The Renaissance of Shamanic Dance in Indian Populations of North America.Wolfgang G. Jilek -1992 -Diogenes 40 (158):87-100.detailsConsecutive waves of paleolithic migrants crossing the Bering land bridge from Siberia to North America between 80,000 and 7,000 b.c. brought with them the shamanic way of harnessing supernatural powers. This way prevailed until the White intrusion 400 years ago, into the living space of the aboriginal peoples of North America. Wherever European political, religious, and economic dominance was established, shamanic institutions became the focus of negative attention. The shamanic practitioner was variously depicted by governmental and ecclesiastic authorities as a (...) charlatan and imposter or a purveyor of evil influence. Some well-known ethnological and medico-psychological experts have until very recently portrayed the shaman as a mentally deranged person whose “primitive” culture permits the acting-out of psychopathology in a prestigious role, a eurocentric and positivistic fallacy rooted in Western misinterpretations of learned behavior manifested during shamanic rituals involving altered states of consciousness. Legal measures to suppress shamanic ceremonials were taken in the United States, especially in the aftermath of the Ghost Dance. This shaman-inspired movement, originating in the Prophet Dance of the Pacific Northwest (Spier 1935), sent waves of hectic sacro-nativistic ceremonial activity through many Amerindian tribes, and finally culminated in the Sioux uprising of 1890 which ended in the tragedy of Wounded Knee (cf. Mooney 1896). (shrink)
War and sacrifice.PalaverWolfgang -2018 -Metodo. International Studies in Phenomenology and Philosophy 6 (2):41-70.detailsThis essay compares Jan Patočka’s challenging reflections on war and sacrifice with René Girard’s cultural anthropology. Both these thinkers questioned the usual understanding of these terms and emphasized how strongly conflicts dominate human life. Concerning war, both recognized the dangers of seeking security and comfort only. These parallels in the work of Patočka and Girard should, however, not blur the differences them. The most important difference stems from their attitudes towards Martin Heidegger. Despite the fact that Patočka tried to surpass (...) Heidegger, he was still committed to his basic framework. Like Heidegger, Patočka criticized onto-theology and treated death as an unsurmountable barrier close but not identical to Heidegger’s being towards death. Contrary to Patočka, Girard distanced himself repeatedly and continuously from Heidegger, whom he saw as a representative of the archaic sacred with its root in violence. (shrink)
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Reflections on the Natural Philosophy of Goethe.Wolfgang Yourgrau -1951 -Philosophy 26 (96):69 - 84.detailsLichtenberg, the German philosopher and physicist, once remarked: “It is almost impossible to carry the torch of truth through a crowd without singeing someone's beard.” Goethe, coeval with Lichtenberg, possessed by the conviction that he too was the bearer of truth, recked not whose beard was singed. Between his scientific attitude and his philosophic insight, however, a contradiction was patent, as revealed in his maxim that truth is a torch and that it is only with blinking eyes that we try (...) to get past it, whilst in actual terror of being burnt. (shrink)
Kritik der Lebenskunst.Wolfgang Kersting &Claus Langbehn (eds.) -2007 - Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.detailsDie Lebenskunstliteratur boomt. Nicht nur in der Wissenschaft stößt sie auf zunehmendes Interesse, sondern auch und vor allem in der breiten Öffentlichkeit. Mit Fug und Recht läßt sich daher behaupten, daß sie nicht nur die jüngste Gestalt der in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wiedererwachten Praktischen Philosophie ist, sondern auch Symptom eines verbreiteten lebensethischen Orientierungsbedürfnisses. Der Band unternimmt, was diese Situation verlangt: eine philosophisch angemessene Kritik der Lebenskunst im Sinne der Anspruchsüberführung und Grenzziehung. In Auseinandersetzung mit bestehenden Lebenskonzepten unterziehen (...) die Autoren das Lebenskunstprogramm und seine ethische Orientierungsleistung einer genauen und vor allem kritischen Analyse. Eine Einleitung führt in das Thema ein und untersucht insbesondere das Verhältnis der Lebenskunst zur klassischen Ethik, zur modernen Moralphilosophie sowie zu verschiedenen Formen der Lebensbewältigungspsychologie.. (shrink)
