Results for 'Xiaorong Lang'
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- Relations among perceived stress, fatigue, and sleepiness, and their effects on the ambulatory arterial stiffness index in medical staff: A cross-sectional study.XiaorongLang,Quan Wang,Sufang Huang,Danni Feng,Fengfei Ding &Wei Wang -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13.ObjectiveTo explore the relations among perceived stress, fatigue, sleepiness, and the pathway of their effects on the ambulatory arterial stiffness index among medical staff.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China. Perceived stress, fatigue, and sleepiness were measured using the perceived stress scale, Fatigue assessment scale, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, respectively. AASI was obtained from 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Path analysis was used to clarify the relations among the PSS, FAS, and ESS scores, and their (...) relations to AASI values.ResultsA total of 153 participants were included herein. The PSS and FAS correlated with the ESS, and the PSS correlated with the FAS. In addition, the ESS correlated with the AASI. According to the path analysis results, the PSS and FAS had no direct effect on the AASI, but did have an indirect effect on this index by influencing the ESS.ConclusionSleepiness was a mediator of the effects of perceived stress and fatigue on AASI. (shrink)
- Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex.Peter J.Lang,Margaret M. Bradley &Bruce N. Cuthbert -1990 -Psychological Review 97 (3):377-395.
- Strokes of Luck: A Study in Moral and Political Philosophy.GeraldLang -2021 - Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Strokes of Luck provides a detailed and wide-ranging examination of the role of luck in moral and political philosophy. The first part tackles debates in moral luck, which are concerned with the assignment of blameworthiness to individuals who are separated only by lucky differences. ‘Anti-luckists’ think that an agent who, for example, attempts and succeeds in an assassination and an agent who attempts and fails are equally blameworthy. This book defends an ‘anti-anti-luckist’ argument, according to which the successful assassin is (...) more blameworthy than the unsuccessful one. Moreover, the successful assassin is, all things equal, a worse person than the unsuccessful one. The worldly outcomes of our acts can make an all-important difference, not only to how bad our acts can be deemed, but to how bad we are. The second part enters into debates about distributive justice. It is argued that the attempt to neutralize luck in the distribution of advantages among individuals does not deserve its prominence in political philosophy: the ‘luck egalitarian’ programme is flawed. A better way forward is to re-invest in John Rawls’s ‘justice as fairness, which demonstrates a superior way of taming the bad effects of luck and unchosen disadvantage. (shrink)
- A Call for Behavioral Science in Embedded Bioethics.Kristin M. Kostick-Quenet,BenjaminLang,Natalie Dorfman &J. S. Blumenthal-Barby -2022 -Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 65 (4):672-679.ABSTRACT:Bioethicists today are taking a greater role in the design and implementation of emerging technologies by "embedding" within the development teams and providing their direct guidance and recommendations. Ideally, these collaborations allow ethical considerations to be addressed in an active, iterative, and ongoing process through regular exchanges between ethicists and members of the technological development team. This article discusses a challenge to this embedded ethics approach—namely, that bioethical guidance, even if embraced by the development team in theory, is not easily (...) actionable in situ. Many of the ethical problems at issue in emerging technologies are associated with preexisting structural, socioeconomic, and political factors, making compliance with ethical recommendations sometimes less a matter of choice and more a matter of feasibility. Moreover, incentive structures within these systemic factors maintain them against reform efforts. The authors recommend that embedded bioethicists utilize principles from behavioral science (such as behavioral economics) to better understand and account for these incentive structures so as to encourage the ethically responsible uptake of technological innovations. (shrink)
- Effects of Feedback and Instructional Set on the Control of Cardiac-Rate Variability.Peter J.Lang,Alan Sroufe &James E. Hastings -1967 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 75 (4):425.
- Altes Testament.Yitzhak Ahren &BernhardLang -1976 -Zeitschrift für Religions- Und Geistesgeschichte 28 (1-4):174-177.
