Results for 'Steve Lytinen'
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- What's the Point?Roger C. Schank,Gregg C. Collins,Ernest Davis,Peter N. Johnson,SteveLytinen &Brian J. Reiser -1982 -Cognitive Science 6 (3):255-275.We present a theory of conversation comprehension in which a line of the conversation is “understood” by relating it to one of seven possible “points”. We define these points, and present examples where it seems plausible that the failure to “get the point” would indeed constitute a failure to understand the conversation. We argue that the recognition of such points must proceed in both a top down and bottom up fashion, and thus is likely to be quite complicated. Finally, we (...) see the processing of information in the conversation to be dependent upon which point classification the user decides upon. (shrink)
- Completeness and Categoricity. Part I: Nineteenth-century Axiomatics to Twentieth-century Metalogic.Steve Awodey &Erich H. Reck -2002 -History and Philosophy of Logic 23 (1):1-30.This paper is the first in a two-part series in which we discuss several notions of completeness for systems of mathematical axioms, with special focus on their interrelations and historical origins in the development of the axiomatic method. We argue that, both from historical and logical points of view, higher-order logic is an appropriate framework for considering such notions, and we consider some open questions in higher-order axiomatics. In addition, we indicate how one can fruitfully extend the usual set-theoretic semantics (...) so as to shed new light on the relevant strengths and limits of higher-order logic. (shrink)
- At the Heart of Morality Lies Folk Psychology.Steve Guglielmo,Andrew E. Monroe &Bertram F. Malle -2009 -Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 52 (5):449-466.Moral judgments about an agent's behavior are enmeshed with inferences about the agent's mind. Folk psychology—the system that enables such inferences—therefore lies at the heart of moral judgment. We examine three related folk-psychological concepts that together shape people's judgments of blame: intentionality, choice, and free will. We discuss people's understanding and use of these concepts, address recent findings that challenge the autonomous role of these concepts in moral judgment, and conclude that choice is the fundamental concept of the three, defining (...) the core of folk psychology in moral judgment. (shrink)
- First-order logical duality.Steve Awodey -2013 -Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 164 (3):319-348.From a logical point of view, Stone duality for Boolean algebras relates theories in classical propositional logic and their collections of models. The theories can be seen as presentations of Boolean algebras, and the collections of models can be topologized in such a way that the theory can be recovered from its space of models. The situation can be cast as a formal duality relating two categories of syntax and semantics, mediated by homming into a common dualizing object, in this (...) case 2.In the present work, we generalize the entire arrangement from propositional to first-order logic, using a representation result of Butz and Moerdijk. Boolean algebras are replaced by Boolean categories presented by theories in first-order logic, and spaces of models are replaced by topological groupoids of models and their isomorphisms. A duality between the resulting categories of syntax and semantics, expressed primarily in the form of a contravariant adjunction, is established by homming into a common dualizing object, now Sets, regarded once as a boolean category, and once as a groupoid equipped with an intrinsic topology.The overall framework of our investigation is provided by topos theory. Direct proofs of the main results are given, but the specialist will recognize toposophical ideas in the background. Indeed, the duality between syntax and semantics is really a manifestation of that between algebra and geometry in the two directions of the geometric morphisms that lurk behind our formal theory. Along the way, we give an elementary proof of Butz and Moerdijkʼs result in logical terms. (shrink)
- Completeness and Categoricity, Part II: Twentieth-Century Metalogic to Twenty-first-Century Semantics.Steve Awodey &Erich H. Reck -2002 -History and Philosophy of Logic 23 (2):77-94.This paper is the second in a two-part series in which we discuss several notions of completeness for systems of mathematical axioms, with special focus on their interrelations and historical origins in the development of the axiomatic method. We argue that, both from historical and logical points of view, higher-order logic is an appropriate framework for considering such notions, and we consider some open questions in higher-order axiomatics. In addition, we indicate how one can fruitfully extend the usual set-theoretic semantics (...) so as to shed new light on the relevant strengths and limits of higher-order logic. (shrink)
- Relating first-order set theories, toposes and categories of classes.Steve Awodey,Carsten Butz,Alex Simpson &Thomas Streicher -2014 -Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 165 (2):428-502.
