Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


PhilPapersPhilPeoplePhilArchivePhilEventsPhilJobs
Order:

1 filter applied
Disambiguations
Richard A. Watson [156]John Watson [93]Gary Watson [47]David Watson [46]
Lori Watson [38]Gerard Watson [38]James R. Watson [36]Stephen Watson [25]

Not all matches are shown. Search with initial or firstname to single out others.

  1. (1 other version)Free agency.Gary Watson -1975 -Journal of Philosophy 72 (April):205-20.
    In the subsequent pages, I want to develop a distinction between wanting and valuing which will enable the familiar view of freedom to make sense of the notion of an unfree action. The contention will be that, in the case of actions that are unfree, the agent is unable to get what he most wants, or values, and this inability is due to his own "motivational system." In this case the obstruction to the action that he most wants to do (...) is his own will. It is in this respect that the action is unfree: the agent is obstructed in and by the very performance of the action. (shrink)
    Direct download(6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   537 citations  
  2. Two faces of responsibility.Gary Watson -1996 -Philosophical Topics 24 (2):227–48.
  3.  310
    Agency and answerability: selected essays.Gary Watson -2004 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Since the 1970s Gary Watson has published a series of brilliant and highly influential essays on human action, examining such questions as: in what ways are we free and not free, rational and irrational, responsible or not for what we do? Moral philosophers and philosophers of action will welcome this collection, representing one of the most important bodies of work in the field.
    Direct download(4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   142 citations  
  4.  435
    4. Responsibility and the Limits of Evil: Variations on a Strawsonian Theme.Gary Watson -1993 - In John Martin Fischer & Mark Ravizza,Perspectives on moral responsibility. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. pp. 119-148.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   158 citations  
  5.  54
    The Right to Know: Epistemic Rights and Why We Need Them.Lani Watson -2021 - Routledge.
    We speak of the right to know with relative ease. You have the right to know the results of a medical test or to be informed about the collection and use of personal data. But what exactly is the right to know, and who should we trust to safeguard it? This book provides the first comprehensive examination of the right to know and other epistemic rights: rights to goods such as information, knowledge and truth. These rights play a prominent role (...) in our information-centric society and yet they often go unnoticed, disregarded and unprotected. As such, those who control what we know, or think we know, exert an influence on our lives that is often as dangerous as it is imperceptible. Beginning with a rigorous but accessible philosophical account of epistemic rights, Lani Watson examines the harms caused by epistemic rights violations, drawing on case studies across medical, political and legal contexts. She investigates who has the right to what information, who is responsible for the quality and circulation of information and what epistemic duties we have towards each other. This book is essential reading for philosophers, legal theorists and anyone concerned with the protection and promotion of information, knowledge and truth.. (shrink)
    Direct download(2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  6.  86
    (1 other version)Behaviorism.John B. Watson -1926 -Journal of Philosophy 23 (12):331-334.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   235 citations  
  7.  433
    Conditioned emotional reactions.John B. Watson &Rosalie Rayner -1920 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 3 (1):1.
  8.  49
    Equal Citizenship and Public Reason: A Feminist Political Liberalism.Christie Hartley &Lori Watson -2018 - Oup Usa.
    This book is a defense of political liberalism as a feminist liberalism. A novel and restrictive account of public reason is defended. Then it is argued that political liberalism's core commitments restrict reasonable conceptions of justice to those that secure genuine, substantive equality for women and other marginalized groups.
    No categories
    Direct download(2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   26 citations  
  9. (1 other version)Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It.J. B. Watson -1913 -Philosophical Review 22:674.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   173 citations  
  10.  51
    The Ethics of Access: Reframing the Need for Abortion Care as a Health Disparity.Katie Watson -2022 -American Journal of Bioethics 22 (8):22-30.
    The majority of U.S. abortion patients are poor women, and Black and Hispanic women. Therefore, this article encourages bioethicists and equity advocates to consider whether the need for abortion c...
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  11.  603
    Free action and free will.Gary Watson -1987 -Mind 96 (April):154-72.
  12.  42
    The Complete Works of Zhuangzi.Burton Watson (ed.) -2013 - Columbia University Press.
    This is Daoist philosophy’s central tenet, espoused by the person—or group of people—known as Zhuangzi (369?-286? B.C.E.) in a text by the same name.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   38 citations  
  13. The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu.Burton Watson (ed.) -1968 - Columbia University Press.
    This is one of the most justly celebrated texts of the Chinese tradition - impressive for both its bold philosophical imagination and its striking literary style. Accepting the challenge of translating this captivating classic in its entirety, Burton Watson has expertly rendered into English both the profound thought and the literary brilliance of the text.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   61 citations  
  14.  596
    Skepticism about weakness of will.Gary Watson -1977 -Philosophical Review 86 (3):316-339.