- Numbers scepticism, equal chances and pluralism.GeraldLang &Rob Lawlor -2016 -Politics, Philosophy and Economics 15 (3):298-315.The ‘standard interpretation’ of John Taurek’s argument in ‘Should the Numbers Count?’ imputes two theses to him: first, ‘numbers scepticism’, or scepticism about the moral force of an appeal to the mere number of individuals saved in conflict cases; and second, the ‘equal greatest chances’ principle of rescue, which requires that every individual has an equal chance of being rescued. The standard interpretation is criticized here on a number of grounds. First, whilst Taurek clearly believes that equal chances are all-important, (...) he actually argues for a position weaker than the equal greatest chances principle. Second, the argument Taurek gives for the importance of equal chances ought to commit him to being more hospitable to the significance of numbers than he seems to be. Third, and as a result, Taurek should not have dismissed the significance of numbers but embraced a form of pluralism instead. Fourth, this result should be welcomed, because pluralism is more plausible than either the equal greatest chances principle or the saving the greater number principle. (shrink)
- Measuring emotion: Behavior, feeling, and physiology.Margaret M. Bradley &Peter J.Lang -2000 - In Richard D. R. Lane, L. Nadel & G. L. Ahern,Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion. Series in Affective Science. Oxford University Press. pp. 25--49.
- Research on the Clinical Translation of Health Care Machine Learning: Ethicists Experiences on Lessons Learned.Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby,BenjaminLang,Natalie Dorfman,Holland Kaplan,William B. Hooper &Kristin Kostick-Quenet -2022 -American Journal of Bioethics 22 (5):1-3.The application of machine learning in health care holds great promise for improving care. Indeed, our own team is collaborating with experts in machine learning and statistical modeling to bu...
- Fairness in life and Death Cases.GeraldLang -2005 -Erkenntnis 62 (3):321-351.John Taurek famously argued that, in ‘conflict cases’, where we are confronted with a smaller and a larger group of individuals, and can choose which group to save from harm, we should toss a coin, rather than saving the larger group. This is primarily because coin-tossing is fairer: it ensures that each individual, regardless of the group to which he or she belongs, has an equal chance of being saved. This article provides a new response to Taurek’s argument. It proposes (...) that there are two possible types of unfairness that have to be avoided in conflict cases, as far as possible: ‘selection unfairness’, which is the unfairness of not giving individuals an equal chance of being saved; and ‘outcome unfairness’, which is the unfairness of not actually saving them, when others are saved. Since saving the greater number generates less outcome unfa-irness than coin-tossing, it is argued that, in many conflict cases, fairness demands that we save the greater number. (shrink)
- Feminist Epistemologies of Situated Knowledges: Implications for Rhetorical Argumentation.James C.Lang -2010 -Informal Logic 30 (3):309-334.In the process of challenging epistemological assumptions that preclude relationships between knowers and the objects of knowing, feminist epistemologists Lorraine Code and Donna Haraway also can be interpreted as troubling forms of argumentation predicated on positivist-derived logic. Against the latter, Christopher Tindale promotes a rhetorical model of argument that appears able to better engage epistemologies of situated knowledges. I detail key features of the latter from Code, especially, and compare and contrast them with relevant parts of Tindale’s discussion of context (...) on the rhetorical model, and I suggest ways that his work could be expanded to accommodate rhetorical implications of situated knowledges. (shrink)
- The evolutionary paths to collective rituals: An interdisciplinary perspective on the origins and functions of the basic social act.MartinLang -2019 -Archive for the Psychology of Religion 41 (3):224-252.The present article is an elaborated and upgraded version of the Early Career Award talk that I delivered at the IAPR 2019 conference in Gdańsk, Poland. In line with the conference’s thematic focus on new trends and neglected themes in psychology of religion, I argue that psychology of religion should strive for firmer integration with evolutionary theory and its associated methodological toolkit. Employing evolutionary theory enables to systematize findings from individual psychological studies within a broader framework that could resolve lingering (...) empirical contradictions by providing an ultimate rationale for which results should be expected. The benefits of evolutionary analysis are illustrated through the study of collective rituals and, specifically, their purported function in stabilizing risky collective action. By comparing the socio-ecological pressures faced by chimpanzees, contemporary hunter-gatherers, and early Homo, I outline the selective pressures that may have led to the evolution of collective rituals in the hominin lineage, and, based on these selective pressures, I make predictions regarding the different functions and their underlying mechanisms that collective rituals should possess. While examining these functions, I echo the Early Career Award and focus mostly on my past work and the work of my collaborators, showing that collective rituals may stabilize risky collective action by increasing social bonding, affording to assort cooperative individuals, and providing a platform for reliable communication of commitment to group norms. The article closes with a discussion of the role that belief in superhuman agents plays in stabilizing and enhancing the effects of collective rituals on trust-based cooperation. (shrink)No categories
- Editorial: Self-Consciousness Explained—Mapping the Field.StefanLang &Klaus Viertbauer -2022 -Review of Philosophy and Psychology 13 (2):257-276.
