Experiences with community engagement and informed consent in a genetic cohort study of severe childhood diseases in Kenya.V. M. Marsh,D. M. Kamuya,A. M. Mlamba,T. N. Williams &S. S. Molyneux -2010 -BMC Medical Ethics 11 (1):13-13.detailsBackgroundThe potential contribution of community engagement to addressing ethical challenges for international biomedical research is well described, but there is relatively little documented experience of community engagement to inform its development in practice. This paper draws on experiences around community engagement and informed consent during a genetic cohort study in Kenya to contribute to understanding the strengths and challenges of community engagement in supporting ethical research practice, focusing on issues of communication, the role of field workers in 'doing ethics' on (...) the ground and the challenges of community consultation.MethodsThe findings are based on action research methods, including analysis of community engagement documentation and the observations of the authors closely involved in their development and implementation. Qualitative and quantitative content analysis has been used for documentation of staff meetings and trainings, a meeting with 24 community leaders, and 40 large public and 70 small community group meetings. Meeting minutes from a purposive sample of six community representative groups have been analysed using a thematic framework approach.ResultsField workers described challenges around misunderstandings about research, perceived pressure for recruitment and challenges in explaining the study. During consultation, leaders expressed support for the study and screening for sickle cell disease. In community meetings, there was a common interpretation of research as medical care. Concerns centred on unfamiliar procedures. After explanations of study procedures to leaders and community members, few questions were asked about export of samples or the archiving of samples for future research.ConclusionsCommunity engagement enabled researchers to take account of staff and community opinions and issues during the study and adapt messages and methods to address emerging ethical challenges. Field workers conducting informed consent faced complex issues and their understanding, attitudes and communication skills were key influences on ethical practice. Community consultation was a challenging concept to put into practice, illustrating the complexity of assessing information needs and levels of deliberation that are appropriate to a given study. (shrink)
Individualʹnoe i universalʹnoe kak zerkalo vechnogo protivostoi︠a︡nii︠a︡ v filosofii.V. M. Dorokhin -2010 - Sankt-Peterburg: I︠U︡rid. t︠s︡entr Press.detailsВ монографии рассматривается соотношение индивидуальных и универсальных начал в праве как эффективное средство решения многих правовых проблем, как руководство в законодательной и судебной деятельности.
Quo Vadis: Anthropological Dimension of the Modern Civilization Crisis.V. M. Shapoval &I. V. Tolstov -2021 -Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research 19:23-31.detailsThe purpose of the article is the analysis of the causes of the systemic crisis that hit modern civilization through the description of its main structures, identifying the relationship between its elements, assessments of their heuristic potential. This will open up opportunities for finding ways to resolve this crisis, new directions of civilizational development. Theoretical basis of the research are the systems analysis, socio-philosophical and philosophical-anthropological approaches as well as the analysis of scientific developments in the field of global studies. (...) Originality lies in the fact that this article is the first to show the connection between the main structural elements of human civilization as a system. Change in one of the parameters leads to a change in all the others, together with a change in civilization as a whole. Conclusions. The reason for the deep crisis that hit modern civilization is its imbalance as a system. The most important elements of this system are population size, resources and technology, and the core is consciousness in its individual and collective forms. The perception, processing, and use of information, which is a defining civilizational resource, as well as the stability of the entire system depend on the state of consciousness. Consciousness, based on old, obsolete principles and stereotypes, is unable to cope with the most acute challenges of time. New consciousness, since it is formed, will mark the transition to a new theoretical picture of the world and a model of human behavior, in which people will act, driven by proven knowledge, and not willfulness and prejudice. The idea of forming a productive information environment where the ideas of constructiveness and creative work will dominate rather than consumerism and destruction, as is the case at present, must become the categorical imperative of the new consciousness. (shrink)
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Metamorfozy rossiĭskogo mentaliteta: filosofskie ėti︠u︡dy.V. M. Rozin -2011 - Moskva: Librokom, URSS.detailsИздание содержит: Российская власть, общество и право в контексте исторических изменений и реформ, вмененности российского сознания, практики возобновляемой культуры.
Returning a Research Participant's Genomic Results to Relatives: Analysis and Recommendations.Susan M. Wolf,Rebecca Branum,Barbara A. Koenig,Gloria M. Petersen,Susan A. Berry,Laura M. Beskow,Mary B. Daly,Conrad V. Fernandez,Robert C. Green,Bonnie S. LeRoy,Noralane M. Lindor,P. Pearl O'Rourke,Carmen Radecki Breitkopf,Mark A. Rothstein,Brian Van Ness &Benjamin S. Wilfond -2015 -Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 43 (3):440-463.detailsGenomic research results and incidental findings with health implications for a research participant are of potential interest not only to the participant, but also to the participant's family. Yet investigators lack guidance on return of results to relatives, including after the participant's death. In this paper, a national working group offers consensus analysis and recommendations, including an ethical framework to guide investigators in managing this challenging issue, before and after the participant's death.