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  1.  36
    Clarifications on mass media campaigns promoting organ donation: a response to Rady, McGregor, & Verheijde (2012).Susan E. Morgan &ThomasHughFeeley -2013 -Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 16 (4):865-868.
    The current paper provides readers some clarifications on the nature and goals of mass media campaigns designed to promote organ donation. These clarifications were necessitated by an earlier essay by Rady et al. (Med Health Care Philos 15:229–241, 2012) who present erroneous claims that media promotion campaigns in this health context represent propaganda that seek to misrepresent the transplantation process. Information is also provided on the nature and relative power of media campaigns in organ donation promotion.
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  2.  2
    Francis Bacon: criticism and the modern world.ThomasHugh Jameson -1970 - New York: F. A. Praeger.
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  3.  92
    Shame, Masculinity, and the Death ofThomas Becket.Hugh M.Thomas -2012 -Speculum 87 (4):1050-1088.
    On the day before Christmas, 1170, Robert de Broc, member of a family of royal servants that had taken up King Henry II's fierce opposition toThomas Becket, seized a horse bringing goods to the archbishop and cut off its tail. The next day, ArchbishopThomas noted this incident after his Christmas sermon when renewing his excommunication of Robert and several others, and he discussed it again four days later in his initial meeting with the men who would (...) shortly murder him. The excision of the horse's tail appears in five of the biographies of the martyr and subsequently in the national chronicles of Roger of Howden and Ralph of Diceto. Why did a minor act of cruelty inflicted on a horse seem so noteworthy to contemporaries? The sources recording it resound with the rich Latin vocabulary of shame: “dedecus, contemptus, ignominia, dehonestatio, opprobrium.” Robert's highly symbolic act, part of a pattern of harassment by the Brocs, was designed not just to threaten Becket but also to humiliate him. (shrink)
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  4.  19
    Sally Harvey, Domesday: Book of Judgement. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. xxi, 335; 8 black-and-white figures and 1 table. $55. ISBN: 978-0-19-966978-3. [REVIEW]Hugh M.Thomas -2017 -Speculum 92 (1):259-261.
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  5.  91
    Stefan Burkhardt andThomas Foerster, eds., Norman Tradition and Transcultural Heritage: Exchange of Cultures in the “Norman” Peripheries of Medieval Europe. Farnham, Surrey, UK, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2013. Pp. vi, 305. $134.95. ISBN: 978-1-4094-6330-6.Keith J. Stringer and Andrew Jotischky, eds., Norman Expansion: Connections, Continuities, and Contrasts. Farnham, Surrey, UK, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2013. Pp. xiv, 261; 10 black-and-white figures. $119.95. ISBN: 978-1-4094-4838-9. [REVIEW]Hugh M.Thomas -2015 -Speculum 90 (2):514-516.
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  6.  19
    Lars Kjær, The Medieval Gift and the Classical Tradition: Ideals and Performance of Generosity in Medieval England, 1100–1300. (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought 114.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. ix, 225. $99.99. ISBN: 978-1-1084-2402-8. [REVIEW]Hugh M.Thomas -2022 -Speculum 97 (3):852-853.
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  7.  35
    The Papers ofThomas A. Edison. Volume I: The Making of an Inventor, February 1847-June 1873. Reese V. Jenkins.Thomas Hughes -1990 -Isis 81 (4):790-791.
  8. A Systems-Ordered World.Thomas P. Hughes -2005 - In M. Gorman, R. Tweney, D. Gooding & A. Kincannon,Scientific and Technological Thinking. Erlbaum. pp. 277.
     
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  9.  8
    The Economy of Thought.Thomas Hughes -1875
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  10.  9
    The new psychology and religious experience.Thomas Hywel Hughes -1933 - London,: G. Allen & Unwin.
    Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- INTRODUCTION -- PART I -- CHAPTER I. THE BASAL ASSUMPTIONS OF THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY -- A. BEHAVIOURISM -- B. PSYCHOANALYSIS -- PART II -- CHAPTER II. PROJECTION AND THE REALITY OF GOD -- CHAPTER III. THE INSTINCTS AND THE RELIGIOUS LIFE -- A. RELIGION AND THE INSTINCT OF SEX -- B. -- C. -- CHAPTER IV. THE RELIGIOUS CONSCIOUSNESS AND EXPERIENCE -- (...) A. THE RELIGIOUS CONSCIOUSNESS -- B. RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE -- CHAPTER V. THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF SIN -- CONSCIENCE -- CHAPTER VI. CONVERSION -- CHAPTER VII. THE PEACE AND POWER OF RELIGION -- A. THE SENSE OF PEACE -- B. THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF POWER -- C. THE SENSE OF A DIVINE PRESENCE -- CHAPTER VIII. THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY AND CHRISTIANITY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX. (shrink)
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  11.  34
    Model Builders and Instrument Makers.Thomas P. Hughes -1988 -Science in Context 2 (1):59-75.
    The ArgumentMany inventors, engineers, and scientists think in verbal images. Elmer Sperry (1860–1930), a noted American inventor, was able to “operate” in his mind's eye the machines he was developing. For inventors, engineers, and experimental scientists, visualization is often followed by construction of a physical model of the invention, which can be an experimental apparatus. The model, or apparatus, is then tested in increasingly complex environments and changes are made in the physical artifact until it is ready to be used. (...) Examples of this process of development are Sperry's development of a ship stabilizer for the U.S. Navy and a revolving mirror to be used by Albert Michelson in the determination of the speed of light.Thomas Edison called experimentation his development of an invention through the building and testing of a series of models. So, both scientists and inventors experiment. They are not discovering the “secrets of nature”: they are observing how artifacts – their physical creations – behave. These physical models of thought reflect the characteristics of the tools with which they were made. They are socially constructed, as well. (shrink)
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  12.  18
    Variations in orientation of etch pits on graphite surfaces.J. M.Thomas,E. E. Glenda Hughes &B. R. Williams -1963 -Philosophical Magazine 8 (93):1513-1518.
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  13. Spiritualism and Common Sense, by R.T.H.Thomas Hughes -1868
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  14.  30
    On the Ambiguity in Definite Descriptions.Thomas J. Hughes -2014 - In Piotr Stalmaszczyk,Philosophy of Language and Linguistics: The Legacy of Frege, Russell, and Wittgenstein. Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 99-114.
  15.  58
    “Personal Knowledge” in Medicine and the Epistemic Shortcomings of Scientism.Hugh Marshall McHugh &SimonThomas Walker -2015 -Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 12 (4):577-585.
    In this paper, we outline a framework for understanding the different kinds of knowledge required for medical practice and use this framework to show how scientism undermines aspects of this knowledge. The framework is based on Michael Polanyi’s claim that knowledge is primarily the product of the contemplations and convictions of persons and yet at the same time carries a sense of universality because it grasps at reality. Building on Polanyi’s ideas, we propose that knowledge can be described along two (...) intersecting “dimensions”: the tacit–explicit and the particular–general. These dimensions supersede the familiar “objective−subjective” dichotomy, as they more accurately describe the relationship between medical science and medical practice. Scientism, we argue, excludes tacit and particular knowledge and thereby distorts “clinical reality” and impairs medical practice and medical ethics. (shrink)
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  16.  33
    Einstein, Inventors, and Invention.Thomas P. Hughes -1993 -Science in Context 6 (1):25-42.
    The ArgumentAlbert Einstein had more than a passing and trivial involvement with patents and inventions. The historian seeking to fathom Einstein's thought processes would be ill-advised to pass lightly over his years at the Swiss Federal Patent office (1902–1909) and to consider his professional advice-giving about patents and his patenting of his inventions as merely peripheral to his core concerns and cognitive style. Years of reading patents and visualizing the machines, devices, and electromagnetic phenomena described in them is a formative (...) experience. A number of inventors besides Einstein enhanced their power of visualization from reading and writing patent claims. It is reasonable to conclude that the Patent Office years honed his remarkable gift for visually conceptualizing systematic artifactual relationships that he used in articulating theory. (shrink)
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  17.  39
    MEG responses over right inferior frontal gyrus during stop-signal task performance.Hughes Matthew,Woods William,Thomas Neil,Michie Patricia &Rossell Susan -2015 -Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  18.  23
    Putting ‘Emotional Intelligences’ in Their Place: Introducing the Integrated Model of Affect-Related Individual Differences.David J. Hughes &Thomas Rhys Evans -2018 -Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  19.  40
    A Short History of Technology: From the Earliest Times to A. D. 1900. T. K. Derry, Trevor I. Williams.Thomas Hughes -1963 -Isis 54 (3):417-418.