- Reasoning under inconsistency: A forgetting-based approach.JérômeLang &Pierre Marquis -2010 -Artificial Intelligence 174 (12-13):799-823.
- What Follows from Defensive Non-Liaibility?GeraldLang -2017 -Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 117 (3):231-252.Theories of self-defence tend to invest heavily in ‘liability justifications’: if the Attacker is liable to have defensive violence deployed against him by the Defender, then he will not be wronged by such violence, and selfdefence becomes, as a result, morally unproblematic. This paper contends that liability justifications are overrated. The deeper contribution to an explanation of why defensive permissions exist is made by the Defender’s non-liability. Drawing on both canonical cases of self-defence, featuring Culpable Attackers, and more penumbral cases (...) of self-defence, involving Non-Responsible Threats, a case is assembled for the ‘Non-Liability First Account’ of self-defence. (shrink)No categories
- Rawlsian Incentives and the Freedom Objection.GeraldLang -2016 -Journal of Social Philosophy 47 (2):231-249.One Rawlsian response to G. A. Cohen’s criticisms of justice as fairness which Cohen canvasses, and then dismisses, is the 'Freedom Objection'. It comes in two versions. The 'First Version' asserts that there is an unresolved trilemma among the three principles of equality, Pareto-optimality, and freedom of occupational choice, while the 'Second Version' imputes to Rawls’s theory a concern to protect occupational freedom over equality of condition. This article is mainly concerned with advancing three claims. First, the 'ethical solution' Cohen (...) advances against the First Version of the Freedom Objection does not grant a fair hearing to the Freedom Objection. Second, the distinction Cohen presses between the legal and moral right of occupational choice in his response to the Second Version cannot save him from worries about Stalinist coercion. Third, Cohen’s response to the First Version of the Freedom Objection is actually in tension with his response to the Second Version of the Freedom Objection. (shrink)
- (1 other version)Legitimacy in International Society Ian Clark,Legitimacy in International Society.Anthony F.Lang -2006 -Politics and Ethics Review 2 (1):93-95.No categories
- Thomas Hobbes: theorist of the law.Anthony F.Lang &Gabriella Slomp -2016 -Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 19 (1):1-11.
- Nudging the responsibility objection.GeraldLang -2008 -Journal of Applied Philosophy 25 (1):56–71.The ‘Responsibility Objection’ to Judith Thomson's famous argument for the permissibility of abortion challenges the relevance of her ‘Violinist Analogy’ to certain types of voluntary unwanted pregnancy, on the grounds that those pregnancies, even though they may be unwanted, are pregnancies for which the woman can be plausibly held responsible. This article considers the force of a number of recent objections to the Responsibility Objection, advanced by Harry Silverstein, David Boonin, and Jeff McMahan, and judges them to be unpersuasive. It (...) is concluded that, in the absence of further considerations, the Responsibility Objection carries force. (shrink)
- Style.B.Lang -1998 - In Michael Kelly,Encyclopedia of aesthetics. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 4--318.Export citation
Bookmark - The Concept of Genocide.BerelLang -1984 -Philosophical Forum 16 (1):1.