- Being There with Thomas Kuhn: A Parable for Postmodern Times.Steve Fuller -1992 -History and Theory 31 (3):241-275.Although The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is one of the most influential books of this century, its author, Thomas Kuhn, is notorious for disavowing most of the consequences wrought by his text. Insofar as these consequences have appeared "radical" or "antipositivist," this article argues that they are very misleading, and that Kuhn's complaints are therefore well placed. Indeed, Kuhn unwittingly succeeded where Daniel Bell's The End of Ideology tried and failed, namely, to alleviate the anxieties of alienated academics and defensive (...) policy-makers by teaching them that they could all profit from solving their own paradigmatic puzzles. The influence of tructure is traced from the philosophy of science into the social sciences and science policy. Special attention is paid to the import of the General Education in Science curriculum at Harvard, in which Kuhn taught for most of the period prior to writing tructure. Harvard President James Conant had designed this curriculum in order to keep "pure science" in the good favor of the American public, in whose eyes it suffered after the use of the atomic bomb. While Conant was keen to stress the distinctiveness of science from other social practices, Kuhn's model seemed to provide a blueprint for reconstituting any practice as a science. This enabled potentially antiscientific academics to become scientists themselves, thereby neutralizing any radical challenges to the ends of scientific inquiry. The article concludes by reconstructing some of the inchoate possibilities for radical critique that Kuhn's success preempted, and by making some suggestions for how they may be recovered in the present academic environment. (shrink)
- Gödel and Carnap.Steve Awodey &A. W. Carus -2010 - In Kurt Gödel, Solomon Feferman, Charles Parsons & Stephen G. Simpson,Kurt Gödel: essays for his centennial. Ithaca, NY: Association for Symbolic Logic.
- Local Realizability Toposes and a Modal Logic for Computability.Steve Awodey,Lars Birkedal &Dana Scott -unknownThis work is a step toward the development of a logic for types and computation that includes not only the usual spaces of mathematics and constructions, but also spaces from logic and domain theory. Using realizability, we investigate a configuration of three toposes that we regard as describing a notion of relative computability. Attention is focussed on a certain local map of toposes, which we first study axiomatically, and then by deriving a modal calculus as its internal logic. The resulting (...) framework is intended as a setting for the logical and categorical study of relative computability. (shrink)
- Permanent Revolution In Science: A Quantum Epistemology.Steve Fuller -2021 -Philosophy of the Social Sciences 51 (1):48-57.This article is the preface to the Russian translation of my Kuhn vs Popper. I use it as an opportunity to re-examine the difference between Kuhn and Popper on the nature of ‘revolutions’ in science. Kuhn is rightly seen as a ‘reluctant revolutionary’ and Popper a ‘permanent revolutionary’. In this respect, Kuhn sticks to the original medieval meaning of ‘revolution’ as restoration of a natural order, whereas Popper adopts the more modern meaning of ‘revolution’ that comes into fashion after the (...) French Revolution, which suggests a radical renewal. A key to understanding this difference in revolutionary mentalities lies in Kuhn’s and Popper’s respective treatment of the ‘Gestalt switch’ phenomenon. Kuhn sees the ambiguous Gestalt figure from the standpoint of the subject, and Popper from that of the experimenter. Behind this difference lies alternative interpretations of the significance of quantum mechanics for scientific epistemology, a preoccupation that Kuhn and Popper shared with the original Gestalt psychologists and is beginning engage the interest of social scientists. (shrink)
- Science Studies Goes Public: A Report on an Ongoing Performance.Steve Fuller -2008 -Spontaneous Generations 2 (1):11.I believe that tenured historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science—when presented with the opportunity—have a professional obligation to get involved in public controversies over what should count as science. I stress ‘tenured’ because the involved academics need to be materially protected from the consequences of their involvement, given the amount of misrepresentation and abuse that is likely to follow, whatever position they take. Indeed, the institution of academic tenure justifies itself most clearly in such heat-seeking situations, where one may appear (...) to offer a reasoned defense for views that many consider indefensible. To be sure, the opportunities for involvement will vary in kind and number, but I believe that we are obliged to embrace them. In the specific case of ‘demarcation’ questions of what counts as science, the people who possess the sort of general and comparative knowledge most relevant for adducing this matter are historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science—not professional scientists unschooled in these areas.. (shrink)
- Is the path from aphorism to tweet the royal road to knowledge?Steve Fuller -forthcoming -Educational Philosophy and Theory:1-8.
