie aujourd'hui d'une cote de popularité exceptionnelle parmi les personnalités qui ont marqué le XIXe siècle, ce n'est certes pas en raison de la réputation peu flatteuse qui s'attache à une production romanesque riche de plusieurs dizaines de titres. Les romans de Sand demeurent pour une large part mal aimés trop vite jugés fades ou simplistes mais ils sont (...) surtout .. (shrink)No categories
- État des lieux et des connaissances et des pratiques professionnelles sur l’obstacle médico-légal des médecins thésés et internes de quatre établissements hospitaliers du Maine-et-Loire.Estelle Bonnot,Donca Zabet &Nathalie Jousset -2022 -Médecine et Droit 2022 (175):59-70.No categories
- (1 other version)Associations féminines et syndicalisme en Loire-Atlantique des années 1930 aux années 1980.Dominique Loiseau -1996 -Clio: A Journal of Literature, History, and the Philosophy of History 1:8-8.Redoutant leur influence négative sur les maris grévistes, les syndicats ont parfois essayé de s'attirer les bonnes grâces des « ménagères ». A partir des années 1930, de nouvelles associations, issues des courants communiste et catholique-social, tentent de regrouper ces ménagères dans le cadre de ce qui peut s'apparenter à un syndicalisme de quartier (Comité mondial des femmes, Association populaire familiale, Union des femmes françaises). Organes d'assistance, de défense et de revendication, elles deviennent interlocutrices des syndicats professionnels en même temps (...) qu'outils de gestation et d'expression d'une solidarité. Par là même, elles favorisent également l'émergence de femmes-sujets. L'article étudie également les relations entre les non-salariées, isolées ou groupées dans leurs associations, et le syndicalisme professionnel, essentiellement masculin. (shrink)
- Nannette Lévesque conteuse et chanteuse du pays des sources de la Loire. Édition établie par Marie-Louise TENÈZE et Georges DELARUE. Paris, Gallimard, 2000. 734 p. [REVIEW]Josiane Bru -2001 -Clio 14:247-250.Ce bel et gros volume, qui ouvre aux éditions Gallimard la collection « Le langage des contes », dirigée par Nicole Belmont, est un ouvrage à plusieurs voix. Au premier plan, la double voix de Nannette Lévesque qui conte et chante selon la tradition. Autour d'elle et la portant jusqu'à nous, celle de l'ethnographe, Victor Smith, qui l'a particulièrement écoutée parmi d'autres femmes entendues dans la région de Saint-Étienne entre 1867 et 1876. Les voix enfin de nos contemporains : Mari...No categories
- Art(s) and Power(s).René Berger &R. Scott Walker -1982 -Diogenes 30 (120):103-134.At first glance such a title seems antinomic. Obviously we accept the fact that there exists a relation, frequently conflictual, between the press and public authority, without mentioning other media; but art continues to represent, at least in the mind of the public, a privileged domain which, though subject to frequently abrupt and brutal changes, benefits nevertheless from an “innocence” distinguishing it from other activities. Visiting the Louvre in Paris, the Uffizi in Florence, or touring the Loire valley châteaux are (...) all so-called cultural activities pursued “simply to develop the personality.”. (shrink)
- Document sans titre.[author unknown] -forthcoming -Philosophique.PHILOSOPHIQUE, 2016 NOTE : DELEUZE ET LES SCIENCES DE L’ÉDUCATIONYoann Barthod Malat Université de Franche-Comté L’œuvre deleuzienne ne traite pas directement de l’éducation, pourtant sa pensée semble parfaitement transposable aux sciences de l’éducation puisqu’elle remet fondamentalement en cause l’idée de transmission, l’idée du maitre détenteur d’un savoir absolu, du vrai comme produit d’une transcendance mystique. Si la notion d’éducation n’est pas un objet deleuzien, il est possible d...No categories
- Document sans titre.Author No -forthcoming -Philosophique.PHILOSOPHIQUE, 2016 NOTE : DELEUZE ET LES SCIENCES DE L’ÉDUCATIONYoann Barthod Malat Université de Franche-Comté L’œuvre deleuzienne ne traite pas directement de l’éducation, pourtant sa pensée semble parfaitement transposable aux sciences de l’éducation puisqu’elle remet fondamentalement en cause l’idée de transmission, l’idée du maitre détenteur d’un savoir absolu, du vrai comme produit d’une transcendance mystique. Si la notion d’éducation n’est pas un objet deleuzien, il est possible d...No categories