- What's the Matter? Review of Derek Parfit, On What Matters.GeraldLang -2012 -Utilitas 24 (2):300-312.
- Morality in Politics: Panacea or Poison?EirikLang Harris -2009 - Dissertation, University of UtahIn the Western philosophic tradition, virtue theory has rarely been extended to the political realm. There is a long tradition that advocates the role of virtue in ethical theory, but the implications of this tradition for political theory have largely been neglected. However, in the Chinese tradition, we very early on see the use of virtue-based theories not only in ethics but in political thought as well. Indeed, one of the most sophisticated early Confucian philosophers, Xúnzǐ 荀子 (fl. 298–238 BCE), (...) believes that a virtue-based political theory is a natural extension of his virtue-based ethical theory. At the same time, a prominent anti-Confucian political philosopher, Hán Fēizǐ 韓非子, was diametrically opposed to allowing virtue, or, indeed, any other moral quality, serve as the basis for political theory, arguing instead that a clear set of laws should serve as the fundamental basis. Therefore, this tradition offers us a very clear debate on the problems and promise of a virtue politics. This debate is not only of historical interest, however. To the extent that contemporary philosophers interested in the possibility of extending virtue theory to the political realm take themselves to be prescribing for everyone, as opposed to simply for those within their own cultural background, they must be willing to take into account other traditions that have wrestled with similar issues. In early China we not only see a version of virtue politics, we also see a sophisticated debate about its viability. And, while Xúnzǐ himself may not be capable of answering all of Hán Fēizǐ’s objections, analyzing this debate affords us the opportunity to see how and where a particular conception of virtue politics succeeds and fails, providing contemporary philosophers not only with a set of problems that must be overcome but also with a promising way forward. (shrink)
- Private law.NorbertLang,Arthur Nitsevych,Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem,Dieter H. Scheuing,Felix Müller &Timo Tohidipur -2000 -Jurisprudencija: Mokslo darbu žurnalas 703:719.Export citation Bookmark
- Legitimating Torture?GeraldLang -2017 -Criminal Law and Philosophy 11 (2):331-349.Steinhoff defends the moral and legal permissibility of torture in a limited range of circumstances. This article criticizes Steinhoff’s arguments. The analogy between ordinary defensive violence and defensive torture which Steinhoff argues for is partly spoiled by the presence, within defensive torture, of opportunistic harm, in addition to eliminative harm. Steinhoff’s arguments that the mere legalization of defensive torture would not metastasize into a more full-fledged institutionalization of torture are also found wanting. As a minimal form of institutionalization, the mere (...) legalization of torture would already be at risk of further entrenchment and growth. (shrink)
- Gauguin's Lucky Escape: Moral Luck and the Morality System.GeraldLang -2018 - In Sophie Grace Chappell & Marcel van Ackeren,Ethics Beyond the Limits: New Essays on Bernard Williams' Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. New York: Routledge. pp. 129-47.Williams’s attack on the ‘morality system’ in Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy was preceded by his famous but misunderstood essay ‘Moral Luck’. This essay pursues two principal aims. First and foremost, I take a fresh look at Williams’s argument in ‘Moral Luck’, to assess its defensibility. Second, I investigate how Williams’s treatment of moral luck shapes and informs the wider assault on the ‘morality system’ which reached its fullest expression in the later work. We can learn something about both (...) of Williams’s projects—his defence of moral luck, and his attack on the morality system—by seeing how each of these projects contributes to the other. Drawing on Williams’s discussion of Gauguin’s desertion of his family for a life of artistic endeavour in Tahiti, six interpretations of Williams’s argument are suggested. While some of these are better than others, none is completely satisfying or convincing. It is suggested, in conclusion, that the attack on anti-luckism does not make an indispensable contribution to Williams’s attack on the morality system. (shrink)
- Multi-attribute proportional representation.JérômeLang &Piotr Skowron -2018 -Artificial Intelligence 263 (C):74-106.