- Derrida & the decentered universe of chan/zen buddhism.Steve Odin -1990 -Journal of Chinese Philosophy 17 (1):61-86.
- Religion, Intolerance, and Conflict: A Scientific and Conceptual Investigation.Steve Clark Russell Powell &Julian Savulescu (eds.) -2013 - Oxford University Press.Export citation
Bookmark - Epistemology radically naturalized-recovering the normative, the experimental, and the social.Steve Fuller -1992 -Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science 15:427-459.
- A quantum leap for social theory.Steve Fuller -2018 -Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 48 (2):177-182.No categories
- Distinguishing Mitigation and Adaptation.Steve Vanderheiden -2009 -Ethics, Place and Environment 12 (3):283-286.Baer et al. seek to develop a single index for distributing the burdens associated with climate change mitigation and adaptation, and to do so in a...
- Maternal–fetal conflicts: Cesarean delivery on maternal request.Ruth Landau &Steve Yentis -2010 - In Gail A. Van Norman, Stephen Jackson, Stanley H. Rosenbaum & Susan K. Palmer,Clinical Ethics in Anesthesiology: A Case-Based Textbook. Cambridge University Press. pp. 49.
- Machinations: Computational Studies of Logic, Language, and Cognition.Richard Spencer-Smith,Steve Torrance &Stephen B. Torrance -1992 - Intellect Books.This volume brings together a collection of papers covering a wide range of topics in computer and cognitive science. Topics included are: the foundational relevance of logic to computer science, with particular reference to tense logic, constructive logic, and Horn clause logic; logic as the theoretical underpinnings of the engineering discipline of expert systems; a discussion of the evolution of computational linguistics into functionally distinct task levels; and current issues in the implementation of speech act theory.
- Capitalist Monsters.Steve Shaviro -2002 -Historical Materialism 10 (4):281-290.No categories
- Physician Aid-in-Dying: Toward A “Harm Reduction” Approach.Steve Heilig &Stephen Jamison -1996 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 5 (1):113.As a bioethical and social issue, euthanasia has become in the 1990s what abor- tion was in the 1960s. Around the world, a de facto taboo on open discussion of the practice is seemingly falling by the wayside, as recognition increases that “active” euthanasia is taking place in spite of social and legal prohibitions. Euthanasia, or more specifically physician-assisted suicide, has become the most visible bioethical issue of the present era; and in the United States the debate has taken on (...) a prominence and urgency unprecedented in our nation's history. (shrink)
- If Science Is a Public Good, Why Do Scientists Own It?Steve Fuller -2020 -Epistemology and Philosophy of Science 57 (4):23-39.I argue that if science is to be a public good, it must be made one. Neither science nor any other form of knowledge is naturally a public good. And given the history of science policy in the twentieth century, it would be reasonable to conclude that science is in fact what economists call a ‘club good’. I discuss this matter in detail in two contexts: (1) current UK efforts to create a version of the US DARPA that would focus (...) on projects of larger, long-term societal interests – i.e. beyond the interests of the academic specialities represented in, say, the US NSF; (2) what I call the ‘organized hypocrisy’ involved in presenting science as a public good through the so-called ‘peer review’ process. (shrink)No categories
- A Modern Public Health Crisis: A Physician Speaks about Healthcare in Post-Glasnost Russia.Steve Heilig -1999 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 8 (2):257-258.I work at a large urban medical center. Our hospital has over 1,200 beds and was built in 1805 to take care of the poor. Our patients are still poor, but now so are the hospital and the doctors. Russian doctors are paid about one-third of what truck drivers are paid. The government historically allocates no more than 3% of the budget to medicine because this is not a means of production, like manufacturing.
- A parity-based Frege proof for the symmetric pigeonhole principle.Steve Firebaugh -1993 -Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 34 (4):597-601.Sam Buss produced the first polynomial size Frege proof of thepigeonhole principle. We introduce a variation of that problem and producea simpler proof based on parity. The proof appearing here has an upperbound that is quadratic in the size of the input formula.
- CQ Interview with Sherwin Nuland on How We Die.Steve Heilig -1994 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 3 (4):624.