- Cartesian Reflections: Essays on Descartes's Philosophy.Deborah J. Brown -2010 -Australasian Journal of Philosophy 88 (4):731-734.HOME . ABOUT US . CONTACT US HELP . PUBLISH WITH US . LIBRARIANS Search in or Explore Browse Publications A-Z Browse Subjects A-Z Advanced Search University of Cambridge SIGN IN Register | Why Register? | Sign Out | Got a Voucher? prev abstract next Two Approaches to Reading the Historical Descartes A Devout Catholic? Knowledge of The Mental Thought and Language Descartes as A Natural Philosopher Substance Dualism Notes Two Approaches to Reading the Historical Descartes Author: Desmond M. Clarke (...) DOI: 10.1080/09608780902986680 Publication Frequency: 5 issues per year Published in: British Journal for the History of Philosophy, Volume 17, Issue 3 June 2009 , pages 601 - 616 John Cottingham: Cartesian Reflections: Essays on Descartes's Philosophy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008) 40.00 (hb.). ISBN 978-0-19-922697-9 John Cottingham, in a new collection of essays, asks the question: 'what exactly did Descartes himself chiefly take himself to be doing?' (254). 1 While the question is relatively clear, and while it acknowledges implicitly that Descartes was probably doing a range of different things, the answer that is apparently proposed here emerges only on reading the whole collection. Cottingham distinguishes in Chapter 1 - which is a new, synoptic overview of what is discussed in the other chapters, all of which were previously published - between two approaches to reading Descartes. One is to see him as 'a dummy on which to drape various suspect doctrines (such as “Cartesian dualism”)' (3), which contemporary analytic philosophers have shown to be radically mistaken. Another approach is adopted by historians of ideas 'who make it their life's work to pay meticulous scholarly attention to the philosophical works of past ages' (3). Cottingham does not explicitly criticize either of these approaches, but he hints at situating his own as some kind of Aristotelian middle course between the two. Since the two reference points are dangerously close to straw men or what Cottingham calls 'extreme positions', the proposed middle way may simply combine elements of two approaches, each of which is entirely legitimate. I return to this question at the conclusion. In fact, many of these essays were intended to show (rightly!) that Descartes never held the philosophical positions that are often attributed to him. The interpretation of Karol Wojtyla, later Pope John Paul II, provides a good example of how mistaken one can be: The Cogito ergo sum radically changed the way of doing philosophy … After Descartes, philosophy became a science of pure thought: all that is being- the created world, and even the Creator, is situated within the ambit of the Cogito, as contents of human consciousness. Philosophy is concerned with beings as contained in consciousness, and not as existing independently of it. (257) The only way to address such a caricature is to refer back to what Descartes actually wrote. Cottingham does precisely that, often quoting the original Latin or French texts. However, having shown successfully, by a close reading of the texts, that Descartes did not hold many of the views that are attributed to him, it still remains to say what Descartes did hold or teach about various philosophical problems that retain their perennial interest for us. This is how the question arises, intermittently, about what Descartes thought he was 'chiefly' doing, or what was his primary objective, in the course of an intellectual career that spanned three decades. However, the apparently legitimate desire to bring Descartes' intellectual endeavours into sharp focus may be frustrated by the evidence. His life and work manifestly lack the coherence or unity of purpose that one finds, for example, among many of his French or Dutch contemporaries. It is comparatively easy to 'read' the life of Gisbertus Voetius as that of an unwavering Calvinist theologian, to see Antoine Arnauld as a staunch and consistent theological defender of Port Royal, and even to interpret the obviously fragmentary contents of Pascal's unpublished notebooks (subsequently, the Penses) as an extended search for authentic religious faith, in opposition to what he perceived as the corruption of ecclesial structures. In contrast, Descartes' life reveals features that are difficult to integrate into a coherent pattern. He lived and published during a