- Selective Pressures: No-Platforming and Academic Freedom.GeraldLang -2023 -Pea Soup Blog.I investigate the case for being comparatively relaxed about academic no-platforming, based on the 'gatekeeping argument' and 'selectivity argument'. I find more to be concerned about than these arguments suggest.
- Punishment and the Rebalancing of Status.GeraldLang -2014 -Philosophy and Public Issues - Filosofia E Questioni Pubbliche 4 (3):53-67.
- Thinking Big, Thinking Small: Smilansky's Paradoxes.GeraldLang -2009 -Iyyun 58:277-291.
- The Just War Tradition and the Question of Authority.Anthony F.Lang -2009 -Journal of Military Ethics 8 (3):202-216.
- Free Speech and Liberal Community.GeraldLang -2018 - In Joe Saunders & Carl Fox,Media Ethics, Free Speech, and the Requirements of Democracy. Routledge. pp. 105-123.This essay offers a liberal, neo-Millian account of free speech, which attempts to fix some familiar bugs in Mill's account of free speech by focusing primarily on the right of free association, together with the permissibility of imposing restrictions to deal with, as Mill put it, ‘violations of good manners’ and ‘offences against decency’. It also uncovers a number of more conceptual puzzles with free speech. These can be resolved, it is contended, by regarding free speech as a practice.Export citation Bookmark
- (1 other version)The Concept of style.BerelLang (ed.) -1987 - Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.ILLUSTRATIONS Chapter 2 1. Roy Lichtenstein, Little Big Painting 83 2. Luis Buriuel, Viridiana (Last Supper scene) 86 3. ...
- The intentional fallacy revisited.BerelLang -1974 -British Journal of Aesthetics 14 (4):306-314.
- (1 other version)The Making of Religion.AndrewLang -1899 -Philosophical Review 8 (2):171-177.No categories
- Regulating Weapons: An Aristotelian Account.Anthony F.Lang -2023 -Ethics and International Affairs 37 (3):309-320.Regulating war has long been a concern of the international community. From the Hague Conventions to the Geneva Conventions and the multiple treaties and related institutions that have emerged in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, efforts to mitigate the horrors of war have focused on regulating weapons, defining combatants, and ensuring access to the battlefield for humanitarians. But regulation and legal codes alone cannot be the end point of an engaged ethical response to new weapons developments. This short essay reviews (...) some of the existing ethical works on lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS), highlighting how rule- and consequence-based accounts fail to provide adequate guidance for how to deal with them. I propose a virtue-based account, which I link up with an Aristotelian framework, for how the international community might better address these weapons systems. (shrink)
- What Does Ivan Ilyich Need To Be Rescued From?GeraldLang -2014 -Philosophy 89 (2):1-23.Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Ilyich describes how a man's exposure to imminent death allows him to secure redemption from a flawed life. Through close textual attention to Tolstoy's novella and extensive engagement with Frances Kamm's treatment of it, this article quarrels with this of Ivan's case, offering a sourer, more pessimistic view. It is argued that Ivan's reconciliation to death is facilitated by a series of mistakes he makes en route to his dying moments. Two more general lessons are (...) drawn: first, that we are all vulnerable to the mistakes Ivan makes, and second, that reflection on the quality of our lives does not present us with any obvious resources for coming to terms with our own deaths. (shrink)
- Normal enough? Krafft-Ebing, Freud, and homosexuality.BirgitLang -2021 -History of the Human Sciences 34 (2):90-112.This article analyses the slippery notions of the normal and normality in select works of Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840–1902) and Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and argues that homosexuality became a ‘boundary object’ between the normal and the abnormal in their works. Constructing homosexuality as ‘normal enough’ provided these two key thinkers of the fin de siècle with an opportunity to challenge societal and medical norms: Krafft-Ebing did this through mapping perversions; Freud, by challenging perceived norms about sexual development more broadly. The (...) article submits that the scientific logic presented in Krafft-Ebing’s seminal case study compilation Psychopathia Sexualis and Freud’s early theoretical writings and cases, including Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905), was itself haunted by notions of norms