  20.  26
    Collaborative provision quality assurance isn’t just red tape ….Claire Hughes &HelenThomas -2017 -Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education 21 (1):20-25.
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  21.  75
    The Mystified Ms. Dowd.Thomas M. Hughes -2012 -The Chesterton Review 38 (1/2):337-340.
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  22.  35
    The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force, and Society since A.D. 1000. William H. McNeill.Thomas Hughes -1984 -Isis 75 (1):225-227.
  23.  44
    Bottled Energy: Electrical Engineering and the Evolution of Chemical Energy Storage. Richard H. Schallenberg.Thomas Hughes -1983 -Isis 74 (3):437-438.
  24.  11
    The Ideal Theory of Berkeley, and the Real World.Thomas Hughes -2013 - Theclassics.Us.
    This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1865 edition. Excerpt:... PART II. BERKELEY'S PHILOSOPHY: SECTION XIV. Bishop Berkeley is best known by the system of idealism developed by him. This theory is unfolded in two works, called "The Principles of Human Knowledge/' and "Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous."t If it were not for this system, the (...) name and works of Berkeley, like many more good and great men, would have fallen into a state of entire obscurity. But so long as the various systems of mental science will be studied, the name of Berkeley will be mentioned and his works studied. As yet his theory of idealism, and works in general, have not been so generally read and digested, as they have been The book called, The Principles of Human Knowledge, was published in 1710, by Aaron Rhonies, for Jeremy Pepyat, bookseller in Skinner Row, Dublin; and was the only edition published in Dr. Berkeley's life. t His Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonout was published in London in 1713. It shows much acuteness, great precision and elegance of expression, bat considerable repetition, and often appears as one turning in a circle. D ignorantly referred to and flippantly treated with a smile. The demonstration of the great lexicographer, Dr. Johnson, against the idealism of Berkeley, kicking a stone, is as faithfully and generally copied as it is familiarly known His system of idealism is considered, generally, so absurd, and contrary to common sense and universal experience, that the best answer it is worthy of is to treat it lightly and indifferently, as the production of one whose brain was not sound at the time in all its organs and powers.t On this ground the philosopher has just reason to complain, and appeal against his critics and judges. We think that the views and sincere convictions of... (shrink)
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  25.  30
    Coding modality vs. input modality in hypermnesia: Is a rose a rose a rose?MatthewHugh Erdelyi,Shira Finkelstein,Nadeanne Herrel,Bruce Miller &JaneThomas -1976 -Cognition 4 (4):311-319.
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  26.  138
    Lexicalisation and the Origin of the Human Mind.Thomas J. Hughes &J. T. M. Miller -2014 -Biosemiotics 7 (1):11-27.