critical juncture in the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. Although baptized into the Catholic Church soon after his birth in the Loire district of France, he chose to live most of his life in the aggressively Calvinist United Provinces, in which other religious practices were officially (though often ineffectively) banned. Descartes may have adopted the motto from Ovid, at least early in his career: 'bene vixit qui bene latuit' (he lives well who conceals himself well), and he seems genuinely to have wished to avoid theological controversies. However, he engaged in very public controversies with so many of his contemporaries - including Hobbes, Gassendi, the French Jesuits (collectively) and Father Dinet (in particular), Voetius and the University of Utrecht, Regius, Fermat, Roberval, Revius and other theologians at Leiden - that one might conclude that his claimed preference for a quiet life was a disingenuous mask. 2 Descartes published four books during his lifetime, and wrote at least one other that he had intended to publish. The latter was his first major composition, Le Monde, which he suppressed when he heard about Galileo's condemnation by Rome in 1633. This was followed, in 1637, by Descartes' first book (also written in French), which he tried to publish anonymously by withholding his name from the title page: the Discours de la methode pour bien conduire sa raison, & chercher la verit dans les sciences. Plus la dioptrique, les meteors, et la geometrie, qui sont des essais de cete methode. Four years later Descartes published the first edition (in Latin) of Meditationes de prima philosophia, in quibus Dei existentia et animae immortalitas demonstrator, which also included six sets of objections and replies. The Principia philosophiae appeared (in Latin) in Amsterdam in 1644, and was followed five years later by Les Passions de l'Ame (in French). 3 In parallel with these publications, Descartes carried on a very extensive correspondence over a thirty-year period (in both Latin and French), and preserved copies or drafts of his letters with a view to future publication. Given the range and variety of his interests, and the sheer volume of writings, published or otherwise, that have survived from his pen, one may be tempted to engage in a comparative evaluation, as Cottingham does, by selecting one of Descartes' books as his primary contribution to philosophy. Cottingham claims that the Meditations was Descartes''masterpiece' (44), 'the definitive statement of Descartes's philosophy' (45) and the 'definitive statement of his metaphysics' (68). He also describes the Meditations more narrowly as 'his metaphysical masterpiece' (259, 303) and, more broadly, as 'his philosophical masterpiece' (289), and he lists it with the Discours as one of Descartes' two 'masterworks' (280). The Principia offers some competition in this comparative judgement when it is described as 'the canonical presentation of his metaphysical views' (114), while 'the construction of a moral system … was the crowning aim of his philosophy' (231). Having pitched repeatedly for the Meditations as Descartes' primary text, Cottingham claims that its author was 'a devout Catholic' (215), that he was 'a devoutly religious philosopher' (256), and that he could not free himself 'from the influence of the long years of theological study he had dutifully completed at La Flche' (62). Accordingly, the Meditations should be read as 'in essence a work of theodicy' (220); 'what has pride of place in the construction of his philosophical system is … an appeal to God … the nature and existence of the Deity is something that lies at the very heart of his entire philosophical system' (255). Without quite saying so, there are hints here that Descartes was a devout Christian whose primary intellectual contribution was to write a work of metaphysics, in which God is central and in the course of which the author alternates between proving God's existence and contemplating God - the latter a seventeenth-century version of Bonaventure's Journey of the Soul to God. 