    My concern in this paper will be to explore and develop a version of nonsocratic skepticism about weakness of will. In my view, socratism is incorrect, but like Socrates, I think that the common understanding of weakness of will raises serious problems. Contrary to socratism, it is possible for a person knowingly to act contrary to his or her better judgment. But this description does not exhaust the common view of weakness. Also implicit in this view is the belief that (...) actions which are contrary to one's better judgment are free in the sense that the agent could have done otherwise. To take seriously the possibility of acting contrary to one's better judgment is at the same time to raise problems about the distinction between weakness and compulsion. I argue that the common view, according to which the differentiating feature is that the weak are able to conform their behavior to their practical judgments, is unjustified. Instead, I have proposed that weakness of will involves the failure to develop certain normal capacities of self-control, whereas compulsion involves desires which even the possession of such capacities would not enable one to resist. (shrink)
    Direct download(6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   105 citations  
  15.  902
    The Rhetoric and Reality of Anthropomorphism in Artificial Intelligence.David Watson -2019 -Minds and Machines 29 (3):417-440.
    Artificial intelligence has historically been conceptualized in anthropomorphic terms. Some algorithms deploy biomimetic designs in a deliberate attempt to effect a sort of digital isomorphism of the human brain. Others leverage more general learning strategies that happen to coincide with popular theories of cognitive science and social epistemology. In this paper, I challenge the anthropomorphic credentials of the neural network algorithm, whose similarities to human cognition I argue are vastly overstated and narrowly construed. I submit that three alternative supervised learning (...) methods—namely lasso penalties, bagging, and boosting—offer subtler, more interesting analogies to human reasoning as both an individual and a social phenomenon. Despite the temptation to fall back on anthropomorphic tropes when discussing AI, however, I conclude that such rhetoric is at best misleading and at worst downright dangerous. The impulse to humanize algorithms is an obstacle to properly conceptualizing the ethical challenges posed by emerging technologies. (shrink)
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   21 citations  
  16.  671
    (2 other versions)The explanation game: a formal framework for interpretable machine learning.David S. Watson &Luciano Floridi -2020 -Synthese 198 (10):1–⁠32.
    We propose a formal framework for interpretable machine learning. Combining elements from statistical learning, causal interventionism, and decision theory, we design an idealised explanation game in which players collaborate to find the best explanation for a given algorithmic prediction. Through an iterative procedure of questions and answers, the players establish a three-dimensional Pareto frontier that describes the optimal trade-offs between explanatory accuracy, simplicity, and relevance. Multiple rounds are played at different levels of abstraction, allowing the players to explore overlapping causal (...) patterns of variable granularity and scope. We characterise the conditions under which such a game is almost surely guaranteed to converge on a optimal explanation surface in polynomial time, and highlight obstacles that will tend to prevent the players from advancing beyond certain explanatory thresholds. The game serves a descriptive and a normative function, establishing a conceptual space in which to analyse and compare existing proposals, as well as design new and improved solutions. (shrink)
    No categories
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  17.  585
    Clinical applications of machine learning algorithms: beyond the black box.David S. Watson,Jenny Krutzinna,Ian N. Bruce,Christopher E. M. Griffiths,Iain B. McInnes,Michael R. Barnes &Luciano Floridi -2019 -British Medical Journal 364:I886.
    Machine learning algorithms may radically improve our ability to diagnose and treat disease. For moral, legal, and scientific reasons, it is essential that doctors and patients be able to understand and explain the predictions of these models. Scalable, customisable, and ethical solutions can be achieved by working together with relevant stakeholders, including patients, data scientists, and policy makers.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   19 citations  
  18.  88
    Freedom within Reason.Gary Watson -1992 -Philosophical Review 101 (4):890.
  19.  74
    Conceptual challenges for interpretable machine learning.David S. Watson -2022 -Synthese 200 (2):1-33.