- Commentary: Koch on Kevorkian: Who Knows Best?Steve Heilig -1998 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 7 (4):441-442.Tom Koch's review of Jack Kevorkian's is a valuable look at this one (in)famous crusader's practices. The immediate question raised, and to which Koch provides his own perspectives, is what practical conclusions might be drawn from the final experiences and actions of this cohort of suffering individuals. My briefest and perhaps flippant answer is —including, unfortunately, those derived or hinted at by Koch himself.
- Existential and Ontological Dimensions of Time in Heidegger and Dögen by Steven Heine.Steve Odin -1987 -Journal of Chinese Philosophy 14 (2):249-257.
- Health Care Without Harm: Cleaning Up Healthcare's Act.Steve Heilig -1999 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 8 (4):561-563.is a new campaign devoted to reducing the environmental harmsgenerated by the healthcare industry. One of the leading local proponents of this effort is Michael Lerner, founder of Commonweal, a Bolinas, Californiagenius grant”).
- Honest Mistakes: From the physician father of a Young Patient.Steve Heilig -1994 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 3 (4):636.
- Hospice with a Zen Twist: A Talk with Zen Hospice Founder Frank Ostaseski.Steve Heilig -2003 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 12 (3):322-325.Although housed in an anonymous Victorian house in San Francisco, California, the Zen Hospice Project is world renowned for its pioneering model of training hospice volunteers, providing direct services to patients, and offering educational programs to the broader public.
- Physician-Hastened Death and End-of-Life Care: Development of a Community-Wide Consensus Statement and Guidelines.Steve Heilig &Robert V. Brody -1998 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 7 (2):223-225.In mid-1996, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear arguments and rule on two lower court cases that would, if upheld, legalize physician-assisted suicide in twelve states, including California. At about the same time, at a national meeting dealing with this controversial topic, several participants from the San Francisco Bay Area got together to ask, Based on the old principle of the suggestion was made that the local ethics committee network might be interested in developing guidelines for the care (...) of patients at the end of life in the unlikely event that laws would change by Supreme Court action. Thus the coordinator of the Bay Area Network of Ethics Committees (BANEC) and several BANEC members began to discuss this question. (shrink)
- Ram Dass on Being a Patient.Steve Heilig -2000 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 9 (3):435-438.Ram Dass is one of America's most renowned spiritual teachers. Born Richard Alpert, he received his Ph.D. in psychology from Stanford University and taught there and at Harvard University before going to India and receiving the name Ram Dass () from his guru. He has long been involved in many charitable service organizations, particularly those devoted to providing healthcare for underserved populations. Among his many books are BeHereNow, HowCanIHelp, and CompassioninAction; his newest book is StillHere:EmbracingAging,Changing,andDying.
- Reflections on a Hospice Memorial Service.Steve Heilig -2002 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 11 (4):432-434.It's a chilly winter night outside, but very warm inside the hospice guest house. All of the people gathered here have wished one another “Happy New Year” and settled on cushions in the big meeting hall. Both fireplaces are lit, and the many little white cards with the names of each person who died last year are arranged on the mantels over the fireplaces and on a table in the center of the room. Paul, our teacher for the evening, says (...) a few simple and wise words about impermanence and about being of service and then explains tonight's process: we, the volunteers in attendance, will pick up the cards, either by choosing a specific patient's name or at random, and take them one by one to the fires, dropping them in and saying something about each deceased person. The idea is to hear a litany of names being remembered and honored and sent onward as volunteers flow steadily to and from the fireplaces. (shrink)
- Single Effect: From the Step-Grandson of a Deceased Patient.Steve Heilig -1995 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4 (3):406.
- Sick: The Untold Story of America's Health Care Crisis and the People Who Pay the Price, by Jonathan Cohn.Steve Heilig -2007 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 16 (4):491.
- The Need for More Physicians Trained in Abortion: Raising Future Physicians' Awareness.Steve Heilig &Therese S. Wilson -1999 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 8 (4):485-488.A woman presents to her physician with a newly diagnosed condition that in her considered and informed judgment requires an elective surgical procedure. The physician, after speaking with her, agrees that this is an acceptable option. The procedure in question is in fact one of the commonest surgeries performed on American women. The physician is also aware that although the procedure is deemed elective in this and in most cases, research has shown that the consequences of not providing the procedure (...) when it is requested can be severe in terms of both physical and emotional sequelaewhich itself can add to the complexity and risk of the procedure. Presented with this option, the patient expresses dismay but also her resigned commitment to follow through with this referral, and leaves the office in tears. (shrink)
- Two Ways of Grounding Meaning.Steve Gerrard -1991 -Philosophical Investigations 14 (2):95-114.