'Descartes's attraction to a contemplative mode of philosophizing' (305) is reflected, in the Meditations, in 'the language of the soul's coming to rest in adoring contemplation of the light' (306). Cottingham also accepts the overwhelming evidence from Descartes' correspondence that he 'devoted most of his career not to metaphysics but to science' (108), although he quibbles elsewhere with those who adopt the shorthand term 'science' to describe part of what was called 'natural philosophy' in the seventeenth century (282). He also refers to the '(notoriously lame) argument for the essential incorporeality of the thinking self' in one of Descartes' masterworks (60), and he describes the 'strange, seemingly isolated world of his metaphysical meditations' (139), with its 'creaking ontology' (147), when read in isolation from the rest of his work as a natural philosopher. How should we read him, then, in the twenty-first century? A Devout Catholic? That Descartes was a devout Catholic is possible, unlikely and undecidable. He seems not to have studied theology at all while at school at La Flche, although he completed the pre-theology college cycle in the company of Jesuit students who then continued their studies in theology. Descartes consistently attempted to avoid public entanglement with religious and theological controversies, and said so frequently. 4 Given the alignments that prevailed at the time, both in France. (shrink)
- Local Traditions and Itinerant Artists? The Crucifixes of Auvergne and Wooden Sculpture in France during the Late Romanesque Period.Francesca Girelli -2017 -Convivium 4 (2):52-71.The paper focuses on the Romanesque wooden Crucifix of the church of Sainte-Marie at Cherier Le Vieux Bourg (Loire, Rhônes- Alpes, France). It is stylistically related to some other sculptures originating in the Massif Central region and, in particular, to a Christ from Herment in the Musée de Cluny (Cl. 2149), a Crucifix from Lavaudieu, now divided between the Musée du Louvre (head: r.f. 1662) and the Metropolitan Museum of Art (body: 25.120.221), a head of Christ in the treasury of (...) Clermont-Ferrand cathedral. Furthermore, the Cherier Crucifix appears to be connected to the Madonna and child statues - the most important being in the Metropolitan Museum of Art - attributed to a sculptor conventionally known as “The Morgan Master”. Thus, these wooden sculptures are assumed to have been carved in the workshop of this anonymous master. Some comparisons with Romanesque stone sculpture in the Rhone Valley during the mid-twelfth century are made in order to place the Cherier Crucifix in a chronological and artistic context. V kostele Sainte-Marie du Vieux bourg de Cherier (Loire, Rhônes-Alpes) se zachoval románský krucifix výjimečné kvality. Historiografii zaměřené na dřevěné středověké sochy vznikající na území dnešní Francie však zůstal skrytý. Dílo představuje ještě žijícího Krista s lehce nakloněnou hlavou. Jedná se tedy o důmyslnou variaci ikonografického typu triumphans, který je charakteristický svou osovostí; vyniká především mimetický obličej Krista a bederní rouška uhlazeného stylu a jemné živosti. Na základě stylové analýzy je možno sochu datovat do dvanáctého století. Zásadní je v tomto ohledu především srovnání s krucifixem dochovaným v Musée de Cluny (Cl. 2149), jenž byl v nedávné době spojen s obcí Herment v Auvergne. S těmito dvěma krucifixy jsou poprvé srovnávány sedící madony patřící do skupiny tzv. Morganovy madony z Metropolitního muzea umění v New Yorku (16.32.194) a hlava Krista dochovaná v muzeu katedrály v Clermont-Ferrand. Do korpusu je začleněn také krucifix z Lavaudieu, který je dnes rozdělen mezi Louvre a Metropolitní muzeum (rf 1662/25.120.221). Tyto práce byly některými badateli připsány neznámému autorovi, jenž bývá označován jako „Mistr Morganovy madony“. Ten byl do dnešní doby považován za osobu zodpovědnou pouze za skupinu soch Sedes Sapientiae, nyní se ale jeví jedním z význačných auvergneských autorů. Byl zodpovědný za dřevěné artefakty patřící do různých ikonografických kategorií. Všechna tato díla však byla charakteristická stejnou formální kvalitou a podobným emočním vyzněním. Postavy svatých jsou důvěryhodně zachyceny v hluboké meditaci, jako by byly zároveň nepřítomné i „živé“. Uspořádání drapérií se řídí abstraktním zákonem a nervózně se mihotajícími lemy šatů. Srovnání se soudobým sochařstvím pomáhá především při analýze těchto prvků a současně dovoluje upřesnit dataci zkoumaných řezbářských děl a zasadit ji do třetí čtvrtiny dvanáctého století. V tomto ohledu jsou nejpřínosnější srovnání s produkcí horního Valle del Rodano (Saint-Fortunat v Charlieu a Saint-André-le-Bas ve Vienne), jež u zkoumaných dřevěných předmětů poukazují na přijetí burgundských a provensálských prvků. Právě tyto prvky oživují drapérii zdůrazňováním jemného naturalismu, jenž byl vlastní již nejstarším krucifixům z Auvergne (Auzon, Monstsalvy, Lavoûte-Chilhac) a jenž byl typický pro tento region minimálně od konce jedenáctého století, jak dosvědčuje tympanon kostela Sainte-Foy v Conques a atlanti na hlavicích v Mozacu. (shrink)No categories
