Results for 'William B. Stason'
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- Allocating Resources: The Case of Hypertension.Milton C. Weinstein &William B.Stason -1977 -Hastings Center Report 7 (5):24-29.
- The impact of psychological factors on placebo responses in a randomized controlled trial comparing sham device to dummy pill.Suzanne M. Bertisch,Anna R. T. Legedza,Russell S. Phillips,Roger B. Davis,William B.Stason,Rose H. Goldman &Ted J. Kaptchuk -2009 -Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 15 (1):14-19.
- Symbolic Logic and Appraisal of Argument.William B. Griffith -1975 -Teaching Philosophy 1 (1):13-20.
- Welfare Rights. [REVIEW]William B. Griffith -1984 -Teaching Philosophy 7 (4):351-352.
- A Preference Semantics for Imperatives.William B. Starr -2020 -Semantics and Pragmatics 20.Imperative sentences like Dance! do not seem to represent the world. Recent modal analyses challenge this idea, but its intuitive and historical appeal remain strong. This paper presents three new challenges for a non-representational analysis, showing that the obstacles facing it are even steeper than previously appreciated. I will argue that the only way for the non-representationalist to meet these three challenges is to adopt a dynamic semantics. Such a dynamic semantics is proposed here: imperatives introduce preferences between alternatives. This (...) characterization of meaning focuses on what function a sentence serves in discourse, rather than what that sentence refers to (e.g., a state of the world). By representing the meaning of imperatives, connectives and declaratives in a common dynamic format, the challenges posed for non-representationalism are met. (shrink)
- When group membership gets personal: A theory of identity fusion.William B. Swann,Jolanda Jetten,Ángel Gómez,Harvey Whitehouse &Brock Bastian -2012 -Psychological Review 119 (3):441-456.
- The ethics of investing.William B. Irvine -1987 -Journal of Business Ethics 6 (3):233 - 242.In this paper, I examine various popular notions concerning the ethics of investing. I first consider and reject the absolutist view that it is always wrong to invest in evil companies and the view that what makes investments in evil companies morally objectionable is the fact that by making such investments, investors are taking steps to benefit from the wrongdoing of others. I then defend the view that what makes certain investments morally objectionable is the fact that by making such (...) investments, investors enable others to do wrong. According to this view, when weighing the purchase of a certain company's stock, investors should ask themselves the following question: Would this sort of investment, if made by many people, enable others to do wrong? If the answer to this question is yes, and if an investor nevertheless makes the investment in question, he can justifiably be accused of moral wrongdoing. (shrink)
- What 'If'?William B. Starr -2014 -Philosophers' Imprint 14.No existing conditional semantics captures the dual role of 'if' in embedded interrogatives — 'X wonders if p' — and conditionals. This paper presses the importance and extent of this challenge, linking it to cross-linguistic patterns and other phenomena involving conditionals. Among these other phenomena are conditionals with multiple 'if'-clauses in the antecedent — 'if p and if q, then r' — and relevance conditionals — 'if you are hungry, there is food in the cupboard'. Both phenomena are shown to (...) be problematic for existing analyses. Surprisingly, the decomposition of conditionals needed to capture the link with interrogatives provides a new analysis that captures all three phenomena. The model-theoretic semantics offered here relies on a dynamic conception of meaning and compositionality, a feature discussed throughout. (shrink)
- Multiculturalism, universalism, and science education.William B. Stanley &Nancy W. Brickhouse -1994 -Science Education 78 (4):387-398.No categories
- Light of Reason, Light of Nature. Catholic and Protestant Metaphors of Scientific Knowledge.William B. Ashworth -1989 -Science in Context 3 (1):89-107.The ArgumentMany of the epistemological issues that occupied natural philosophers of the seventeenth century were expressed visually in title-page engravings. One of those issues concerned the relative status to be accorded to evidence of the senses, as compared to knowledge gained by faith or reason. In title-page illustrations, the various arguments were often waged by a series of light metaphors: the Light of Reason, the Light of Nature, and the Lights of Sense, Scripture, and Grace. When such illustrations are examined (...) with the authors' theological views in mind, it becomes apparent that in the first half of the seventeenth century, Catholic authors favored the Light of Reason as a source of truth, while Protestant authors favored the Light of Nature. Since by the end of the century it was widely accepted by scientists of all religious persuasions that certain knowledge must be grounded in sense evidence and the direct study of nature, one might argue that in this instance Protestantism was responsible for nurturing an important development of the Scientific Revolution. However, the skewed nature of the sample and the large number of counterexamples available mitigate against taking this offshoot of the Merton thesis too seriously. (shrink)No categories
- Teaching sciences: The multicultural question revisited.William B. Stanley &Nancy W. Brickhouse -2001 -Science Education 85 (1):35-49.