and the normal that were not always easy to resolve, and sometimes involved a certain amount of inspired conjecture on the part of both thinkers in order to develop and validate their differing tripartite models of normality. Krafft-Ebing imagined homosexuality as a variation of the normal by generalizing a gay male experience. He also recorded the obstreperous cases of homosexual women based largely inside the clinic but by and large ignored this evidence. Freud inextricably bound homosexuality to normality (and vice versa) by redefining homosexuals as a group to include individuals with unconscious same-sex desire. Doing so allowed him to conceptualize the fear of homosexuality as crucial in the formation of neurosis and psychosis, and at the same time put him at odds with relevant early identity politics. (shrink)
- La Convention citoyenne pour le climat vue du droit de l’environnement : un dispositif participatif singulier en voie d’institutionnalisation.Agathe VanLang -2020 -Archives de Philosophie du Droit 62 (1):509-525.Cette contribution étudie les caractéristiques de la Convention citoyenne pour le climat en tant que nouvelle procédure participative. Confrontée aux catégories du droit de l’environnement, ainsi qu’à d’autres modèles informels qui l’ont précédée, elle affirme sa singularité. Son intégration particulière dans le processus normatif y participe également. En effet, la traduction juridique des propositions de la Convention est déjà amorcée. En outre, la réforme en cours du Conseil économique, social et environnemental devrait pérenniser l’organisation de délibérations entre citoyens tirés au (...) sort, inscrivant ainsi le prototype de la Convention pour le climat dans un dispositif participatif renouvelé. (shrink)No categories
- Music in Western CivilizationThe Opera: A History of Its Creation and Performance: 1600-1941.E. N. B.,Paul HenryLang,Wallace Brockway &Herbert Weinstock -1942 -Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 2 (6):70.
- Hate Speech and the Limits of Free Speech.GeraldLang -2024 - In Carl Fox & Joe Saunders,Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Media Ethics. Routledge. pp. 21-31.Hate speech involves the vilification of individuals for characteristics such as ethnicity, religion, and sex. The argument for and against the regulation of hate speech is controversial, partly because it remains unclear whether hate speech is encompassed by general arguments for free speech. Some think that the opportunity to engage in hate speech is the price we must pay for living in a democratic society where individuals take responsibility for what they think and can freely contribute to the moral and (...) social environment. Others think that hate speech undermines the dignity or sets back the interests of those who are vilified by it, and thus should be regulated. It is argued here that one way of making progress with these issues to think more carefully about a set of rights which underpin the opportunities we can expect to get in a society that takes free speech seriously: these are rights of association and disassociation. In taking these rights seriously, we can see the outlines of a principled case for regulating hate speech. (shrink)Export citation Bookmark
- The Shenzi Fragments: A Philosophical Analysis and Translation.EirikLang Harris -2016 - New York: Columbia University Press. Edited by Dao Shen.The Shenzi Fragments is the first complete translation in any Western language of the extant work of Shen Dao (350–275 B.C.E.). Though his writings have been recounted and interpreted in many texts, particularly in the work of Xunzi and Han Fei, very few Western scholars have encountered the political philosopher's original, influential formulations. This volume contains both a translation and an analysis of the Shenzi Fragments. It explains their distillation of the potent political theories circulating in China during the Warring (...) States period, along with their seminal relationship to the Taoist and Legalist traditions and the philosophies of the Lüshi Chunqiu and the Huainanzi. These fragments outline a rudimentary theory of political order modeled on the natural world that recognizes the role of human self-interest in maintaining stable rule. Casting the natural world as an independent, amoral system, Shen Dao situates the source of moral judgment firmly within the human sphere, prompting political philosophy to develop in realistic directions. Harris's sophisticated translation is paired with commentary that clarifies difficult passages and obscure references. For sections open to multiple interpretations, he offers resources for further research and encourages readers to follow their own path to meaning, much as Shen Dao intended. The Shenzi Fragments offers English-language readers a chance to grasp the full significance of Shen Dao's work among the pantheon of Chinese intellectuals. (shrink)