- Faire face au contretemps pour faire son temps.Étienne Guillaud -2017 -Temporalités 25.Les activités nautiques sont fréquemment construites par les municipalités des stations balnéaires comme des produits à destination des touristes. Elles sont de ce fait associées aux temps des vacances. Mais elles sont aussi un temps de travail pour ceux qui les encadrent. Les éducateurs sportifs en nautisme sont en fait contraints de travailler à contretemps, c’est-à-dire de s’inscrire dans des temporalités qui ne s’apparentent guère à celles caractéristiques des univers ordinaires de travail. Cela peut leur poser problème, notamment dans la (...) conciliation entre travail et vie familiale. Les représentations ou perceptions du contretemps par ces éducateurs sportifs, ainsi que la manière dont ils vivent leurs situations de travailleurs dans ces temporalités, sont analysées dans cet article. Celui-ci tente d’identifier et de caractériser les ressources et stratégies utilisées pour faire face aux divers effets et conséquences du contretemps. Les résultats présentés s’appuient principalement sur des entretiens et des observations de diverses situations de travail réalisées dans le cadre d’une enquête sur le littoral de la région Pays-de-la-Loire. (shrink)No categories
- The Manuscript Tradition of Seneca'sNatural Questions: Addenda.H. M. Hine -1992 -Classical Quarterly 42 (02):558-.Two new manuscripts have come to my attention since I made a study of the MS. tradition of Seneca's Natural Questions. The first is Munich, Bayerische Staats-bibliothek, Clm 18961, part ii , which I shall call Y, a late-ninth-century manuscript from Brittany or the lower Loire. It contains a short collection of theological and philosophical excerpts from a variety of authors, a collection emanating from the circle of Alcuin, probably from the generation after Alcuin himself. Included in the collection are (...) three extracts from the preface of Book 1 of Seneca's Natural Questions. Since the earliest surviving manuscripts of the Seneca work hitherto known are from the twelfth century, it is of considerable interest to see how the text of the Natural Questions in these excerpts relates to the later MS. tradition. (shrink)
- Histoire du Berry.Emmanuel Legeard -2024 - Paris: Gisserot Histoire.En 600 av. J.-C., les Bituriges, « rois du monde », dominent la Celtique sous l’autorité d’Ambigat. Leur territoire est uni par le contrôle des bassins versants de la Loire et l’occupation d’une grande clairière céréalière, la Champagne, cernée par les forêts. Le chef-lieu est Avaricum, que Vercingétorix choisira pour venir à bout des légions de César. L’issue est tragique. Malgré Gergovie, la Gaule devient romaine. Commence alors l’histoire du Berry, qui sera pendant 1700 ans le théâtre d’événements majeurs. Parce (...) que le Berry n’a jamais été une province, son destin se fond dans le roman national. Pourtant, c’est en Berry que s’effondre l’Empire romain. C’est en Berry qu’après la double trahison d’Aliénor se joue l’unité de la France. C’est en Berry que Charles VII assure la survie du royaume quand il est chassé de Paris. De Bourges, le duc Jean fait rayonner le gothique international. Puis la seconde renaissance du droit illumine l’Europe des humanistes. C’est sur le Berry que Sully compte pour exalter sa gloire, en Berry que Condé organise la Fronde. Le Berry s’étiole ensuite, et la Révolution l’effacera des cartes. Mais en 1913, le Grand Meaulnes le fait entrer dans la littérature mondiale comme ce paradis perdu, bordé de bois et d’étangs, qui s’est à jamais retiré du temps. (shrink)
- L'éblouissement Jankélévitch.Guy Suarès -2013 - Paris: L'éclat.La vie, la voix, la pensée, le combat de Vladimir Jankélévitch (1903-1985) qui marquèrent le siècle, en philosophie, en musique, en politique, ne pouvaient pas mieux ressortir que dans un "éblouissement". Ce fut celui de Guy Suarès (1932-1996), homme de théâtre, de radio et de télévision, qui s'est particulièrement attaché, par ses traductions et ses mises en scène, à mieux faire connaître la culture hispanique (Lorca, Neruda, Bergamin...) et a dirigé la Comédie de la Loire à Tours à l'invitation d'André (...) Malraux, à qui il a consacré deux ouvrages. Une relation, lumineuse, face aux mystères de la vie et de la mort ; et dont les voix portent encore. (shrink)No categories