- Did Socrates Die of Hemlock Poisoning?William B. Ober -1982 -Ancient Philosophy 2 (2):115-121.
- The racial integration of Emory university: Ben F. Johnson, jr., and the humanity of law.William B. Turner -manuscriptThis article describes the racial integration of Emory University and the subsequent creation of Pre-Start, an affirmative action program at Emory Law School from 1966 to 1972. It focuses on the initiative of the Dean of Emory Law School at the time, Ben F. Johnson, Jr.. Johnson played a number of leadership roles throughout his life, including successfully arguing a case before the United States Supreme Court while he was an Assistant Attorney General of Georgia, promoting legislation to create Atlanta (...) 's subway system as a state senator, and representing Emory in its lawsuit to strike down the state statute that would have rescinded its tax exemption if it admitted African American students ). This account supplements my related article on Pre-Start, "'A Bulwark against Anarchy': Affirmative Action, Emory Law School, and Southern Self-Help", providing more information about historical context generally, and particularly about Emory v. Nash. Johnson was ambitious for Emory as a whole, and particularly for the Law School, and he saw in segregation the single largest impediment to making Emory a nationally prominent research university. The story of Emory's integration, and Johnson's leadership, requires revision of the prevailing story of integration generally, and especially of universities. Integration at Emory came about because of the pressure that African Americans and their supporters created through the civil rights movement, but Emory administrators responded to such pressure more constructively than most. Their actions provide an interesting case study in effective leadership during a period of significant moral and political conflict. (shrink)
- A reversed partial-reinforcement effect.William B. Pavlik &Peter L. Carlton -1965 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 70 (4):417.
- Mimesis and Empathy in Human Biology.William B. Hurlbut -1997 -Contagion: Journal of Violence, Mimesis, and Culture 4 (1):14-25.In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:MIMESIS AND EMPATHY IN HUMAN BIOLOGYWilliam B. Hurlbut, M.D. Stanford University Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself: I am the Lord. (Leviticus. 19:18) The light of the body is the eye: if therefore thine eye be single, thy whole body shall be full of light. But if thine eye be evil, (...) thy whole body shall be full of darkness. If therefore the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is that darkness! (Matthew. 6:22-23) On the levels both ofcommon discourse and scientific description, the concept of empathy has found renewed popularity. Like a bridge that spans disparate realms, the idea of empathy can reconnect neurophysiology with psychology and social theory, and reestablish the grounds for a natural concept of ethics. Specifically, it can connect mimetic theory with a possible basis in biology, since empathy seems to represent an extension ofmimetic processes across the animal kingdom. For this reason, empathy/mimesis might be the grounds for a concept of ethics based on natural observation. Drawn from a German term Einfühlung, which means "feeling into," empathy carries the concept of "getting into the feelings of someone else" (deWaal 79). As a medium for the formation of meaningful bonds andWilliam Hurlbut15 sensitive associations, the concept of empathy has taken on, in popular discourse, the somewhat sentimental notion ofsympathy. In the scientific description, however, empathy is seen as the highest human expression of a broader biological capacity for mimesis that seems inextricable from the very progress ofthe phylogenetic process. Among the earliest life forms, organisms drew information from one another to pattern and coordinate such basic biological functions as reproduction and nurture. But with the increased complexity of multicellular creatures, new means of communication arose, making possible more flexible adaptation and sociability. Gradually the direct chemical coordination suitable for collectives or swarms gave way to richer and more individual communication between organisms of higher forms of differentiation. The externally evident demarcation ofthe head region, with its organs ofsensory perception and communication, evolved in parallel with internal cerebral structures capable ofprocessing more complex impressions of the surrounding environment and coordinating greater freedom of motion. These vital powers of action and awareness in turn came to be governed, guided