Results for 'Willis Copeland'
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- Critical Thinking in the Secondary School: the Arms Race as a Focus for Study.David Taylor,Louise Komp,Joyce Kent,Robert B. Everhart &WillisCopeland -1985 -Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 5 (4):321-321.No categories
- Flemming, Willi, Dr., die Begründung der modernen Ästhetik und Kunstwissenschaft durch Leon Battista Alberti.Willi Flemming -1917 -Kant Studien 21 (1-3).No categories
- The Essential Turing.B. J.Copeland (ed.) -2004 - Oxford University Press UK.Lectures, scientific papers, top secret wartime material, correspondence, and broadcasts are introduced and set in context by JackCopeland, Director of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing."--Jacket.
- Doing Justice in Our Cities: Lessons in Public Policy From America's Heartland.Warren R.Copeland -2009 - Westminster John Knox Press.Copeland draws from his experience of more than two decades in both city politics and as a professor of religion, and addresses head-on the issue of Christian ...
- Moog, Willy, Logik, Psychologie und Psychologismus.Willy Moog -1920 -Kant Studien 25 (1).
- Moog, Willy, Das Verhältnis der Philosophie zu den Einzelwissenschaften.Willy Moog -1920 -Kant Studien 25 (1).No categories
- Splettstösser, Willi, Dr., Oberlehrer, Dozent a. d. Humboldt-Akademie zu Berlin. Der Grundgedanke in Goethes Faust.Willi Splettstösser -1911 -Kant Studien 16 (1-3).No categories
- The Church-Turing Thesis.B. JackCopeland -2012 - In Ed Zalta,Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford, CA: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.There are various equivalent formulations of the Church-Turing thesis. A common one is that every effective computation can be carried out by a Turing machine. The Church-Turing thesis is often misunderstood, particularly in recent writing in the philosophy of mind.
- The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life: Plus the Secrets of Enigma.JackCopeland (ed.) -2004 - Oxford University Press.Alan M. Turing, pioneer of computing and WWII codebreaker, is one of the most important and influential thinkers of the twentieth century. In this volume for the first time his key writings are made available to a broad, non-specialist readership. They make fascinating reading both in their own right and for their historic significance: contemporary computational theory, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life all spring from this ground-breaking work, which is also rich in philosophical and logical insight. An introduction (...) by leading Turing expert JackCopeland provides the background and guides the reader through the selection. About Alan Turing Alan Turing FRS OBE, (1912-1954) studied mathematics at King's College, Cambridge. He was elected a Fellow of King's in March 1935, at the age of only 22. In the same year he invented the abstract computing machines - now known simply as Turing machines - on which all subsequent stored-program digital computers are modelled. During 1936-1938 Turing continued his studies, now at Princeton University. He completed a PhD in mathematical logic, analysing the notion of 'intuition' in mathematics and introducing the idea of oracular computation, now fundamental in mathematical recursion theory. An 'oracle' is an abstract device able to solve mathematical problems too difficult for the universal Turing machine. In the summer of 1938 Turing returned to his Fellowship at King's. When WWII started in 1939 he joined the wartime headquarters of the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire. Building on earlier work by Polish cryptanalysts, Turing contributed crucially to the design of electro-mechanical machines ('bombes') used to decipher Enigma, the code by means of which the German armed forces sought to protect their radio communications. Turing's work on the version of Enigma used by the German navy was vital to the battle for supremacy in the North Atlantic. He also contributed to the attack on the cyphers known as 'Fish'. Based on binary teleprinter code, Fish was used during the latter part of the war in preference to morse-based Enigma for the encryption of high-level signals, for example messages from Hitler and other members of the German High Command. It is estimated that the work of GC&CS shortened the war in Europe by at least two years. Turing received the Order of the British Empire for the part he played. In 1945, the war over, Turing was recruited to the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in London, his brief to design and develop an electronic computer - a concrete form of the universal Turing machine. Turing's report setting out his design for the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was the first relatively complete specification of an electronic stored-program general-purpose digital computer. Delays beyond Turing's control resulted in NPL's losing the race to build the world's first working electronic stored-program digital computer - an honour that went to the Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory at Manchester University, in June 1948. Discouraged by the delays at NPL, Turing took up the Deputy Directorship of the Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory in that year. Turing was a founding father of modern cognitive science and a leading early exponent of the hypothesis that the human brain is in large part a digital computing machine, theorising that the cortex at birth is an 'unorganised machine' which through 'training' becomes organised 'into a universal machine or something like it'. He also pioneered Artificial Intelligence. Turing spent the rest of his short career at Manchester University, being appointed to a specially created Readership in the Theory of Computing in May 1953. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in March 1951 (a high honour). (shrink)
- Between Past and Present: An Essay on History.John W.Copeland -1959 -Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 19 (4):546-547.No categories
- The (black) Jesus of detroit.M. ShawnCopeland -2012 - In George Yancy,Christology and Whiteness: what would Jesus do? New York: Routledge. pp. 180.
