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Results for 'Stefaan Bartholomeeusen'

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  1.  28
    The use of human tissue in epidemiological research; ethical and legal considerations in two biobanks in Belgium.Carla Truyers,Eliane Kellen,Marc Arbyn,Leen Trommelmans,Herman Nys,Karen Hensen,Bert Aertgeerts,StefaanBartholomeeusen,Mats Hansson &Frank Buntinx -2010 -Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 13 (2):169-175.
    This paper discusses the legal implications of setting up two new biobanks in Belgium. The first is hospital-based and will archive tissue from patients with haematologic cancer, whereas the second is linked to a general practice based morbidity registry and will involve storage of blood samples. To date, Belgium has no specific legislation that regulates storage of human tissue and related databases. Several issues concerning the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal medical data are discussed from (...) the existing privacy legislation. We will address the principle of consent (broad versus specific) and the type of data recorded (anonymous, encoded and identifiable) for both biobanks. (shrink)
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  2.  34
    Reasonable Irrationality: the Role of Reasons in the Diffusion of Pseudoscience.Stefaan Blancke,Maarten Boudry &Johan Braeckman -2019 -Journal of Cognition and Culture 19 (5):432-449.
    Pseudoscience spreads through communicative and inferential processes that make people vulnerable to weird beliefs. However, the fact that pseudoscientific beliefs are unsubstantiated and have no basis in reality does not mean that the people who hold them have no reasons for doing so. We propose that, reasons play a central role in the diffusion of pseudoscience. On the basis of cultural epidemiology and the interactionist theory of reasoning, we will here analyse the structure and the function of reasons in the (...) propagation of pseudoscience. We conclude by discussing the implications of our approach for the understanding of human irrationality. (shrink)
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  3.  84
    Pseudoscience as a Negative Outcome of Scientific Dialogue: A Pragmatic-Naturalistic Approach to the Demarcation Problem.Stefaan Blancke &Maarten Boudry -2022 -International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 34 (3):183-198.
    The demarcation between science and pseudoscience is a long-standing problem in philosophy of science. Although philosophers have been hesitant to engage in this project since Larry Laudan announce...
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  4.  5
    R. S. Peters.Stefaan E. Cuypers -2013 - New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
    R.S. Peters is indisputably a major thinker in the philosophy of education and educational theory.Stefaan E. Cuypers and Christopher Martin's volume offers a coherent account of Peters' educational thought. This work is divided into three distinctive parts: 1. Intellectual Biography of R.S. Peters 2. Critical Exposition of R.S. Peters' Educational Thought 3. Reception and Relevance of R.S. Peters' Work.
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  5.  256
    Why Do Irrational Beliefs Mimic Science? The Cultural Evolution of Pseudoscience.Stefaan Blancke,Maarten Boudry &Massimo Pigliucci -2016 -Theoria 82 (4):78-97.
    Why do irrational beliefs adopt the trappings of science, to become what is known as “pseudoscience”? Here, we develop and extend an epidemiological framework to map the factors that explain the form and the popularity of irrational beliefs in scientific garb. These factors include the exploitation of epistemic vigilance, the misunderstanding of the authority of science, the use of the honorific title of “science” as an explicit argument for belief, and the phenomenon of epistemic negligence. We conclude by integrating the (...) various factors in an epidemiological framework and thus provide a comprehensive cultural evolutionary account of science mimicry. (shrink)
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  6.  41
    Islamic modernity and the challenges for secular liberalism.Stefaan Blancke -2018 -Zygon 53 (1):274-287.
    In his recent book Islam Evolving: Radicalism, Reformation, and the Uneasy Relationship with the Secular West, Taner Edis discusses Islamic responses to the modern world and how the West deals and should deal with them. He argues convincingly that the biggest threat to secular liberalism is not fundamentalism but an Islamic form of modernity. He attributes some of the latter's success to Western neoliberalism and to the failure of secular liberals to come up with persuasive arguments. He thus puts part (...) of the blame on the West. However, although self-criticism is an essential aspect of a well-functioning democracy, we should not take it too far. Instead, there exist convincing reasons why a secular liberal society is strongly preferable to a religious conservative one. (shrink)
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  7.  21
    Davidson en Wittgenstein over het menselijk handelen.Stefaan E. Cuypers -1992 -Bijdragen 53 (3):291-311.
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  8.  70
    Philosophical Atomism and the Metaphysics of Personal Identity.Stefaan E. Cuypers -1998 -International Philosophical Quarterly 38 (4):349-368.