    This paper will discuss the origin of the human mind, and the qualitative discontinuity between human and animal cognition. We locate the source of this discontinuity within the language faculty, and thus take the origin of the mind to depend on the origin of the language faculty. We will look at one such proposal put forward by Hauser et al. (Science 298:1569-1579, 2002), which takes the evolution of a Merge trait (recursion) to solely explain the differences between human and animal (...) cognition. We argue that the Merge-only hypothesis fails to account for various aspects of the human mind. Instead we propose that the process of lexicalisation is also unique to humans, and that this process is key to explaining the vast qualitative differences. We will argue that lexicalisation is a process through which concepts are reformatted to be able to take on semantic features and to take part in grammatical relations. These are both necessary conditions for a grammatical mind and the increased ability to express conceptual content. We therefore propose a possible explanans for the discontinuity between humans and animals, namely that merge with lexicalisation (and consequently semantic features and grammatical relations) is a minimal requirement for the human mind. (shrink)
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  27.  694
    The Varieties of Darwinism: Explanation, Logic, and Worldview.Hugh Desmond,André Ariew,Philippe Huneman &Thomas A. C. Reydon -manuscript
    Ever since its inception, the theory of evolution has been reified into an “-ism”: Darwinism. While biologists today tend to shy away from the term in their research, the term is still actively used in the broader academic and societal contexts. What exactly is Darwinism, and how precisely are its various uses and abuses related to the scientific theory of evolution? Some call for limiting the meaning of the term “Darwinism” to its scientific context; others call for its abolition; yet (...) others claim the term refers to a myth-like story. In this paper we propose a conceptually grounded overview of the term. We show how the scientific dimension of Darwinism feeds into, and is influenced by, guises of Darwinism as a methodology and as an ethically and politically charged “worldview”. The full meaning of Darwinism, as well as how this meaning has changed over time, can only be understood through the complex interaction between these three dimensions. (shrink)
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  28.  88
    The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in Sociology and History of Technology (25th Anniversary Edition with new preface).Wiebe E. Bijker,Thomas P. Hughes &Trevor Pinch (eds.) -1987 - MIT Press.
  29.  18
    Acceptance.Thomas P. Hughes -1991 -Science, Technology and Human Values 16 (3):387-389.
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  30. The New Psychology and Religious Experience.Thomas Hywel Hughes -1934 -Philosophy 9 (33):119-121.
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  31.  25
    Shaped Technology: An Afterword.Thomas Hughes -1995 -Science in Context 8 (2):451-455.
    The informative and engaging essays in the foregoing collection suggest several interesting concepts that deserve further research and reflection. Over the past decade, the “social construction of technology” has become a concept often explored by historians (Bijker, Hughes, and Pinch 1987). Even though it has performed the useful function of discrediting technological determinism, the concept suggests too narrow a set of influences that shape technology. Two other concept, “nature-shaped technology” and “culture-shaped technology,” convey the character of technology more effectively. To (...) designate “nature” as a shaper of technology reminds us that in a relatively prisine world the designer of technology negotiates with natural forces more than with human-built ones. To see culture as a shaper of technology suggests a broader range of influences affecting technology, not simply the social. “Shaping” conveys the notion of influence and avoids that of determinism better than “construction.”. (shrink)
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  32.  39
    Continental philosophy in America.Hugh J. Silverman,John Sallis &Thomas M. Seebohm (eds.) -1983 - Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
  33.  26
    The predictive validity of typical and maximal personality measures in self-reports and peer reports.Robert C. Klesges,Hugh Mcginley,Gregory J. Jurkovic &Thomas J. Morgan -1979 -Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 13 (6):401-404.
  34.  589
    Grammar, Ambiguity, and Definite Descriptions.Thomas J. Hughes -2015 - Dissertation, Durham University
  35.  44
    Letters to the Editor.Thomas Hughes &John Hendry -1990 -Isis 81 (1):75-76.
  36. The Human Will: Its Functions and Freedom.Thomas Hughes -1867
     
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  37.  33
    Turning Points in Western Technology: A Study of Technology, Science, and History. D. S. L. Cardwell.Thomas Hughes -1974 -Isis 65 (1):108-110.
  38.  22
    The Role of Implicit and Explicit Beliefs in Grave‐Good Practices: Evidence for Intuitive Afterlife Reasoning.Thomas Swan,Jesse Bering,Ruth Hughes &Jamin Halberstadt -2023 -Cognitive Science 47 (4):e13263.