    As machine learning has gradually entered into ever more sectors of public and private life, there has been a growing demand for algorithmic explainability. How can we make the predictions of complex statistical models more intelligible to end users? A subdiscipline of computer science known as interpretable machine learning (IML) has emerged to address this urgent question. Numerous influential methods have been proposed, from local linear approximations to rule lists and counterfactuals. In this article, I highlight three conceptual challenges that (...) are largely overlooked by authors in this area. I argue that the vast majority of IML algorithms are plagued by (1) ambiguity with respect to their true target; (2) a disregard for error rates and severe testing; and (3) an emphasis on product over process. Each point is developed at length, drawing on relevant debates in epistemology and philosophy of science. Examples and counterexamples from IML are considered, demonstrating how failure to acknowledge these problems can result in counterintuitive and potentially misleading explanations. Without greater care for the conceptual foundations of IML, future work in this area is doomed to repeat the same mistakes. (shrink)
    No categories
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  20.  67
    Expertise: a philosophical introduction.Jamie Carlin Watson -2020 - New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
    What does it mean to be an expert? What sort of authority do experts really have? And what role should they play in today's society? Addressing why ever larger segments of society are skeptical of what experts say, Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction reviews contemporary philosophical debates and introduces what an account of expertise needs to accomplish in order to be believed. Drawing on research from philosophers and sociologists, chapters explore widely held accounts of expertise and uncover their limitations, outlining a (...) set of conceptual criteria a successful account of expertise should meet. By providing suggestions for how a philosophy of expertise can inform practical disciplines such as politics, religion, and applied ethics, this timely introduction to a topic of pressing importance reveals what philosophical thinking about expertise can contribute to growing concerns about experts in the 21st century. (shrink)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  21.  81
    The Complete Works of Chuang-tzu.Richard B. Mather,Burton Watson & Chuang-tzu -1972 -Journal of the American Oriental Society 92 (2):334.
  22.  135
    On the Philosophy of Unsupervised Learning.David S. Watson -2023 -Philosophy and Technology 36 (2):1-26.
    Unsupervised learning algorithms are widely used for many important statistical tasks with numerous applications in science and industry. Yet despite their prevalence, they have attracted remarkably little philosophical scrutiny to date. This stands in stark contrast to supervised and reinforcement learning algorithms, which have been widely studied and critically evaluated, often with an emphasis on ethical concerns. In this article, I analyze three canonical unsupervised learning problems: clustering, abstraction, and generative modeling. I argue that these methods raise unique epistemological and (...) ontological questions, providing data-driven tools for discovering natural kinds and distinguishing essence from contingency. This analysis goes some way toward filling the lacuna in contemporary philosophical discourse on unsupervised learning, as well as bringing conceptual unity to a heterogeneous field more often described by what it isnot(i.e., supervised or reinforcement learning) than by what itis. I submit that unsupervised learning is not just a legitimate subject of philosophical inquiry but perhaps the most fundamental branch of all AI. However, an uncritical overreliance on unsupervised methods poses major epistemic and ethical risks. I conclude by advocating for a pragmatic, error-statistical approach that embraces the opportunities and mitigates the challenges posed by this powerful class of algorithms. (shrink)
    No categories
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  23.  28
    How Can Evolution Learn?Richard A. Watson &Eörs Szathmáry -2016 -Trends in Ecology and Evolution 31 (2):147--157.
    Direct download(2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   30 citations  
  24. Agape and Eros.Anders Nygren &Philip S. Watson -unknown
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   65 citations  
  25. (1 other version)Free Will.G. Watson -1984 -Critical Philosophy 1 (1):97.
  26.  87
    The Ethics of Online Controlled Experiments (A/B Testing).Andrea Polonioli,Riccardo Ghioni,Ciro Greco,Prathm Juneja,Jacopo Tagliabue,David Watson &Luciano Floridi -2023 -Minds and Machines 33 (4):667-693.
    Online controlled experiments, also known as A/B tests, have become ubiquitous. While many practical challenges in running experiments at scale have been thoroughly discussed, the ethical dimension of A/B testing has been neglected. This article fills this gap in the literature by introducing a new, soft ethics and governance framework that explicitly recognizes how the rise of an experimentation culture in industry settings brings not only unprecedented opportunities to businesses but also significant responsibilities. More precisely, the article (a) introduces a (...) set of principles to encourage ethical and responsible experimentation to protect users, customers, and society; (b) argues that ensuring compliance with the proposed principles is a complex challenge unlikely to be addressed by resorting to a one-solution response; (c) discusses the relevance and effectiveness of several mechanisms and policies in educating, governing, and incentivizing companies conducting online controlled experiments; and (d) offers a list of prompting questions specifically designed to help and empower practitioners by stimulating specific ethical deliberations and facilitating coordination among different groups of stakeholders. (shrink)
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  27. What is Inquisitiveness.Lani Watson -2015 -American Philosophical Quarterly 52 (3):273–287.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   30 citations  
  28.  19
    Bemispace and 1-iemispatial neglec1 '.Kenneth M. Heilman,Dawn Bowers,Edward Valenstein &Robert T. Watson -1987 - In Marc Jeannerod,Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Aspects of Spatial Neglect. Elsevier Science.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   55 citations  
  29.  32
    Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity.David Watson &James W. Pennebaker -1989 -Psychological Review 96 (2):234-254.