- Sylvie Aprile, Maryla Laurent & Janine Ponty, Polonaises aux champs. Lettres de femmes immigrées dans les ca.Michelle Zancarini-Fournel -2020 -Clio 51:322-325.Ce livre exceptionnel à tous égards associe des chercheuses spécialistes de l’histoire, de la langue et de la culture polonaises en France et en Pologne, pour traiter une source inégalée dans l’histoire de l’immigration, accessible aux archives départementales d’Indre-et-Loire, un corpus de 1 300 lettres envoyées à une inspectrice de la main d’œuvre immigrée, Julie Duval, en 1934. Écrites en polonais, il a fallu les déchiffrer avant, pour certaines, les traduire (130) et les analyser. Julie D...No categories
- Simone Weil’s Lectures on Philosophy: A Comment.W. J. Morgan -2019 -RUDN Journal of Philosophy 23 (4):420-429.The purpose of this article is to introduce the reader to some intellectual origins of Simone Weil’s philosophy through a summary of and comment on her Lectures on Philosophy given when she was a teacher at a girls’ school at Roanne in the Loire region of central France. The article provides a comment on Simone Weil’s Lectures on Philosophy. There is a brief Introduction followed by a summary of Weil’s life which indicates her various interest as a religious thinker, mystic, (...) anarchist, and political activist and some of the important academic commentaries on these aspects of her life and work. The source of the Lectures on Philosophy edited by her pupil Anne Reynaud-Guérithault is then discussed followed by a detailed summary of and comment on the Lectures themselves. They are grouped under five headings which are considered in turn. These are: The materialist point of view; after the discovery of mind; politics and social theory; ethics and aesthetics; miscellaneous topics and essay plans. There is a further discussion of Simone Weil’s later philosophical thought which shows that what she published reveals classical learning and intellectual quality, but also the several antimonies with which she struggled in her thinking, the two major influences on her thought being Ancient Greece and Christianity. There is a short Conclusion and Bibliography. (shrink)No categories
- Market, Fair and Festival.Michel Pierssens &Sally Bradshaw -1972 -Diogenes 20 (78):1-17.In its curving watercourse, the Loire encompasses vast areas of central France—Touraine, Blésois, Sologne, Berry—former provinces, all closely related, where one travelled from one town to another by imperceptible degrees, a whole district which since time immemorial, has been, above all, French. The towns there have remained as they were in olden times: peaceful populous villages which are quiet and slow-moving although their organisation is complex, standing on an unpretentious historic substructure whose only outcrops are familiar remains: Here a still-imposing (...) castle; there a church, frequently of outstanding beauty; and sometimes public monuments dating from the first onset of community awareness—they consist of such things as a wash-house, a fountain, a bridge over a river, a shady square, or covered market…. (shrink)
- Double Exposure: Cutting Across Buddhist and Western Discourses (review). [REVIEW]Steven Heine -2006 -Philosophy East and West 56 (1):178-180.In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Double Exposure: Cutting Across Buddhist and Western DiscoursesSteven HeineDouble Exposure: Cutting Across Buddhist and Western Discourses. By Bernard Faure. Translated by Janet Lloyd. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. Pp. xiv + 174. Hardcover $49.50. Paper $21.95.In some ways, Double Exposure: Cutting Across Buddhist and Western Discourses by Bernard Faure seems quite different from other publications by this author, including several books that were also translated from the French (...) such as Visions of Power and Will to Orthodoxy, which have a specific focus on the practice of Chan or on gender issues in Buddhism. Double Exposure deals with broad, wide-ranging philosophical themes concerning Buddhist thought set in comparative contexts with Western intellectual history since the Enlightenment, especially continental