    The practice of burying objects with the dead is often claimed as some of the earliest evidence for religion, on the assumption that such “grave goods” were intended for the decedents’ use in the afterlife. However, this assumption is largely speculative, as the underlying motivations for grave‐good practices across time and place remain little understood. In the present work, we asked if explicit and implicit religious beliefs (particularly those concerning the continuity of personal consciousness after death) motivate contemporary grave‐good practices. (...) Across three studies, and comparing participants from the United States and NZ, we measured grave‐good deposition at actual or hypothetical funerals, finding that jewelry, photographs, and other items with sentimental, emotional, and relationship value were common. In addition, intuitive afterlife reasoning (as measured by people's attributions of mental states to the dead) motivated grave‐good decision‐making for about half (Study 2) or more (Study 3) people, including afterlife nonbelievers (“extinctivists”), while those who held explicit (i.e., stated) afterlife beliefs were more likely to participate in the practice. The decision to leave grave goods was also associated with magical contagion beliefs and a need for personal comfort, while other motivations, such as social signaling, were less common. Our results suggest that “afterlife use” is a common motivation for grave‐good practices, and that humans possess evolutionarily early intuitions about postdeath consciousness. (shrink)
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  39. Is Political Obligation Necessary for Obedience? Hobbes on Hostility, War and Obligation.Thomas M. Hughes -2012 -Teoria Politica 2:77-99.
    Contemporary debates on obedience and consent, such as those betweenThomas Senor and A. John Simmons, suggest that either political obligation must exist as a concept or there must be natural duty of justice accessible to us through reason. Without one or the other, de facto political institutions would lack the requisite moral framework to engage in legitimate coercion. This essay suggests that both are unnecessary in order to provide a conceptual framework in which obedience to coercive political institutions (...) can be understood. By providing a novel reading of Hobbes’s Leviathan, this article argues that both political obligation and a natural duty to justice are unnecessary to ground the ability of political institutions to engage in legitimate coercion. This essay takes issue with common readings of Hobbes which assume consent is necessary to generate obedience on the part of citizens, and furthermore that political obligation is critical for the success of political institutions. While the failure of the traditional Hobbesian narrative of a consenting individual would seem to suggest the Leviathan is indefensible as a project, this paper argues that the right of war in the state of nature was more central for Hob- bes’s understanding of political institutions than obligation. Furthermore, Hobbes provides an adequate defense of political institutions even if his arguments about consent, obligation and punishment are only rhetorical. In this way Hobbesian law is best understood as a set of practical requirements to avoid war, and not as moral requirements that individuals are bound to comply with. Thus Hobbesian political institutions are not vulnerable to contemporary philosophical anarchist criticisms about political obligation and political institutions as such. To develop this reading, I focus primarily on the Leviathan, including interpretations by Skinner, Kateb, Flathman, and Oakeshott. Ultimately, this argument provides insight into contem- porary political institutions of the state, citizenship, criminality, and the law in a world where political obligation has not been adequately justified. (shrink)
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  40.  42
    Manual (a)symmetries in grasp posture planning: a short review.Christian Seegelke,Charmayne Mary Lee Hughes &Thomas Schack -2014 -Frontiers in Psychology 5:118261.
    Many activities of daily living require that we physically interact with one or more objects. Object manipulation provides an intriguing domain in which the presence and extent of manual asymmetries can be studied on a motor planning and a motor execution level. In this literature review we present a state of the art for manual asymmetries at the level of motor planning during object manipulation. First, we introduce pioneering work on grasp posture planning. We then sketch the studies investigating the (...) impact of future task demands during unimanual and bimanual object manipulation tasks in healthy adult populations. In sum, in contrast to motor execution, there is little evidence for hand-based performance differences in grasp posture planning. We discuss potential reasons for the lack of manual asymmetries in motor planning and outline potential avenues of future research. (shrink)
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  41.  25
    Comment: Trait EI Moderates the Relationship Between Ability EI and Emotion Regulation.David J. Hughes &Thomas Rhys Evans -2016 -Emotion Review 8 (4):331-332.
    Mestre, MacCann, Guil, and Roberts (2016) propose a model that suggests emotion regulation provides the mechanism through which ability emotional intelligence influences important outcomes. We argue that important nuance in our understanding of people’s choice of emotion regulation strategy can be gained by incorporating personality constructs such as trait emotional intelligence within this model.
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  42.  42
    Possible words: generativity, instantiation, and individuation.Thomas J. Hughes -2023 -Synthese 202 (6):1-27.