  30.  117
    Systematic Epistemic Rights Violations in the Media: A Brexit Case Study.Lani Watson -2018 -Social Epistemology 32 (2):88-102.
  31.  52
    Patient Expertise and Medical Authority: Epistemic Implications for the Provider–Patient Relationship.Jamie Carlin Watson -2024 -Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 49 (1):58-71.
    The provider–patient relationship is typically regarded as an expert-to-novice relationship, and with good reason. Providers have extensive education and experience that have developed in them the competence to treat conditions better and with fewer harms than anyone else. However, some researchers argue that many patients with long-term conditions (LTCs), such as arthritis and chronic pain, have become “experts” at managing their LTC. Unfortunately, there is no generally agreed-upon conception of “patient expertise” or what it implies for the provider–patient relationship. I (...) review three prominent accounts of patient expertise and argue that all face serious objections. I contend, however, that a plausible account of patient expertise is available and that it provides a framework both for further empirical studies and for enhancing the provider–patient relationship. (shrink)
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  32.  259
    Asserting and promising.Gary Watson -2004 -Philosophical Studies 117 (1-2):57-77.
    Direct download(4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   46 citations  
  33.  54
    Moral Expertise: New Essays from Theoretical and Clinical Bioethics.Jamie Carlin Watson &Laura K. Guidry-Grimes (eds.) -2018 - Springer International Publishing.
    This collection addresses whether ethicists, like authorities in other fields, can speak as experts in their subject matter. Though ethics consultation is a growing practice in medical contexts, there remain difficult questions about the role of ethicists in professional decision-making. Contributors examine the nature and plausibility of moral expertise, the relationship between character and expertise, the nature and limits of moral authority, how one might become a moral expert, and the trustworthiness of moral testimony. This volume engages with the growing (...) literature in these debates and offers new perspectives from both academics and practitioners. The readings will be of particular interest to bioethicists, clinicians, ethics committees, and students of social epistemology. These new essays promise to advance discussions in the professionalization and accreditation of ethics consultation. (shrink)
    No categories
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  34.  28
    (1 other version)Visual marking: Prioritizing selection for new objects by top-down attentional inhibition of old objects.Derrick G. Watson &Glyn W. Humphreys -1997 -Psychological Review 104 (1):90-122.
  35.  204
    A Moral Predicament in the Criminal Law.Gary Watson -2015 -Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 58 (2):168-188.
    This essay is about the difficulties of doing criminal justice in the context of severe social injustice. Having been marginalized as citizens of the larger community, those who are victims of severe social injustice are understandably alienated from the dominant political institutions, and, not unreasonably, disrespect their authority, including that of the criminal law. The failure of equal treatment and protection and the absence of anything like fair and decent life prospects for the members of the marginalized populations erode the (...) basis for its allegiance to demands of the political community. The criminal law thus occupies a problematic normative position with respect to lawbreakers in this population; in many cases, it finds itself in the position of convicting them for crimes for which the political community itself bears some significant responsibility. The attempt to administer criminal justice therefore faces a serious moral predicament; on the one hand, criminal law has a right and an.. (shrink)
    Direct download(5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   21 citations  
  36.  116
    Debating Pornography.Andrew Altman &Lori Watson -2018 - New York, US: Oup Usa.
    Pornography is everywhere, and it raises a host of difficult questions. What counts as pornography, first of all? When does material cross the line from being erotic to being objectionable? Where does a person's entitlement to sexual freedom end and another person's right not to feel objectified begin? How should rights be weighed against consequences in deciding what laws and policies ought to be adopted? Philosophers Andrew Altman and Lori Watson explore these and other issues in this succinct and readable (...) for-and-against volume. (shrink)
    No categories
    Direct download(2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  37.  77
    The US Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2022 vs. The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: what can they learn from each other?Jakob Mökander,Prathm Juneja,David S. Watson &Luciano Floridi -2022 -Minds and Machines 32 (4):751-758.