- (1 other version)How Far Can You Go With Quietism?GeraldLang -2010 -Problema 4:3-37.Ronald Dworkin’s Justice for Hedgehogs renews and amplifies his earlier attacks on metaethics. This article reviews the main lineaments of Dworkin’s anti-metaethical arguments and discusses, in detail, a number of issues which arise from them. First, it is suggested that Dworkin’s appraisal of what is doing most of the explanatory work in his account is largely askew. Second, it is claimed that Dworkin’s allegation that expressivism is self-defeating is wide of the mark, but that another charge in the same vicinity (...) might be more effective. Third, it is argued that Dworkin’s incuriosity about moral metaphysics is misplaced. What his arguments actually support is an opposition to leaving metaphysical hostages to fortune, rather than an opposition to pursuing greater clarification about moral metaphysics. In this connection, it is tentatively suggested that Dworkin might be tempted by a certain version of naturalism. (shrink)
- How Resilient is the War Contract?GeraldLang -2022 -Law and Philosophy 41 (6):741-761.In _War By Agreement_, Yitzhak Benbaji and Daniel Statman argue that the morality of war can be governed by a freely accepted agreement over the principles that apply to it. This war contract supersedes the application of the principles of everyday morality to war, thus defying ‘revisionist’ approaches to war, and it upholds a recognizable version of traditional just war theory. This article argues for three claims. First, the contractarian apparatus Benbaji and Statman deploy is actually inconsistent with the deep (...) reasoning they advance on its behalf, since, unsatisfactorily, the contract is supposed to retain normative force even when it is breached by aggressors. Second, the underlying character of their theory makes it something closer to a consequentialist account. Third, this new understanding of their account renders it less distinct from certain articulations of revisionism than they think. (shrink)
- Moral Relativism & Cultural Chauvanism.GeraldLang -2002 -Philosophy Now 36:24-27.
- Earthquake Prediction.BerelLang -1983 -Environmental Ethics 5 (1):3-19.The occurrence of earthquakes is usually ignored or discounted as an environmental issue, but the environmental relevance of the science of earthquake prediction is demonstrable. The social consequences of such predictions, when they are accurate, and even (once a general pattern of accuracy has been achieved) when they fail, have implications of such varied environmental issues as land-use control, building codes, social and economic costs (for predictions made when no earthquake occurs or for failures to predict earthquakes which do occur). (...) Lay members of the public are more directly involved in programs of earthquake prediction than in almost all other instances of scientific prediction, if only because the scientific findings require public participation in order to have any effect at all. Attention must be paid, accordingly, to the effect of specific public and social values on the practice of earthquake prediction-ranging from such broadly based ones as conceptions of the general relation between man and nature to narrower ones like the cost-benefit analysis of a program of earthquake prediction itself. Because of the close connection between the efficacy of earthquake prediction and public attitudes, moreover, certain questions concerning the social character of “normal” science and the deprofessionalization of scientific institutions are highlighted in this context. (shrink)
- Ein therapeutisches Christentum: Oskar Pfister und Eugen Drewermann.BernhardLang -1997 -Archive for the Psychology of Religion 22 (1):116-135.No categories
- Folk-Lore in Hesiod.A.Lang -1893 -The Classical Review 7 (10):453-.No categories
- Georg Henrik von Wright über die Verschiedenheit des Guten und den begrifflichen Rahmen moralischer Urteile.DieterLang -1991 -Perspektiven der Philosophie 17:283-290.
- Marxism and Art: Writings in Aesthetics and Criticism.BerelLang &Forrest Williams -1973 -Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 32 (1):118-119.
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
Darrell P. Rowbottom
Aleksandra Samonek
Constantine Sandis
Howard Sankey
Jonathan Schaffer
Thomas Senor
Daniel Star
Jussi Suikkanen
Aness Kim Webster
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