"Unbestimmte Begriffe" bei Leibniz.Wolfgang Lenzen -1984 -Studia Leibnitiana 16:1.detailsIn many of his logical writings, G. W. Leibniz makes use of two kinds of symbols : while A, B, C, . . . stand for certain determinate or definite concepts, X, Y, Z, . . . are referred to as "indefinite concepts". We investigate the various rôles played by these variables and show i) that their most important function consists in serving as quantifiers ; ii) that Leibniz's elliptic representation of the quantifiers by means of two sorts of „indefinite (...) concepts” leads to certain difficulties; iii) that despite these problems Leibniz anticipated the most fundamental logical principles for the quantifiers and may thus be viewed as a forerunner of modern predicate logic. (shrink)
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Mimesis and Nemesis: The Economy as a Theological Problem.Wolfgang Palaver -1999 -Telos: Critical Theory of the Contemporary 1999 (117):79-112.detailsGlobalization, today's most significant economic phenomenon, has as many detractors as defenders, and has recently become the focus of protests by students, anarchists and organized labor. Although many of its detractors have economic axes to grind, many others object to globalization on social, political and religious grounds.1 Thus, it might be well to go back to some of the very early—mythical, philosophical, and Biblical—sources of economic and political thinking to understand how religion played a part in the political taming of (...) economic competition. Hesiod's Economic Theology Competition, one of the governing principles of economics, is often seen as a major…. (shrink)
Who telleth a tale of unspeaking death?Wolfgang Marx (ed.) -2017 - Dublin, Ireland: Carysfort Press.detailsThis thought-provoking volume of essays, wide-ranging in scope and interdisciplinary in its approach, engages with questions surrounding the many meanings ascribed to death and the memorialisation of the dead. In its eight essays, it traverses whole thought-continents: from those who muse that "death has happened since the beginning of time; it is not to upset you today" to the stark presentation of a reality which erodes the human face and thus a person's individuality. What clearly emerges are the many respects (...) in which death itself has been and, indeed, remains, contested ground (both literally and metaphorically). This collection is an important contribution to the ever-expanding field of studies on Death and Dying." - Salvador Ryan - ed., Death and the Irish: a Miscellany (Dublin: Wordwell Books, 2016). (shrink)
Technische Intelligenz im Exil. Zum Einfluß emigrierter deutschsprachiger Ingenieure auf die Ingenieurwissenschaften in Großbritannien 1933 bis 1945.Wolfgang Mock -1984 -Berichte Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 7 (3):145-159.detailsThis article deals with the emigration and the experiences of the professional group of engineers in their British exile, trying to evaluate the influences these refugee engineers had on the British engineering science. The approach is not limited to engineering research at universities or technical colleges, but tries to include the aspect of research and development on the level of the firm. Limits and constraints of gaining influence in British engineering are discussed, such as different values and traditions as well (...) as the different traditions in technical education and the role of the engineering graduate in industry. Finally attempts are made to establish some fields of engineering where an identifiable influence can be traced without exaggerating the general influence of these German speaking refugee engineers. Those identifiable fields are machine tools, fuel technology and district heating. (shrink)
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Aristoteles’ Zweite Analytik und ihr metaphysischer Hintergrund.Wolfgang Detel -2014 -Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 96 (4):431-462.detailsName der Zeitschrift: Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie Jahrgang: 96 Heft: 4 Seiten: 431-462.
Millikan über natürliche und intentionale Zeichen.Wolfgang Detel -2010 -Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 58 (6):893-912.detailsIn this paper, I look at Millikan′s theory of local natural signs as presented in Varieties of Meaning. I try to make sense of the exact way Millikan relates the notion of natural signs with intentional signs. Compared to traditional views, for instance in semiotics, Millikan′s approach represents, as I see it, a remarkable theoretical progress in clarifying the conditions under which organisms can interpret and use natural signs as elementary representations. This approach is also helpful for illustrating more clearly (...) in what way teleosemantics must be based on an independent theory of representation and should take on a non-dretskenean, consumer-orientated form. (shrink)
Zur Interpretation der Emotionen fiktiver Figuren in fiktionaler Literatur: Eine systematische Analyse anhand von Flauberts "Madame Bovary".Wolfgang Detel -2015 - In Jan Borkowski, Stefan Descher, Felicitas Ferder & Philipp David Heine,Literatur interpretieren: Interdisziplinäre Beiträge zur Theorie und Praxis. Mentis. pp. 277-314.detailsDie Hypothese meines Beitrags ist, dass Interpretationen fiktionaler Romane zum Teil rationale Erklärungen der emotionalen Zustände fiktiver Romanfiguren sein sollten. Der Hintergrund dieser Hypothese ist zum einen die generelle Definition von Interpretationen als rationalen Erklärungen und zum anderen die neue Theorie der affektiven Intentionalität von Gefühlen (eine Variante der kognitiven Gefühlstheorie). Diese Theorie unterscheidet mehrere Komponenten von Gefühlen und weist nach, dass eine überwiegend rationale Vernetzung dieser Komponenten eine notwendige Bedingung für ihre Interpretation ist (Abschnitt 1). Dieser methodische Zugriff lässt (...) sich an geeigneten Romanen testen und verifizieren, beispielsweise an Flauberts 'Madame Bovary' – einer fiktionalen Geschichte, die sich als eine einzige komplexe und verkettete rationale Erklärung der suizidalen Verzweiflung Emmas deuten lässt. Das bedeutet allerdings nicht, dass eine solche rationale Erklärung die Interpretation fiktionaler Romane ausschöpft. Vielmehr lassen sich fünf verschiedene, ineinandergreifende Stufen von Romaninterpretationen unterscheiden (Abschnitt 2). Gerade wenn Literaturinterpretationen eine komplexe Form annehmen, wird das bekannte Paradox virulent, dass wir uns bemüßigt fühlen, komplexe Interpretationen der Emotionen und Handlungen von Figuren zu liefern, die nicht existieren. In neueren Arbeiten zeichnet sich eine primär psychologische Lösung dieses Paradoxes ab. Zu dieser Lösung gehört der Befund, dass das Bemühen um rationale Erklärungen fiktiver Figuren unsere Fähigkeit, reale Personen in unserem sozialen Umfeld, aber auch in fremden Kulturen angemessen zu interpretieren, in erstaunlichem Ausmaß fördert. (shrink)
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Variationen über die vielen Frieden.Wolfgang Dietrich -2008 - Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.detailsBd. 1. Deutungen -- Bd. 2. Elicitive Konflikttransformation und die transrationale Wende der Friedenspolitik.
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Schöpfung und Freiheit. Ein kosmologischer Schlüssel zu Kants Kompatibilismus.Wolfgang Ertl -2008 - In Norbert Fischer,Kants Metaphysik und Religions philosophie. pp. 43-76.detailsI examine two recent accounts of Kant's version of compatibilism, i.e., Hudson's reconstruction of Kant as an "anomalous monist" avant la lettre, and Wood's interpretation along the lines of a modified version of Boethius's "eternity solution". To retain the advantages of both strategies, yet avoid their respective shortcomings, I suggest approaching Kant's doctrine from his theology lectures and their concept of universal providence. This (probably Molinist) notion, an integral element of the regulative use of reason, allows Kant to regard, in (...) part, the actual laws of nature as a function of the individual characters of human beings. (shrink)
Schlaglicht: Indikator.Wolfgang Meyer -2023 - In Julia Mörtel, Alfred Nordmann & Oliver Schlaudt,Indikatoren in Entscheidungsprozessen: Stärken und strukturelle Schwächen. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. pp. 17-19.detailsIndikatoren sind Anzeiger, die zur Steuerung verwendet werden. Als Anzeiger dienen sie dazu, Auskunft über Gegenstände oder Sachverhalte zu geben, die nicht, schwer oder nur unter großem Aufwand messbar sind. In der Regel werden quantitative Maßzahlen erstellt, die entsprechend dem eigentlich interessierenden Objekt interpretiert werden (Kenngrößen).
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