- The Conjunction Fallacy.JackCopeland &Diane Proudfoot -2003 -Logique Et Analyse 181:7-12.Export citation
Bookmark - The trauma of chattel slavery : (im)possibility of agency/autonomy.M. ShawnCopeland -2025 - In Christopher J. Insole & Benjamin R. DeSpain,Redeeming autonomy: secular and theological crossings. New York: T&T Clark.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- On Alan Turing's Anticipation of Connectionism.JackCopeland &Diane Proudfoot -1996 -Synthese 108:361-367.It is not widely realised that Turing was probably the first person to consider building computing machines out of simple, neuron-like elements connected together into networks in a largely random manner. Turing called his networks 'unorganised machines'. By the application of what he described as 'appropriate interference, mimicking education' an unorganised machine can be trained to perform any task that a Turing machine can carry out, provided the number of 'neurons' is sufficient. Turing proposed simulating both the behaviour of the (...) network and the training process by means of a computer program. We outline Turing's connectionist project of 1948. (shrink)
- Do Accelerating Turing Machines Compute the Uncomputable?B. JackCopeland &Oron Shagrir -2011 -Minds and Machines 21 (2):221-239.Accelerating Turing machines have attracted much attention in the last decade or so. They have been described as “the work-horse of hypercomputation” (Potgieter and Rosinger 2010: 853). But do they really compute beyond the “Turing limit”—e.g., compute the halting function? We argue that the answer depends on what you mean by an accelerating Turing machine, on what you mean by computation, and even on what you mean by a Turing machine. We show first that in the current literature the term (...) “accelerating Turing machine” is used to refer to two very different species of accelerating machine, which we call end-stage-in and end-stage-out machines, respectively. We argue that end-stage-in accelerating machines are not Turing machines at all. We then present two differing conceptions of computation, the internal and the external, and introduce the notion of an epistemic embedding of a computation. We argue that no accelerating Turing machine computes the halting function in the internal sense. Finally, we distinguish between two very different conceptions of the Turing machine, the purist conception and the realist conception; and we argue that Turing himself was no subscriber to the purist conception. We conclude that under the realist conception, but not under the purist conception, an accelerating Turing machine is able to compute the halting function in the external sense. We adopt a relatively informal approach throughout, since we take the key issues to be philosophical rather than mathematical. (shrink)
- Phylogenetic Systematics.Willi Hennig,D. Dwight Davis &Rainer Zangerl -1980 -Philosophy of Science 47 (3):499-502.