European philosophy. Faure is well known from previous works for his extensive explorations of poststructural theory in examining historical and doctrinal buddhological issues. Clearly, however, this book was intended primarily not for Buddhist studies scholars but for an audience of French intellectuals and cultural critics, encompassing but more diverse than the academic community, who wish to understand how the discourse of Buddhism pertains to, yet remains distinct from, their own recent history of thought. Rather than citing a particular set of poststructural thinkers to illuminate Buddhism, Faure does the converse and uses Buddhism to make key points about the development of Western thought.At the same time, Double Exposure is consistent with and an extension of Faure's earlier books in that it tracks the role of the twofold or double in its various manifestations both in Buddhist thought and in methodological approaches to interpreting Buddhism. Faure is endlessly fascinated by and delights in exposing the fact that the Buddhist tradition, nwhich claims to espouse a standpoint of nondualism, invariably and inevitably divvies reality up into an endless series of polarities and paradoxes regarding the apparent oppositions or contradictions between the realms of nirvāṇa and samsāṃra, karmic causality and transcendence of karma, ultimate and mundane reality (or two levels of truth), and sudden and gradual enlightenment. He asserts: "The history of Buddhism... seems to be governed by what Bergson, in The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, suggested calling the 'law of dichotomy,' a law which apparently brings about a realization, by a mere splitting, of tendencies which began by being two views, so to speak, of one and the same tendency" (p. 124). [End Page 178]In addition to Bergson, Faure cites classical notions like the Platonic division between the ideal form and the world of concrete forms, the two-faced Roman god Janus who rules over past and future, and the Manichaean split between good and evil. Faure also emphasizes more recent French thinkers and scholars, including Emile Beneviste, Nayla Farouki, Michel Foucault, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Henri Micheaux, among others, who in probing the "diabolical" sense of truth versus error, which are considered eternal contraries in Western thought, especially in Christianity, are useful for discussing parallels and differences with Buddhism.Double Exposure also discusses interpretive debates about whether Buddhism should be seen as epitomizing agnosticism versus mysticism, pragmatism versus supernaturalism, or rationalism versus mythology, as well as conflicts in using the method of psychology as opposed to anthropology and the impact of hidden, or not-so-hidden Orientalist and reverse Orientalist tendencies. Perhaps the best organized chapter in the book is "The Major Schools" (chapter 5), which offers a quick but insightful overview of early Buddhist realism, Yogācāra idealism, the Mādhyamika middle way, and Chan's compromise between immanence and transcendence. The most imaginative section is "External Thought" (chapter 8), which delves into a vast array of topics. These range from Tantric sexuality as a form of spiritual energy and Diderot's view of the perpetual shifting of ordinary thought to Zongmi's image of the bright pearl as a metaphor for sudden realization compared with Paul Claudel's own pearl metaphor in Conversations dans leLoir-et-Cher, which evokes a gradual path of self-understanding.I think Faure's main aim in all his many publications is to explore and expose the wedges, gaps, and inconsistencies, without making a judgment other than to underscore that what... (shrink)
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General Editors:
David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
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Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
Darrell P. Rowbottom
Aleksandra Samonek
Constantine Sandis
Howard Sankey
Jonathan Schaffer
Thomas Senor
Daniel Star
Jussi Suikkanen
Aness Kim Webster
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
Darrell P. Rowbottom
Aleksandra Samonek
Constantine Sandis
Howard Sankey
Jonathan Schaffer
Thomas Senor
Daniel Star
Jussi Suikkanen
Aness Kim Webster
Other editors
Contact us
Learn more about PhilPapers
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