    Words come into existence through a number of distinct processes including naming, semantic shifts, morphological productivity, and compounding. In accounting for the instantiation and individuation of word-types, two diachronic proposals termed Originalism and History are considered, which view word-types as emerging through a tokening act after which they are subsequently distinguished from others on the basis of having a unique event-like origin. In the following paper I elucidate two central tenets of Originalism and History, which I name essentialism and propagation. (...) Next, I demonstrate that each suffer considerable challenges from evidence pertaining to the systematic generativity of words grounded in universal features of human lexical cognition. A third diachronic theory named Originalism-Plus-Transfer (OPT) is then outlined. I argue that this more nuanced version of Originalism, in its present form, still lacks a thorough explanation of pivotal features of word generativity, word instantiation, and word individuation. A number of ‘synchronic’ constraints on word-hood—phonological, phonotactic, morpho-syntactic, and semantic—are put forward to ground the possible space for word generation. I conclude by exploring the viability of supplementing OPT with synchronic constraints and propose that a union between the two has the potential to provide OPT with greater empirical strength and predictive power. The upshot of this analysis is that there exists great programmatic value for diachronic theories in drawing on synchronic data and that the latter must feature as central to the philosophy of words if such work is to anticipate achieving explanatory adequacy. (shrink)
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  43.  80
    Linguistic intuitions and the faculty of language: Samuel Schindler, Anna Drożdżowicz, and Karen Brøcker (eds): Linguistic intuitions: Evidence and method. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020, 302pp, £65 HB.Thomas J. Hughes -2021 -Metascience 31 (1):117-120.
  44.  51
    Deixis, demonstratives, and definite descriptions.Thomas J. Hughes -2020 -Thought: A Journal of Philosophy 9 (4):285-297.
    Definite articles and demonstratives share many features in common including a related etymology and a number of parallel communicative functions. The following paper is concerned with developing a novel proposal on how to distinguish the two types of expression. First, crosslinguistic evidence is presented to argue that demonstratives contain locational markers that are employed in deictic uses to force contrastive focus and accentuate an intended referent against a contextual background. Conversely, definite articles lack such markers. Demonstratives are thus more likely (...) to force referential interpretations, whereas definite descriptions are more open to attributive ones. Second, an analysis of determiner phrases is provided to illustrate that certain syntactic projections capture deictic differences between the two expressions. Semantic correlates of the proposal are then considered before it is situated with respect to contemporary work distinguishing the two categories on the basis of a non‐redundancy condition (that the overt noun phrase complement of a demonstrative may not denote a singleton set), which I suggest is derivative on the presence of contrastive deictic markers in demonstratives. (shrink)
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  45.  24
    America as Second Creation.Thomas P. Hughes -2006 -Minerva 44 (2):219-222.
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  46.  36
    Loyola and the Educational System of the Jesuits.Series of the Great Educators.Thomas Hughes &Nicholas Murray Butler -1892 -Philosophical Review 1 (5):564-565.
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  47.  40
    Daoism and Anarchism: Critiques of State Autonomy in Ancient and Modern China by John Rapp. [REVIEW]Thomas M. Hughes -2014 -Philosophy East and West 64 (4):1106-1108.
  48.  34
    Industriekultur: Peter Behrens and the AEG, 1907-1914 by Tilmann Buddensieg; Henning Rogge; Gabriele Heidecker; Karin Wilhelm; Sabine Bohle; Fritz Neumeyer; Iain Boyd Whyte. [REVIEW]Thomas Hughes -1985 -Isis 76:409-411.
  49.  23
    Technology in Western Civilisation. Vol. I: The Emergence of Modern Industrial Society, Earliest Times to 1900Melvin Kranzberg Carroll W. Pursell, Jr. [REVIEW]Thomas Hughes -1968 -Isis 59 (2):207-208.
  50.  16
    Edward Goodrich Acheson: Inventor, Scientist, Industrialist by Raymond Szymanowitz. [REVIEW]Thomas Hughes -1973 -Isis 64:281-282.
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