    On the whole, the US Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2022 (US AAA) is a pragmatic approach to balancing the benefits and risks of automated decision systems. Yet there is still room for improvement. This commentary highlights how the US AAA can both inform and learn from the European Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AIA).
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  38.  130
    (1 other version)The epistemological foundations of data science: a critical review.Luciano Floridi,Mariarosaria Taddeo,Vincent Wang,David Watson &Jules Desai -2022 -Synthese 200 (6):1-27.
    The modern abundance and prominence of data have led to the development of “data science” as a new field of enquiry, along with a body of epistemological reflections upon its foundations, methods, and consequences. This article provides a systematic analysis and critical review of significant open problems and debates in the epistemology of data science. We propose a partition of the epistemology of data science into the following five domains: (i) the constitution of data science; (ii) the kind of enquiry (...) that it identifies; (iii) the kinds of knowledge that data science generates; (iv) the nature and epistemological significance of “black box” problems; and (v) the relationship between data science and the philosophy of science more generally. (shrink)
    No categories
    Direct download(2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  39.  54
    Idealism: The History of a Philosophy.Jeremy Dunham,Iain Hamilton Grant &Sean Watson -2010 - Routledge.
    Idealism is philosophy on a grand scale, combining micro and macroscopic problems into systematic accounts of everything from the nature of the universe to the particulars of human feeling. In consequence, it offers perspectives on everything from the natural to the social sciences, from ecology to critical theory. Heavily criticised by the dominant philosophies of the 20th Century, Idealism is now being reconsidered as a rich and untapped resource for contemporary philosophical arguments and concepts. This volume provides a comprehensive portrait (...) of the major arguments and philosophers in the Idealist tradition. The book demonstrates how Idealist philosophy provides a fruitful way of understanding contemporary issues in metaphysics, the philosophy of science, political philosophy, scientific theory and critical social theory. (shrink)
    Direct download(2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   16 citations  
  40.  148
    The Shoulders of Giants: A Case for Non-veritism about Expert Authority.Jamie Carlin Watson -2018 -Topoi 37 (1):39-53.
    Among social epistemologists, having a certain proportion of reliably formed beliefs in a subject matter is widely regarded as a necessary condition for cognitive expertise. This condition is motivated by the idea that expert testimony puts subjects in a better position than non-expert testimony to obtain knowledge about a subject matter. I offer three arguments showing that veritism is an inadequate account of expert authority because the reliable access condition renders expertise incapable of performing its social role. I then develop (...) an alternative explanation of expert authority that I call the epistemic facility account, arguing that having a certain type of competence in a subject matter or domain of subject matters is sufficient for explaining expert authority while avoiding the problems with veritistic accounts. (shrink)
    Direct download(2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  41.  90
    Debating Sex Work.Jessica Flanigan &Lori Watson -2019 - New York: Oup Usa.
    In this "for and against" book, ethicists Lori Watson and Jessica Flanigan debate the criminalization of sex work. Watson argues for a sex equality approach to prostitution in which buyers are criminalized and sellers are decriminalized, known as the Nordic Model. Flanigan argues that sex work should be fully decriminalized because decriminalization ensures respect for sex workers' and clients' rights, and is more effective than alternative policies.
    No categories
    Direct download(2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  42.  238
    Soft libertarianism and hard compatibilism.Gary Watson -1999 -The Journal of Ethics 3 (4):351-365.
    In this paper I discuss two kinds of attempts to qualify incompatibilist and compatibilist conceptions of freedom to avoid what have been thought to be incredible commitments of these rival accounts. One attempt -- which I call soft libertarianism -- is represented by Robert Kane''s work. It hopes to defend an incompatibilist conception of freedom without the apparently difficult metaphysical costs traditionally incurred by these views. On the other hand, in response to what I call the robot objection (that if (...) compatibilism is true, human beings could be the products of design), some compatibilists are tempted to soften their position by placing restrictions on the origins of agency. I argue that both of these attempts are misguided. Hard libertarianism and hard compatibilism are the only theoretical options. (shrink)
    Direct download(5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   34 citations  
  43.  187
    3. On the Primacy of Character.Gary Watson -1997 - In Daniel Statman,Virtue Ethics: A Critical Reader. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 56-81.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   23 citations  
  44. Promises, reasons, and normative powers.Gary Watson -2009 - In David Sobel & Steven Wall,Reasons for Action. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   29 citations  
  45.  90
    Educating for Good Questioning: a Tool for Intellectual Virtues Education.Lani Watson -2018 -Acta Analytica 33 (3):353-370.