- Artificial Intelligence: A Philosophical Introduction.B. JackCopeland -1993 - Cambridge: Blackwell.Presupposing no familiarity with the technical concepts of either philosophy or computing, this clear introduction reviews the progress made in AI since the inception of the field in 1956.Copeland goes on to analyze what those working in AI must achieve before they can claim to have built a thinking machine and appraises their prospects of succeeding.There are clear introductions to connectionism and to the language of thought hypothesis which weave together material from philosophy, artificial intelligence and neuroscience. John (...) Searle's attacks on AI and cognitive science are countered and close attention is given to foundational issues, including the nature of computation, Turing Machines, the Church-Turing Thesis and the difference between classical symbol processing and parallel distributed processing. The book also explores the possibility of machines having free will and consciousness and concludes with a discussion of in what sense the human brain may be a computer. (shrink)
- Super turing-machines.B. JackCopeland -1998 -Complexity 4 (1):30-32.
- What is computation?B. JackCopeland -1996 -Synthese 108 (3):335-59.To compute is to execute an algorithm. More precisely, to say that a device or organ computes is to say that there exists a modelling relationship of a certain kind between it and a formal specification of an algorithm and supporting architecture. The key issue is to delimit the phrase of a certain kind. I call this the problem of distinguishing between standard and nonstandard models of computation. The successful drawing of this distinction guards Turing's 1936 analysis of computation against (...) a difficulty that has persistently been raised against it, and undercuts various objections that have been made to the computational theory of mind. (shrink)
- The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life P Lus the Secrets of Enigma.B. JackCopeland (ed.) -2004 - Oxford, England: Oxford University Press UK.Alan Turing, pioneer of computing and WWII codebreaker, is one of the most important and influential thinkers of the twentieth century. In this volume for the first time his key writings are made available to a broad, non-specialist readership. They make fascinating reading both in their own right and for their historic significance: contemporary computational theory, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life all spring from this ground-breaking work, which is also rich in philosophical and logical insight.
- Even Turing machines can compute uncomputable functions.JackCopeland -unknownAccelerated Turing machines are Turing machines that perform tasks commonly regarded as impossible, such as computing the halting function. The existence of these notional machines has obvious implications concerning the theoretical limits of computability.
- From the Entscheidungsproblem to the Personal Computer–and Beyond.B. JackCopeland -2011 - In Matthias Baaz,Kurt Gödel and the foundations of mathematics: horizons of truth. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 151.No categories
- The Promise of Modern Life: An Interrelational View.John W.Copeland -1958 -Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 19 (4):547-547.No categories
- Turing and the Computer.JackCopeland &Diane Proudfoot -2012 - In B. Jack Copeland,Alan Turing's Electronic Brain: The Struggle to Build the Ace, the World's Fastest Computer. Oxford University Press. pp. 107-148.
- Spinoza's Modernity: Mendelssohn, Lessing, and Heine.Willi Goetschel -2003 - University of Wisconsin Press._Spinoza’s Modernity _is a major, original work of intellectual history that reassesses the philosophical project of Baruch Spinoza, uncovers his influence on later thinkers, and demonstrates how that crucial influence on Moses Mendelssohn, G. E. Lessing, and Heinrich Heine shaped the development of modern critical thought. Excommunicated by his Jewish community, Spinoza was a controversial figure in his lifetime and for centuries afterward. Willi Goetschel shows how Spinoza’s philosophy was a direct challenge to the theological and metaphysical assumptions of modern (...) European thought. He locates the driving force of this challenge in Spinoza’s Jewishness, which is deeply inscribed in his philosophy and defines the radical nature of his modernity. (shrink)
- The trouble Anderson and Belnap have with relevance.B. J.Copeland -1980 -Philosophical Studies 37 (4):325 - 334.