- Influences of attitude toward science, achievement motivation, and science self concept on achievement in science: A longitudinal study.J.Steve Oliver &Ronald D. Simpson -1988 -Science Education 72 (2):143-155.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- ‘Never let a good crisis go to waste’: moral entrepreneurship, or the fine art of recycling evil into good.Steve Fuller -2013 -Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 22 (1):118-129.Moral entrepreneurship is the fine art of recycling evil into good by taking advantage of situations given or constructed as crises. It should be seen as the ultimate generalisation of the entrepreneurial spirit, whose peculiar excesses have always sat uneasily with homo oeconomicus as the constrained utility maximiser, an image that itself has come to be universalised. A task of this essay is to reconcile the two images in terms of what by the end I call ‘superutilitarianism’, which draws on (...) the lore of both superheroes and utilitarianism. After briefly surveying the careers of three exemplars of the moral entrepreneur (Robert McNamara, George Soros and Jeffrey Sachs), I explore the motives of moral entrepreneurs in terms of their standing debt to society for having already caused unnecessary harm but which also now equips him with the skill set needed to do significant good. Such a mindset involves imagining oneself a vehicle of divine will, which would be a scary proposition had it not been long presumed by Christians touched by Calvin. In conclusion, I argue that moral entrepreneurship looks most palatable – and perhaps even attractive – if the world is ‘reversible’, in the sense that every crisis, however clumsily handled by the moral entrepreneur, causes people to distinguish more clearly the necessary from contingent features of their existence. This leads them to reconceptualise past damages as new opportunities to assert what really matters; hence, a ‘superutilitarian’ ethic that treats all suffering as less cost than investment in a greater sense of the good. (shrink)
- Science as Gift, or Knowledge as the Offer That Cannot be Refused: Introducing Russian Science and Technology Studies.Steve Fuller -2019 -Philosophy of the Social Sciences 49 (6):443-452.This article introduces a set of articles written by Russian social epistemologists and science and technology studies scholars based on research conducted in the first major Russian Academy funded project on science and technology studies. Most of the articles take off from Peter Galison’s concept of scientific ‘trading zones’. However, the author develops a theme found in Ilya Kasavin’s article on ‘science as gift’, which is designed to transcend both ‘capitalistic’ and ‘communistic’ conceptions of science. However, the resulting political economy (...) of science as gift – albeit quite recognizable – resembles the practice of extortion in mutual protection rackets; hence, the ‘offer too good to refuse’.. (shrink)
- Humanity : the always already, or never to be, object of the social sciences?Steve Fuller -2009 - In Jeroen Van Bouwel,The Social Sciences and Democracy. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
- Mental time travel, agency and responsibility.Jeanette Kennett &Steve Matthews -2009 - In Matthew Broome & Lisa Bortolotti,Psychiatry as Cognitive Neuroscience: Philosophical Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.Export citation Bookmark
- Rorty Reframed.Steve Fuller -2023 -Common Knowledge 29 (1):86-101.Richard Rorty is easily cast as the intellectual godfather of our post-truth condition. But unlike Nicholas Gaskill, whose article in Common Knowledge 28, no. 3, has engendered a continuing symposium in the journal, Professor Fuller sees Rorty's role as being to his credit rather than detriment. Rorty extended W. B. Gallie's idea of “essentially contested concepts” from the moral and political spheres to the epistemic, thereby rendering such terms as truth, reason, and evidence inherently vague, which means that they are (...) defined not a priori but only in the context of exemplary concrete cases. Doing so invariably results in a “redescription” of what is observed that explains the “meta” level of understanding that philosophy brings to whatever it discusses. In this sense, all that the post-truth condition does is turn everyone into a philosopher. (shrink)
- Karmic darwinism: The emerging alliance between science and religion.Steve Fuller -2002 -Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 64 (4):697 - 722.I argue that the 21st century will be marked by a realignment of science and religion, which I call the “anthropic” versus the “karmic” perspectives. The former is aligned with the major Western religions and was secularized in the 19th century as positivism, with its identification of social science with the religion of humanity. The latter is aligned with the major Eastern religions, but also Epicureanism in the West. It was secularized as the Neo-Darwinian synthesis in the 20th century, since (...) when it has made major inroads in wider precincts of normative thought. In this context, I focus specifically on the work of E.O. Wilson, Richard Dawkins, and Peter Singer — all of whom, in somewhat different ways, argue on naturalistic grounds for the removal of humanity's normative privilege. Moreover, the karmic sensibility enjoys somewhat surprising support from postmodern quarters, where anti-humanism tends to be strong. These emerging trends, even when articulated by scientists, have also been associated with a decline in scientific meliorism. Against all this, I argue for a reassertion of the anthropic perspective, mainly by suggesting how monotheists and positivists may join to reinstate the collective project of humanity. A crucial part of the strategy is to regard participation in science as a civic obligation, if not (à la Comte) a religious service. (shrink)
- Patch Adams.Tom Shadyac,Steve Oedekerk,Robin Williams,Daniel London &Peter Coyote -1998 - Universal Pictures.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- History of science for its own sake?Steve Fuller -2010 -History of the Human Sciences 23 (4):95-99.