    Questioning is a familiar, everyday practice which we use, often unreflectively, in order to gather information, communicate with each other, and advance our inquiries. Yet, not all questions are equally effective and not all questioners are equally adept. Being a good questioner requires a degree of proficiency and judgment, both in determining what to ask and in deciding who, where, when, and how to ask. Good questioning is an intellectual skill. Given its ubiquity and significance, it is an intellectual skill (...) that, I believe, we should educate for. In this paper, I present a central line of argument in support of educating for good questioning, namely, that it plays an important role in the formation of an individual’s intellectual character and can thereby serve as a valuable pedagogical tool for intellectual character education. I argue that good questioning plays two important roles in the cultivation of intellectual character: good questioning stimulates intellectually virtuous inquiry and contributes to the development of several of the individual intellectual virtues. Insofar as the cultivation of intellectually virtuous character is a desirable educational objective, we should educate for good questioning. (shrink)
    No categories
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  46.  245
    Disordered Appetites: Addiction, Compulsion and Dependence.Gary Watson -1999 - In Jon Elster,Addiction: Entries and Exits. Russell Sage Publications.
  47.  87
    Corporate Governance Quality and CSR Disclosures.MuiChing Carina Chan,John Watson &David Woodliff -2014 -Journal of Business Ethics 125 (1):1-15.
    Given the increasing importance attached to both corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate governance, this study investigates the association between these two complimentary mechanisms used by companies to enhance relations with stakeholders. Consistent with both legitimacy and stakeholder theory and controlling for industry profile, firm size, stockholder power/dispersion, creditor power/leverage, and economic performance, our analysis of the annual reports for a sample of 222 listed companies suggests that firms providing more CSR information: have better corporate governance ratings; are larger; belong (...) to higher profile industries; and are more highly leveraged. Our findings support the limited prior research suggesting a link between corporate governance quality and CSR disclosure in company annual reports and suggest that, rather than mandating specific disclosures, regulators might be better served focussing on corporate governance quality as a way of increasing CSR disclosures. (shrink)
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   19 citations  
  48.  75
    Epistemic neighbors: trespassing and the range of expert authority.Jamie Carlin Watson -2022 -Synthese 200 (5):1-21.
    The world is abuzz with experts who can help us in domains where we understand too little to help ourselves. But sometimes experts in one domain carry their privileged status into domains outside their specialization, where they give advice or otherwise presume to speak authoritatively. Ballantyne calls these boundary crossings “epistemic trespassing” and argues that they often violate epistemic norms. In the few cases where traveling in other domains is permissible, Ballantyne suggests there should be regulative checks for the experts (...) who are crossing domain boundaries. I argue that boundary crossing is warranted more often than Ballantyne allows. And while Ballantyne argues that boundary crossing is prima facie epistemically problematic, I contend that many cases of boundary crossing are not properly instances of “trespassing,” and, therefore, raise no prima facie epistemic concerns. I further argue that identifying cases of what I call “epistemic neighborliness” bolsters Ballantyne’s project, making it easier for novices and other experts to identify epistemic trespassing along with its epistemic problems. (shrink)
    No categories
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  49. The self's awareness of itself: Bhaṭṭa Rāmakaṇṭha's arguments against the Buddhist doctrine of no-self.Alex Watson -2006 - Wien: Sammlung de Nobili. Edited by Rāmakaṇṭha.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  50.  169
    The Epistemology of Education.Lani Watson -2016 -Philosophy Compass 11 (3):146-159.
    The landscape of contemporary epistemology has significantly diversified in the past 30 years, shaped in large part by two complementary movements: virtue and social epistemology. This diversification provides an apt theoretical context for the epistemology of education. No longer concerned exclusively with the formal analysis of knowledge, epistemologists have turned their attention towards individuals as knowers, and the social contexts in which epistemic goods such as knowledge and understanding are acquired and exchanged. As such, the concerns of epistemology have once (...) again aligned with questions lying at the heart of the philosophy of education regarding the nature, aims and practice of education. Employing the conceptual tools and frameworks of the contemporary field, these questions are addressed by both epistemologists and education theorists in the emerging epistemology of education literature. (shrink)
    Direct download(3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
1 — 50 / 1000
Export
Limit to items.
Filters





Configure languageshere.Sign in to use this feature.

Viewing options


Open Category Editor
Off-campus access
Using PhilPapers from home?

Create an account to enable off-campus access through your institution's proxy server or OpenAthens.


[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp