La réification: histoire et actualité d'un concept critique.VincentChanson,Alexis Cukier &Frédéric Monferrand (eds.) -2014 - Paris: La Dispute.detailsLa 4e de couv. porte : "Le capitalisme est une totalité qui produit des effets dans toutes les sphères de la vie. Le concept de réification, élaboré par Georg Lukács pour désigner « le fait qu’un rapport, une relation entre personnes, prend le caractère d’une chose », permet d’en rendre compte et de critiquer la réduction des individus à de simples fonctions de la reproduction sociale, ainsi que la domination qu’y exercent la marchandise, la division du travail, l’État, le droit (...) formel et la bureaucratie, sur les pratiques et les formes de vie. La Réification réunit les contributions de philosophes qui interrogent l’histoire et l’actualité de ce concept dans la perspective d’une critique du capitalisme contemporain. Y sont expliquées, discutées et réactualisées les théories de la réification à l’œuvre dans les marxismes et les théories sociales critiques, depuis Marx, Weber et Lukács jusqu’à Adorno, Lefebvre, Sartre, Honneth, Žižek et les théories queer et féministes. Cet ouvrage collectif, en montrant au-delà des théories philosophiques et sociologiques habituelles que le capitalisme est une forme sociale totale, porte un éclairage original dans les débats contemporains sur le capitalisme et son dépassement.". (shrink)
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Dialectique négative et/ou dialectique matérielle : retour sur le débat Adorno/Kracauer.VincentChanson -2015 -Cahiers Philosophiques 143 (4):67-80.detailsLes deux dernières rencontres entre Kracauer et Adorno dans les années 1960 sont l’occasion d’une ultime mise au point dont l’enjeu est précisément de reconstituer la portée philosophique d’un compagnonnage et d’une fidélité jamais démentis depuis la fin des années 1910. L’occasion surtout de prendre toute la mesure de la portée de deux gestes conceptuels, à la fois profondément liés et profondément différents, revendiquant tous deux leur statut matérialiste : celui, kracauerien, portant le nom de dialectique matérielle, et consistant en (...) une micrologie attentive aux singularités, et celui, adornien, de la dialectique négative, assumant dans le même mouvement « primat de l’objet » et « procès dialectique maintenu ». (shrink)
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Naissances d'images: l'image dans l'image, des enluminures à la société des écrans.Vincent Amiel -2018 - Paris: Klincksieck.detailsQu'y a-t-il de commun entre un manuscrit medieval, Les Menines de Velazquez, le Cameraman de Buster Keaton et On connait lachanson d'Alain Resnais? Reponse : la presence d'images inattendues, " enchassees ", telles une porte ouverte au fond de la piece dans le tableau du maitre espagnol, la queue d'un faisan pris au piege debordant largement du cadre d'une enluminure du XIVe siecle, la presence incongrue d'un navire de guerre dans les rues de New York chez Buster Keaton, (...) des meduses mobiles en surimpression a la fin du film de Resnais. Dispositifs et procedes aujourd'hui banalises au cinema et en video, les " images dans l'image " susceptibles, depuis des siecles, aussi bien d'intriguer que de passer presque inapercues aupres du spectateur, sont loin d'etre innocentes. Sous l'oeil attentif deVincent Amiel, ces " images-secondes " inserees dans une image-englobante, injustement delaissees parfois par les estheticiens du cinema, acquierent un veritable statut theorique qui n'est pas celui d'une simple mise en abyme figee. Les images enchassees demandent a etre vues et pensees au moment ou elles deviennent images, dans l'instant de leur naissance, comme des figures cachees mais dynamiques qui, comme le souligne Amiel, " s'affirment comme monde et comme representation ". (shrink)
Phenomenology and the Empirical Turn: a Phenomenological Analysis of Postphenomenology.Jochem Zwier,Vincent Blok &Pieter Lemmens -2016 -Philosophy and Technology 29 (4):313-333.detailsThis paper provides a phenomenological analysis of postphenomenological philosophy of technology. While acknowledging that the results of its analyses are to be recognized as original, insightful, and valuable, we will argue that in its execution of the empirical turn, postphenomenology forfeits a phenomenological dimension of questioning. By contrasting the postphenomenological method with Heidegger’s understanding of phenomenology as developed in his early Freiburg lectures and in Being and Time, we will show how the postphenomenological method must be understood as mediation theory, (...) which adheres to what Heidegger calls the theoretical attitude. This leaves undiscussed how mediation theory about ontic beings involves a specific ontological mode of relating to beings, whereas consideration of this mode is precisely the concern of phenomenology. This ontological dimension is important to consider, since we will argue that postphenomenology is unwittingly technically mediated in an ontological way. The upshot of this is that in its dismissal of Heidegger’s questioning of technology as belonging to “classical philosophy of technology,” postphenomenology implicitly adheres to what Heidegger calls technology as Enframing. We argue that postphenomenology overlooks its own adherence to the theoretical attitude and ultimately to Enframing, and we will conclude with calling for a phenomenological questioning of the dimension that postphenomenology presently leaves unthought, meaning that we will develop a plea for a rehabilitation of the ontological dimension in the philosophy of technology. (shrink)
The Subject Matter of Phenomenological Research: Existentials, Modes, and Prejudices.AnthonyVincent Fernandez -2017 -Synthese 194 (9):3543-3562.detailsIn this essay I address the question, “What is the subject matter of phenomenological research?” I argue that in spite of the increasing popularity of phenomenology, the answers to this question have been brief and cursory. As a result, contemporary phenomenologists lack a clear framework within which to articulate the aims and results of their research, and cannot easily engage each other in constructive and critical discourse. Examining the literature on phenomenology’s identity, I show how the question of phenomenology’s subject (...) matter has been systematically neglected. It has been overshadowed by an unending concern with phenomenology’s methodological identity. However, an examination of recent contributions to this literature reveals that a concern with articulating phenomenology’s subject matter has gradually increased, although such articulations remain preliminary. In light of this, I delineate, define, and illustrate three layers of phenomenological research, which I term “existentials,” “modes,” and “prejudices.” While the delineation of these layers is drawn primarily from classical phenomenological texts, they are defined and illustrated through the use of more contemporary literature. Following the articulation of this subject matter, I briefly consider some of the debates—both foundational and applied—that can be facilitated by the adoption of this framework. (shrink)
The structure of multiplicatives.Vincent Danos &Laurent Regnier -1989 -Archive for Mathematical Logic 28 (3):181-203.detailsInvestigating Girard's new propositionnal calculus which aims at a large scale study of computation, we stumble quickly on that question: What is a multiplicative connective? We give here a detailed answer together with our motivations and expectations.
A new deconstructive logic: Linear logic.Vincent Danos,Jean-Baptiste Joinet &Harold Schellinx -1997 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 62 (3):755-807.detailsThe main concern of this paper is the design of a noetherian and confluent normalization for LK 2. The method we present is powerful: since it allows us to recover as fragments formalisms as seemingly different as Girard's LC and Parigot's λμ, FD, delineates other viable systems as well, and gives means to extend the Krivine/Leivant paradigm of `programming-with-proofs' to classical logic ; it is painless: since we reduce strong normalization and confluence to the same properties for linear logic using (...) appropriate embeddings ; it is unifying: it organizes known solutions in a simple pattern that makes apparent the how and why of their making. A comparison of our method to that of embedding LK into LJ brings to the fore the latter's defects for these `deconstructive purposes'. (shrink)
Proust: philosophie du roman.Vincent Descombes -1987 - Les Editions de Minuit.detailsEn plus d'un excellent ouvrage analytique sur Proust, cette thèse dépasse son objet en distinguant bien la pensée du romancier de celle du théoricien. Ainsi la notion de philosophie du roman est profondément explorée et la proposition d'une réforme de la théorie du récit (narratologie) est esquissée. Suppose lecture de la ##Recherche##.
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Reproductive outsourcing: an empirical ethics account of cross-border reproductive care in Canada.Vincent Couture,Régen Drouin,Jean-Marie Moutquin,Patricia Monnier &Chantal Bouffard -2019 -Journal of Medical Ethics 45 (1):41-47.detailsCross-border reproductive care (CBRC) can be defined as the movement from one jurisdiction to another for medically assisted reproduction (MAR). CBRC raises many ethical concerns that have been addressed extensively. However, the conclusions are still based on scarce evidence even considering the global scale of CBRC. Empirical ethics appears as a way to foster this ethical reflection on CBRC while attuning it with the experiences of its main actors. To better understand the ‘in and out’ situation of CBRC in Canada, (...) we conducted an ethnographic study taking a ‘critically applied ethics’ approach. This article presents a part of the findings of this research, obtained by data triangulation from qualitative analysis of pertinent literature, participant observation in two Canadian fertility clinics and 40 semidirected interviews. Based on participants’ perceptions, four themes emerged: (1) inconsistencies of the Canadian legal framework; (2) autonomy and the necessity to resort to CBRC; (3) safety and the management of CBRC individual risks; and (4) justice and solidarity. The interaction between these four themes highlights the problematic of ‘reproductive outsourcing’ that characterised the Canadian situation, a system where the controversial aspects of MAR are knowingly pushed outside the borders. (shrink)
Proust: philosophy of the novel.Vincent Descombes -1992 - Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.detailsThrough the voice of the narrator of Remembrance of Things Past, Proust observes of the painter Elstir that the paintings are bolder than the artist; Elstir the painter is bolder than Elstir the theorist. This book applies the same distinction to Proust; the Proustian novel is bolder than Proust the theorist. By this the author means that the novel is philosophically bolder, that it pursues further The task Proust identifies as the writer's work: to explain life, to elucidate what has (...) been lived in obscurity and confusion. In this, the novelist and the philosopher share a common goal: to clarify the obscure in order to arrive at the truth. It follows that Proust's real philosophy of the novel is to be found not in the speculative passages of Remembrance, which merely echo the philosophical commonplaces of his time, but in the truly novelistic or narrative portions of his text. In Against Sainte-Beuve, Proust sets forth his ideas about literature in the form of a critique of the method of Sainte-Beuve. Scholars who have studied Proust's notebooks describe the way in which this essay was taken over by bits of narrative originally intended as illustrations supporting its theses. The philosophical portions of Remembrance were not added to the narrative as an afterthought, designed to bring out its meaning. What happened was the reverse: the novel was born of a desire to illustrate the propositions of the essay. Why then should we not find the novel more philosophically advanced than the essay? Reversing the usual order following by literary critics, the author interprets the novel as an elucidation, and not as a simple transposition, of the essay. The book is not only a general interpretation of Proust's novel and its construction; it includes detailed discussions of such topics as literature and philosophy, the nature of literary genres, the poetics of the novel, the definition of art, modernity and postmodernity, and the sociology of literature. (shrink)
Risks of artificial intelligence.Vincent C. Muller (ed.) -2015 - CRC Press - Chapman & Hall.detailsPapers from the conference on AI Risk (published in JETAI), supplemented by additional work. --- If the intelligence of artificial systems were to surpass that of humans, humanity would face significant risks. The time has come to consider these issues, and this consideration must include progress in artificial intelligence (AI) as much as insights from AI theory. -- Featuring contributions from leading experts and thinkers in artificial intelligence, Risks of Artificial Intelligence is the first volume of collected chapters dedicated to (...) examining the risks of AI. The book evaluates predictions of the future of AI, proposes ways to ensure that AI systems will be beneficial to humans, and then critically evaluates such proposals. 1Vincent C. Müller, Editorial: Risks of Artificial Intelligence - 2 Steve Omohundro, Autonomous Technology and the Greater Human Good - 3 Stuart Armstrong, Kaj Sotala and Sean O’Heigeartaigh, The Errors, Insights and Lessons of Famous AI Predictions - and What they Mean for the Future - 4 Ted Goertzel, The Path to More General Artificial Intelligence - 5 Miles Brundage, Limitations and Risks of Machine Ethics - 6 Roman Yampolskiy, Utility Function Security in Artificially Intelligent Agents - 7 Ben Goertzel, GOLEM: Toward an AGI Meta-Architecture Enabling Both Goal Preservation and Radical Self-Improvement - 8 Alexey Potapov and Sergey Rodionov, Universal Empathy and Ethical Bias for Artificial General Intelligence - 9 András Kornai, Bounding the Impact of AGI - 10 Anders Sandberg, Ethics and Impact of Brain Emulations 11 Daniel Dewey, Long-Term Strategies for Ending Existential Risk from Fast Takeoff - 12 Mark Bishop, The Singularity, or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love AI -. (shrink)
No ethical divide between China and the West in human embryo research.Xiaomei Zhai,Vincent Ng &Reidar Lie -2016 -Developing World Bioethics 16 (2):116-120.detailsThis is a discussion of the reaction to the recent research article publication in the journal Protein & Cell by a group of scientists at Sun Yat-sen University using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique on editing non-viable human zygotes. Many commentators condemned the Chinese scientists for overstepping ethical boundaries long accepted in Western countries and accused China of having lax regulations on genomic research in general. We argue that not only did this research follow strict ethical standards and fully comply with current (...) regulations, but China also has a well-developed regulatory framework governing such research comparable to many developed countries. We see the reactions among Western commentators as a misunderstanding of the current situation and an expression of a lack of willingness to acknowledge China as an equal partner in the international debate about proper limits to the development of new biotechnologies. (shrink)
Sartre, Lukács, Althusser: des marxistes en philosophie.Eustache Kouvélakis &Vincent Charbonnier (eds.) -2005 - Paris: Presses universitaires de France.detailsL'idée de rassembler en un seul volume des textes sur Sartre, Lukacs et Althusser aurait relevé, il n'y a pas si longtemps, de la gageure. Aujourd'hui même, elle n'a rien d'une évidence, tant sont encore présentes dans les esprits les querelles et polémiques qui ont vu s'opposer les trois penseurs ici choisis. Histoire passée? Sans doute, à condition toutefois de la penser. Sartre, Lukacs ou Althusser représentent pourtant des moments majeurs du travail que quelque chose qui s'est nommé " le (...) " marxisme a pu mener en philosophie au cours du siècle. A ceux qui voudraient l'oublier, et tenter de nous entraîner dans ce refoulement, il convient également de rappeler qu'ils en incarnent autant de versions résolument hérétiques. Et c'est dans le sens de cette entreprise, communément partagée et diversement menée, d'une critique radicale de l'orthodoxie se réclamant de Marx, que la discussion sur leur apport respectif peut véritablement commencer. S'il en est ainsi, alors Sartre, Lukacs et Althusser représentent autant de tentatives de réaction à la transformation du marxisme en grand récit métaphysique au service des appareils politiques issus de la révolution fondatrice du " court XXe siècle " mais aussi de son involution, qui conduisit finalement à l'implosion et à la défaite. Nous pensons que les études regroupées dans ce volume, par la diversité de leurs approches et de leurs problématiques, vont contribuer à engager précisément ce débat. (shrink)
Barriers to Learning: The Case for Integrated Mental Health Services in Schools.Debra S. Lean,Vincent A. Colucci &Michael Fullan -2010 - R&L Education.detailsThis book presents a unique classification and review of various mental health and learning issues. The authors link current education and child and youth mental health reforms to make the case for improving services to address barriers to learning.
The Life and Death of Freya the Walrus: Human and Wild Animal Interactions in the Anthropocene Era.Abigail Levin &SarahVincent -2023 -Animals 13 (17).detailsThis paper addresses the killing of Freya the Walrus by the Norwegian fishing authorities in August 2022. Freya became famous for sunbathing on boats in the marina in the Oslo fjord, but she was soon euthanized in the name of public safety. Her death caused international outrage, and the aim of our paper is to demonstrate using philosophical argument why her death was unjust. We examine her plight through frameworks developed by animal ethicists involving co-sovereignty, capability, and individuality, concluding that (...) any one of these frameworks, let alone several, would have led to a more just outcome for Freya. We argue that policy makers could put these insights into practice in a number of concrete ways going forward, as such incidents are likely to reoccur given the changes in migration patterns for animals in the Anthropocene era. (shrink)
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Cosmology and Christianity.JohnVincent Peach -1965 - New York,: Hawthorn Books.detailsThe author takes up the nature and background of cosmology and discusses the theological aspects, emphasizing the Christian theory of creation. The reader will gain a broad understanding of how the figurative Biblical story of creation is not in contrast with the most modern theories of continuous evolution.
La main et l'art contemporain: (réflexion inutile no 6).Vincent Du Bois -2016 - Genève: Éditions Slatkine. Edited by Emmanuel Grandjean.detailsVincent du Bois est sculpteur sur pierre. Il a appris à tailler le marbre au pied des carrières de Carrare. Mais sa passion pour Michel-Ange ne l'empêche pas de se définir comme un artiste contemporain. De nos jours, le corps à corps avec la matière n'est plus une étape indispensable pour que l'oeuvre prenne forme. Le sculpteur peut programmer une machine pour se charger de ce travail. En tant qu'artiste, mais aussi en tant que penseur et citoyen,Vincent (...) du Bois interroge cette virtualisation de notre société qui contourne le rapport direct avec la matière et le sens du touché en donnant les pleins pouvoirs à la vue.0Il nous montre comment la révolution numérique, phénomène unique par son ampleur dans l'histoire humaine, signe le triomphe de l'abstraction sur la sensation.Vincent du Bois écrit en sculpteur. Il creuse l'essence des choses comme on taille un bloc, procédant par épanelages successifs jusqu'à ce que se révèle la forme sous-jacente. Elle prend ici les traits d'une question : quel pourra être le rôle du corps dans une société vouée aux écrans? (shrink)
Reference: from conventions to pragmatics.Laure Gardelle,LaurenceVincent-Durroux &Hélène Vinckel (eds.) -2023 - Philadelphia: John Benjamins.detailsThis volume provides an innovative approach to the referential process thanks to its focus on the relationship between conventions and discourse pragmatics. It brings together a cross-section of current research on referential conventions and pragmatic strategies, in a number of different fields (formal and theoretical linguistics, semantics, discourse analysis, psycholinguistics, interactional linguistics, natural language processing), in a variety of verbal and non-verbal languages (English, German, different varieties of French, Indonesian, Belgian sign language) and in a diversity of contexts (the coining (...) of names, language acquisition, second language learning, and various genres such as news articles, narratives, satire or game playing). The volume is meant as a series of thought-provoking studies which place speakers and addressees at the core of the referential act, thus providing evidence on how they negotiate and adjust, depending on the context. (shrink)
Aestheticism.RobertVincent Johnson -1969 - New York,: Barnes & Noble.details"In our critical vocabulary of literary forms, kinds and stylistic features, there are some terms for which compact definition are bound to be inadequate. The purpose of this series of introductory studies is to accustom the student to these terms by means of a straightforward discussion with illustrative quotation and, where appropriate, references to the literature of more than one language. In each case the author has compiled a short, annotated guide to further reading."-Publisher.
L'identification des idées.Vincent Descombes -1998 -Revue Philosophique De Louvain 96 (1):86-118.detailsL'intérêt considérable de la théorie de la culture défendue par Dan Sperber, dans son livre La contagion des idées, est d'expliciter plus fermement que de coutume les présupposés ontologiques d'une approche atomiste dans ce domaine. L'ethnographe présuppose qu'il y a dans le monde, non seulement des personnes, mais des idées. Comment les idées sont-elles dans le monde ? Le 'monisme ontologique' de Sperber consiste à refuser de multiplier les genres d'entités. Les idées sont donc, selon lui, des entités matérielles au (...) même titre que les personnes. Pourtant, le véritable problème ontologique qui se pose au sujet des idées n'est pas de décider si elles sont des objets matériels ou plutôt des objets immatériels, mais de savoir si leur mode d'être est celui des objets ou s'il est d'une autre catégorie que celle des objets. (shrink)
Do aid agencies have an ethical duty to comply with researchers? A response to Rennie.Rony Zachariah,Vincent Janssens &Nathan Ford -2006 -Developing World Bioethics 6 (2):78–80.detailsABSTRACT Medical AID organisations such as Médecins Sans Frontières receive several requests from individuals and international academic institutions to conduct research at their implementation sites in Africa. Do AID agencies have an ethical duty to comply with research requests? In this paper we respond to the views and constructed theories (albeit unfounded) of one such researcher, whose request to conduct research at one of our sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo was turned down.
Earthborns and Olympians: The Parodos of the Ion.Vincent J. Rosivach -1977 -Classical Quarterly 27 (02):284-.detailsThe action of Euripides' Ion takes place in front of the temple of Apollo at Delphi. The chorus, maidservants of Kreusa who have come with her from Athens, enters at 184, admiring the temple and commenting on a series of mythological scenes which they see represented before them: Herakles slaying the Hydra with the help of Iolaos ; Bellerophon mounted on Pegasos slaying Chimaira ; a Gigantomachial which includes the figures of Athena brandishing her Gorgon shield against Enkelados , Zeus (...) laying Mimas low with a thunderbolt , and Bakchos slaying another Giant with his thyrsos . The chorus's description recalls the temple of Apollo which stood in Delphi in Euripides' day. (shrink)
AIDS and the Politician’s Right to Privacy.Vincent Samar -1994 - In Elliot D. Cohen,Aids: Crisis in Professional Ethics. Temple University Press. pp. 229-251.detailsAIDS and the Politician’s Right to Privacy.
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“Autonomy, Gay Rights, and Human Self-Fulfillment: An Argument for a Modified Liberalism in Public Education.”.Vincent Samar -2004 -William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law 10 (2):137-93.detailsIn this article, I argue that public education should provide a constructive forum for discussing aspects of lesbian and gay lifestyles in both primary and secondary schools. My argument is that such action is necessary to offset the way the dominant culture limits the capacities of gays and lesbians to achieve human self-fulfillment. In making this argument, I recognize that I am going beyond merely promoting social tolerance to legitimizing an actual place for discussion of the needs and interests of (...) gays and lesbians in the society at large. The principles I will apply to make this argument are not specifically situated in legal philosophy (concerning the nature of law and its evaluation), but rather, principles of normative political philosophy (concerning ethical justifications of governmental institutions) as we might find in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the UN in 1948. (shrink)
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“Gay Rights as a Particular Instantiation of Human Rights.”.Vincent Samar -2001 -Albany Law Review 64:983-1030.detailsThe article argues that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) rights are a particular instantiation of human rights. But in order to make this argument several things must be done first. Preliminarily, it should be noted that some transgendered issues fall under the rubric "gay rights," even though strictly speaking, they center most prominently on gender and not sexual orientation. Still, there gender aspects are often ignored because of concerns related to sexual orientation, such as whether a transgendered female can (...) use a woman's washroom. Arguably, the reverse may also be true of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals, as many of society's concerns regarding this group involve their following gender roles, even though the discrimination against them is not usually seen as sex discrimination. Bearing that in mind, among the various responsibilities of this article is to define--in the broad sense--what gay and lesbian rights are. This is followed by a similar set of expressions defining what human rights are and an argument for how such rights get justified. Once that is done, the connection between gay and lesbian rights and human rights is pursued within the context of a theory of political morality that establishes the centrality of human rights to all moral concerns. (shrink)
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