- A Fuller Vision of Thomas Kuhn: Response to Roth and Mirowski.Steve Fuller -2001 -History of the Human Sciences 14 (2):111-117.
- Divining the Future of Social Theory: From Theology to Rhetoric Via Social Epistemology.Steve Fuller -1998 -European Journal of Social Theory 1 (1):107-126.The fertility of contemporary social theory is matched only by its problematic relationship to its past. The future of social theory therefore lies with a renegotiation of that relationship. I begin by unearthing the theological origins of theorizing and its secularization as epistemology in the 19th century. I then provide an account of the recent renaissance in social theory - epitomized by the various `structure-agency' debates - that reveals its intellectual kinship to scholastic theology. I diagnose this scholasticism in terms (...) of sociology's current social exigencies and conclude that the historiography of sociology implicit in scholasticism needs to be overturned so that social theorists may come to recover the concrete social contexts that historically have called forth the need to theorize. (shrink)No categories
- Entertainment as Key to Public Intellectual Agency: Response to Welsh.Steve Fuller -2013 -Philosophy and Rhetoric 46 (1):105-113.Scott Welsh is likely to elicit a sigh of relief from the many academics who struggle with what, if any, public intellectual persona they should adopt. Welsh (2012) argues against a broad swathe of mostly left-leaning rhetorical scholars that the academic’s democratic duty is adequately discharged by providing suitably ambivalent rhetorical resources for others to use in their political struggles. For Welsh, following Slavoj Žižek (2008), the scholar’s first obligation is to “enjoy your symptom”—that is, to demonstrate in one’s discursive (...) practice the problematic nature of trying to claim epistemic privilege in a society ostensibly of equals. The main conceptual difference between Welsh’s and my own conception of .. (shrink)
- Galileo’s Truth.Steve Fuller -2024 -Epistemology and Philosophy of Science 61 (4):73-96.This article considers the research ethics appropriate to Paul Feyerabend’s notorious ‘methodological anarchist’ approach to the history and philosophy of science, concluding that it might be especially appropriate for our ‘post-truth’ times. The article begins by noting that Feyerabend favorite historical figure, Galileo, appears Janus-faced in his corpus. The article focuses on the positive image of someone who broke institutionalized rules of inquiry in pursuit of a ‘higher truth’ that was fully realized by Newton and his successors. The logic of (...) Galileo’s early seventeenth century situation was that decisions about permissible forms of inquiry and inference were based on mixed political and epistemic criteria – and that this was known, and sometimes admitted, by all parties. Galileo played with this ambiguity to some but by no means complete success, largely because he could not properly ground his ‘higher truth’. The article proceeds to show that Galileo’s situation was not unique but commonplace in the history of science, a point that has become clearer since the rise of archival historical research in the nineteenth century. Moreover, the institutional incentives to commit, cover up and detect what we now call ‘research fraud’ have been very uneven. Most such fraud has probably passed undetected sufficiently long to be incorporated in the body of accepted scientific knowledge. In recent years, however, increased attention has been given to research fraud due to the increased existential and financial stakes involved, which in turn have contributed to science’s larger legitimacy crisis in the post-truth era. The article ends on a Feyerabendian note, suggesting that research findings should include sunset clauses and statues of limitations. (shrink)No categories
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
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Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
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Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
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Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
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