- Self-trust and critical thinking online: a relational account.Lavinia Marin &Samantha MarieCopeland -2022 -Social Epistemology (6):696-708.An increasingly popular solution to the anti-scientific climate rising on social media platforms has been the appeal to more critical thinking from the user's side. In this paper, we zoom in on the ideal of critical thinking and unpack it in order to see, specifically, whether it can provide enough epistemic agency so that users endowed with it can break free from enclosed communities on social media (so called epistemic bubbles). We criticise some assumptions embedded in the ideal of critical (...) thinking online and, instead, we propose that a better way to understand the virtuous behaviour at hand is as critical engagement, namely a mutual cultivation of critical skills among the members of an epistemic bubble. This mutual cultivation allows members within an epistemic bubble (in contrast, as we will show, with the authority-based models of epistemic echo chambers) to become more autonomous critical thinkers by cultivating self-trust. We use the model of relational autonomy as well as resources from work on epistemic self-trust and epistemic interdependence to develop an explanatory framework, which in turn may ground rules for identifying and creating virtuous epistemic bubbles within the environments of social media platforms. (shrink)
- Arthur prior.B. JackCopeland -2008 -Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Hypercomputation.B. JackCopeland -2002 -Minds and Machines 12 (4):461-502.A survey of the field of hypercomputation, including discussion of a variety of objections.
- Knowledge and development.Willis F. Overton &Jeanette McCarthy Gallagher (eds.) -1977 - New York: Plenum Press.From an informal group of a dozen faculty and graduate students at Temple University, the Jean Piaget Society grew in seven years to 500 members who have interests in the application of genetic epistemology to their own disciplines and professions. At the outset Piaget endorsed the concept of a society which bore his name and presented a major address on equilibration at the society's first symposium in May, 1971. Had he not done so the society would no doubt have remained (...) a small parochial group, like so many others throughout the country, interested in Piaget and his theory. With the encouragement of Genevans and the leadership of its first four presidents, Lois Macomber, Barbara Press eisen, Marilyn Appel, and John Mickelson, the society undertook a number of programs to collect and disseminate the results of scholarly work in genetic epistemology. Particular emphasis was placed upon applications of Piaget's theory to developmental psychology, philos ophy, and education. One of these programs was the publication of an annual series on the development of knowing, of which this volume is the first. In 1973, the society asked Hans Furth with the assistance ofWillis Overton and Jeanette Gallagher to initiate and plan a series of yearbooks with the result that in addition to this volume, a second volume on education was commissioned, and a third one on the decalage issue was planned. (shrink)
- The Turing test.B. JackCopeland -2000 -Minds and Machines 10 (4):519-539.Turing''s test has been much misunderstood. Recently unpublished material by Turing casts fresh light on his thinking and dispels a number of philosophical myths concerning the Turing test. Properly understood, the Turing test withstands objections that are popularly believed to be fatal.
- Computation.B. JackCopeland -2003 - In Luciano Floridi,The Blackwell guide to the philosophy of computing and information. Blackwell. pp. 1–17.The prelims comprise: The Birth of the Modern Computer What is a Turing Machine? The Basic Operations of a Turing Machine Human Computation The Church—Turing Thesis Beyond the Universal Turing Machine Misunderstandings of the Church—Turing Thesis: The Limits of Machines Conclusion.No categories
- On when a semantics is not a semantics: Some reasons for disliking the Routley-Meyer semantics for relevance logic.B. J.Copeland -1979 -Journal of Philosophical Logic 8 (1):399-413.
- Tense trees: a tree system for ${\rm K}_{{\rm t}}$.B. J.Copeland -1983 -Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 24 (3):318-322.
- Argumentum Stat. Theb. 1,9-12.Willy Schetter -1989 -Hermes 117 (2):245-246.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- An Interview with PaulWillis: Commodification, Resistance and Reproduction.PaulWillis,Marco Santoro &Roberta Sassatelli -2009 -European Journal of Social Theory 12 (2):265-289.No categories
- Managing New Salespeople’s Ethical Behaviors during Repetitive Failures: When Trying to Help Actually Hurts.Willy Bolander,William J. Zahn,Terry W. Loe &Melissa Clark -2017 -Journal of Business Ethics 144 (3):519-532.Despite acknowledgment that performance failure among new salespeople is a prevalent issue for organizations, researchers do not fully understand the consequences of repetitive periods of failure on new salespeople’s unethical selling behaviors. Further, little is known about how a sales force’s reward structure and managerial attempts to intervene following failure affect new salespeople’s behavior. Combining an experiment with longitudinal growth models, we show that repetitive periods of failure increase unethical behaviors, and interventions intended to remind the salesperson to behave in (...) the customer’s best interests attenuate this effect under a non-contingent reward structure. However, counter to managerial assumptions, under a contingent reward structure these customer-oriented interventions actually backfire by amplifying the original relationship between repetitive failure and unethical behaviors. The results have potentially important managerial implications for those who manage new salespeople learning how to sell or during other failure-prone periods. (shrink)
- Words and pictures in an STM task.Willi Ternes &John C. Yuille -1972 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 96 (1):78.
- Accelerating Turing machines.B. JackCopeland -2002 -Minds and Machines 12 (2):281-300.Accelerating Turing machines are Turing machines of a sort able to perform tasks that are commonly regarded as impossible for Turing machines. For example, they can determine whether or not the decimal representation of contains n consecutive 7s, for any n; solve the Turing-machine halting problem; and decide the predicate calculus. Are accelerating Turing machines, then, logically impossible devices? I argue that they are not. There are implications concerning the nature of effective procedures and the theoretical limits of computability. Contrary (...) to a recent paper by Bringsjord, Bello and Ferrucci, however, the concept of an accelerating Turing machine cannot be used to shove up Searle's Chinese room argument. (shrink)
- Double victims: Fictional representations of women in the holocaust.ShaunaCopeland -2003 -Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal 4.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- The indeterminacy of computation.Nir Fresco,B. JackCopeland &Marty J. Wolf -2021 -Synthese 199 (5-6):12753-12775.Do the dynamics of a physical system determine what function the system computes? Except in special cases, the answer is no: it is often indeterminate what function a given physical system computes. Accordingly, care should be taken when the question ‘What does a particular neuronal system do?’ is answered by hypothesising that the system computes a particular function. The phenomenon of the indeterminacy of computation has important implications for the development of computational explanations of biological systems. Additionally, the phenomenon lends (...) some support to the idea that a single neuronal structure may perform multiple cognitive functions, each subserved by a different computation. We provide an overarching conceptual framework in order to further the philosophical debate on the nature of computational indeterminacy and computational explanation. (shrink)No categories
- Postmodernism and history.Willie Thompson -2004 - New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.Willie Thompson offers a clear, jargon-free introduction to postmodernist theory and its significant impact on the study of history. This is a hotly-debated topic, and much of the literature is both polemical and inaccessible to the novice. Thompson, however, presents key ideas in a straightforward way, making these debates relevant to students' own work.
- The Philosophy of Descartes Set.Willis Doney -2004 - Routledge.First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
- Die Fuge als epochales Kompositionsprinzip des deutschen Barock.Willi Flemming -1958 -Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft Und Geistesgeschichte 32 (4):483-515.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- Irrational oder rational?Willy Freytag -1935 - Berlin,: Junker und Dünnhaupt.
- Die Wahrheit.Willy Greinert -1929 - Berlin,: Berliner Kommissionsbuchhandlung.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- Die deutsche Philosophie des 20. Jahrhunderts in ihren Hauptrichtungen un ihren Grundproblemen.Willy Moog (ed.) -1922 - Stuttgart,: F. Enke.No categories
- Ideology, Expression, and Mediation in Marx, Raphael and Lukács.Willis H. Truitt -1972 -Philosophical Forum 3 (3):468.Export citation Bookmark
- Thematic and symbolic ideology in the works of E. M. Forster in memoriam.Willis H. Truitt -1971 -Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 30 (1):101-109.
- Eros in the Age of Technical Reproductibility: Socrates, Plato and the Erotics of Filiation.IkaWillis -2010 - In Miriam Leonard,Derrida and antiquity. New York: Oxford University Press.Export citation Bookmark
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
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Area Editors:
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Gwen Bradford
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David Chalmers
James Chase
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Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
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Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
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Brandon Look
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Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
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