and integrated by an inner felt sense of need, goal or purpose. As Leon Kass says, "desire, not DNA, is the deepest principle of life" (Kass 1994, 48). This quality of "inwardness" is paralleled by an equally complex differentiation and integration of the external "look" ofthe animal. This "look," which is the literal translation of the Latin root of our word species, is the result of a genetically determined plan as important as any internal vital organ. It provides the unity of form that reveals or selectively conceals the inner life of the organism. It communicates and coordinates vital information regarding sexual and other social interactions. This upward process ofcomplex integrated organization of the "inner life" and the external action and presentation of selfreaches its fullest expression in the human form. Along with upright posture and its freeing ofthe hands as tools of "gnostic touching," comes a reordering of the senses and a highly flexible, furless canvas of selfpresentation we call the face (Kass 1985, 287). Upwards through mammalian evolution there is a progressive refinement of the structures of the face that facilitate active and increasingly subtle communication and penetration into the life of the other. With more than 30 finely tuned muscles of facial expression and vocal control, human beings are capable of a wide array of communicative 16 Mimesis andEmpathy expressions of emotions and intentions. Paul Ekman claims to have discerned more than 1 8 forms of smiling, each with a distinct meaning (66). With upright posture came a retraction ofthe snout and bilateral stereoscopic vision. Sight replaced smell as the prominent sense. Whereas smell required direct chemical contact, and sound gave formless information, sight gave a knowing and accurate encounter with the form and unity ofwholes. Sight allowed rapid perception ofobjects and actions at distant horizons. The detached beholding of sight allowed a deeper and more accurate apprehension of... (shrink)
- (1 other version)Dewey, Aristotle, and Education as Completion.William B. Cochran -2019 -Philosophy of Education 74:669-682.
- A Uniform Theory of Conditionals.William B. Starr -2014 -Journal of Philosophical Logic 43 (6):1019-1064.A uniform theory of conditionals is one which compositionally captures the behavior of both indicative and subjunctive conditionals without positing ambiguities. This paper raises new problems for the closest thing to a uniform analysis in the literature (Stalnaker, Philosophia, 5, 269–286 (1975)) and develops a new theory which solves them. I also show that this new analysis provides an improved treatment of three phenomena (the import-export equivalence, reverse Sobel-sequences and disjunctive antecedents). While these results concern central issues in the study (...) of conditionals, broader themes in the philosophy of language and formal semantics are also engaged here. This new analysis exploits a dynamic conception of meaning where the meaning of a symbol is its potential to change an agent’s mental state (or the state of a conversation) rather than being the symbol’s content (e.g. the proposition it expresses). The analysis of conditionals is also built on the idea that the contrast between subjunctive and indicative conditionals parallels a contrast between revising and consistently extending some body of information. (shrink)
- ANT vs. SCNT-reply.William B. Hurlbut,Robert P. George &Markus Grompe -2006 -Hastings Center Report 36 (6):7-7.Export citation
Bookmark - When Should Sick People Be Quarantined?William B. Irvine -1989 - In Anthony Serafini,Ethics and social concern. New York: Paragon House. pp. 173.Export citation Bookmark
- Sewall Wright and evolutionary biology.William B. Provine -1986 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press."Provine's thorough and thoroughly admirable examination of Wright's life and influence, which is accompanied by a very useful collection of Wright's papers on evolution, is the best we have for any recent figure in evolutionary biology."—Joe Felsenstein, Nature "In Sewall Wright and Evolutionary Biology... Provine has produced an intellectual biography which serves to chart in considerable detail both the life and work of one man and the history of evolutionary theory in the middle half of this century. Provine is admirably (...) suited to his task.... The resulting book is clearly a labour of love which will be of great interest to those who have a mature interest in the history of evolutionary theory."-John Durant, ;ITimes Higher Education Supplement;X. (shrink)
- Bodily continuity and personal identity.B. A. O. Williams -1960 -Analysis 21 (December):43-48.
- Moral Luck.B. A. O. Williams &T. Nagel -1976 -Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 50 (1):115-152.
- A Slap in the Face: Why Insults Hurt - and Why They Shouldn't.William B. Irvine -2013 - Oup Usa.In A Slap in the Face,William Irvine undertakes a wide-ranging investigation of insults, their history, the role they play in social relationships, and the science behind them.No categories
- Patenting humans: Clones, chimeras, and biological artifacts.William B. Hurlbut -2005 -Science and Engineering Ethics 11 (1):21-29.The momentum of advances in biology is evident in the history of patents on life forms. As we proceed forward with greater understanding and technological control of developmental biology there will be many new and challenging dilemmas related to patenting of human parts and partial trajectories of human development. These dilemmas are already evident in the current conflict over the moral status of the early human embryo. In this essay, recent evidence from embryological studies is considered and the unbroken continuity (...) of organismal development initiated at fertilization is asserted as clear and reasonable grounds for moral standing. Within this frame of analysis, it is proposed that through a technique of Altered Nuclear Transfer, non-organismal entities might be created from which embryonic stem cells could be morally procured. Criteria for patenting of such non-organismal entities are considered. (shrink)
- The bitter aftertaste of saccharin.William B. Schultz -1986 -Agriculture and Human Values 3 (1-2):83-90.No categories
- The Sequence of Tenses in Latin.B. L. G. &William Gardner Hale -1887 -American Journal of Philology 8 (2):228.
- Plato and the Foundations of Logic and Language.William B. Bondeson -1975 -Southwestern Journal of Philosophy 6 (2):29-41.
- The Wilderness Home of the Giant Panda.William B. Nutting &William G. Sheldon -1977 -Journal of the American Oriental Society 97 (3):346.
- Science education without foundations: A response to Loving.William B. Stanley &Nancy W. Brickhouse -1995 -Science Education 79 (3):349-354.No categories
- The still small voice.William B. Silverman -1955 - New York,: Behrman House.Export citation Bookmark
- Scientific supernaturalism.William B. Provine -1993 -Biology and Philosophy 8 (1):111-124.
- Roots: Assembly of a complex bacteriophage in vitro.William B. Wood -1992 -Bioessays 14 (9):635-640.
- Depictions of Jesus Christ in Twenty-First Century film.William B. Bowes -2022 - In William H. U. Anderson,Film, philosophy and religion. Wilmington, Delaware: Vernon Press.Export citation Bookmark
- Beyond sexual harassment.William B. Irvine -2000 -Journal of Business Ethics 28 (4):353 - 360.
- God and His creation.William B. Murphy -1958 - Dubuque [Iowa]: Priory Press.No categories
- Pastoral Care and Counseling in Biblical Perspective.William B. Oglesby -1973 -Interpretation 27 (3):307-326.Regarding the question of a criterion for assessing the relevance of data from the behavioral sciences,... those forms of therapy which move toward being are more consistent with the biblical point of view than those which move toward knowing or doing.No categories
- A rapprochement of the operant-conditioning and awareness views of biofeedback training: The role of discrimination in voluntary control.William B. Plotkin -1981 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 110:415-428.
- On the self-regulation of the occipital alpha rhythm: Control strategies, states of consciousness, and the role of physiological feedback.William B. Plotkin -1976 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 105:66-99.
- Overcoming energy gluttony: A philosophical perspective.William B. Irvine -2011 -Zygon 46 (4):915-928.Abstract As there are food gluttons, so there are energy gluttons. One difference is that energy gluttons are typically oblivious to how much energy they consume and the source of that energy. Their energy gluttony is a side effect of insatiable desire for material goods, which themselves are often associated with social status. Nonetheless, steps taken to deal with energy gluttony parallel those taken with food gluttony. Typically these fall into three categories: educational, political, and technological. I will examine a (...) fourth, however, best characterized as philosophical. I will show how, by following the advice of the ancient Stoics and training ourselves to care less what others think of us, we can help overcome our desire for social status, resulting in a reduction in our desire for material things and a significant reduction in our personal energy bill. The pessimistic conclusion, however, is that most people are probably unwilling to undergo the self-analysis and self-transformation that this philosophical approach requires. (shrink)
- The Political Mission of Gorgias to Athens in 427 B.C.1.B. H. Garnons Williams -1931 -Classical Quarterly 25 (1):52-56.The history of Athenian relations with Sicily in the fifth century is beset with difficulties; and no part of it, perhaps, is more obscure than the story of what is commonly known as the First Sicilian Expedition, which set sail from Athens in the late summer of 427 under Laches, and was reinforced under Pythodorus, Sophocles and Eurymedon in the winter of 426.
- English Philosophy since 1900. By G. J. Warnock. (Oxford University Press. 1958. Pp. x & 180. Price 7s. 6d. net.).B. A. O. Williams -1959 -Philosophy 34 (129):168-.No categories
- Quest for accuracy in person perception: A matter of pragmatics.William B. Swann -1984 -Psychological Review 91 (4):457-477.
- Taking Dialectic with a Grain of Salt: A Reply to McKeon.William B. Warner -1990 -Diacritics 20 (1):103.No categories
- The Sublime and God in Kant’s Critique of Judgement.William B. Hund -1983 -New Scholasticism 57 (1):42-70.
- Correspondence.William B. Owen &Edgar J. Goodspeed -1909 -The Classical Review 23 (02):63-.
- Control of steroid receptor function and cytoplasmic‐nuclear transport by heat shock proteins.William B. Pratt -1992 -Bioessays 14 (12):841-848.As targeted proteins that move within the cell, the steroid receptors have become very useful probes for understanding the linked phenomena of protein folding and transport. From the study of steroid receptor‐associated proteins it has become clear over the past two years that these receptors are bound to a multiprotein complex containing at least two heat shock proteins, hsp90 and hsp56. Attachment of receptors to this complex in a cell‐free system appears to require the protein unfolding/folding activity of a third (...) heat shock protein, hsp70. Like the oncogenic tyrosine kinase pp60src, steroid receptors bind to this complex of chaperone proteins at the time of their translation. Binding of the receptor to the hsp90 component of the system occurs through the hormone binding domain and is under strict hormonal control. The hormone binding domain of the receptor acts as a transferable regulatory unit that confers both tight hormonal control and hsp90 binding onto chimaeric proteins. The model of folding and transport being developed for steroid receptors leads to some general suggestions regarding the folding and transport of targeted proteins in the cell. (shrink)
- Did Socrates Die of Hemlock Poisoning?M.William B. Ober -1982 -Ancient Philosophy 2 (2):115-121.
- Rejecting sociobiological hypotheses.B. J. Williams -1986 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):211-211.
- The relevance of professional philosophy.William B. Griffith -1982 -Metaphilosophy 13 (3-4):181-200.
- Insider Trading.William B. Irvine -1987 -Business and Professional Ethics Journal 6 (4):3-33.
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
Darrell P. Rowbottom
Aleksandra Samonek
Constantine Sandis
Howard Sankey
Jonathan Schaffer
Thomas Senor
Daniel Star
Jussi Suikkanen
Aness Kim Webster
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