    There is something deeply wrong with the debate on personal identity in contemporary analytical philosophy. This paper offers an overall view in terms of which this debate can be diagnosed and offered a therapy. In the diagnostic sections, the bundle and ego-theory are described as forms of the selfsame philosophical atomism, and the untenability of one strand in this still highly influential habit of thought is demonstrated. In the therapeutic section, the author exposes in what way Peter Strawson's descriptive metaphysics (...) of the person contains the essential preliminaries for an alternative solution. In the concluding section, it is indicated how such a Strawsonian nonatomistic view can be developed further into an Aristotelian-Thomistic validatory metaphysics of personal identity. (shrink)
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  9.  60
    The philosophy of psychopathology.Stefaan E. Cuypers -1999 -Philosophical Explorations 2 (3):154 – 158.
  10.  19
    Belgian politics in 1997.Stefaan Fiers &Mark Deweerdt -1998 -Res Publica 40 (3-4):377-396.
    The so-called 'Dutroux-case'- the revelation of the kidnapping and the murder of four underaged girls and the apparent malfunctions of the judiciary and the police forces, was the most important issue on the 1997 political agenda. Unanimously, the Chamber of Representatives agreed upon the recommendations of a parliamentary inquiry into the bungled police investigation. Yet the unanimity disappeared quickly when the recommendations on the reorganisation of the police forces had to be implemented.New revelations of the Dassault-case, and the involvement of (...) both socialist parties, put the government underpressure. The events themselves, and the discontent they caused in some majority parties, urged the government to revise the governmental programme. Guy Spitaels, chairman of the Walloon parliament resigned. Guy Coëme, former minister of Defence, alleged ofpassive corruption in the Dassault-case, was referred to the Supreme Court of Appeal by decision of the Chamber of Representatives. (shrink)
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  11.  13
    Compte rendu: Revue des études sud-est européennes. Journal of South-East European Studies, 42, 1-4 (2005).Stefaan Neirynck -2007 -Byzantion 77:687-689.
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  12.  13
    Kind en politiek : Een veldonderzoek naar de politieke kennis en houdingen bij kinderen van twaalf tot veertien jaar.Stefaan Sterck -1983 -Res Publica 25 (1):3-19.
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  13.  35
    Nothing about collective irrationalities makes sense except in the light of cooperation.Stefaan Blancke -2023 -Philosophical Psychology 36 (5):990-1010.
    To secure cooperative opportunities people align their beliefs with the normative expectations of their social environment. These expectations are continuously managed by interactive reasoning, a process that results in dynamical pools of reasons. When people are more concerned about their social standing and reputation than truth, pools of reasons give rise to collective irrationalities. They determine what people should believe if they want to be known as a reliable group member. This account has implications for our understanding of human irrationality (...) and how to deal with it. (shrink)
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  14.  181
    Evolved to be irrational?: evolutionary and cognitive foundations of pseudosciences.Stefaan Blancke &Johan De Smedt -2013 - In Massimo Pigliucci & Maarten Boudry,Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem. University of Chicago Press.
  15. What makes weird beliefs thrive? The epidemiology of pseudoscience.Maarten Boudry,Stefaan Blancke &Massimo Pigliucci -2015 -Philosophical Psychology 28 (8):1177-1198.
    What makes beliefs thrive? In this paper, we model the dissemination of bona fide science versus pseudoscience, making use of Dan Sperber's epidemiological model of representations. Drawing on cognitive research on the roots of irrational beliefs and the institutional arrangement of science, we explain the dissemination of beliefs in terms of their salience to human cognition and their ability to adapt to specific cultural ecologies. By contrasting the cultural development of science and pseudoscience along a number of dimensions, we gain (...) a better understanding of their underlying epistemic differences. Pseudoscience can achieve widespread acceptance by tapping into evolved cognitive mechanisms, thus sacrificing intellectual integrity for intuitive appeal. Science, by contrast, defies those deeply held intuitions precisely because it is institutionally arranged to track objective patterns in the world, and the world does not care much about our intuitions. In light of these differences, we discuss the degree of openness or resilience to conceptual change (evidence and reason), and the divergent ways in which science and pseudoscience can achieve cultural “success”. (shrink)
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  16.  13
    Guest Editorial: Harry Frankfurt.Stefaan E. Cuypers -1998 -Ethical Perspectives 5 (1):1-2.
    Harry Frankfurt is one of the leading contemporary analytical philosophers. His research interests are mainly free will and moral responsibility, as well as moral psychology and ethics in general. He is the author of Demons, Dreamers, and Madmen: The Defense of Reason in Descartes’s Meditations — published in 1970 with a French translation in 1989 — and numerous scholarly articles on Descartes’s philosophy. He is the editor of Leibniz: A Collection of Critical Essays which appeared in 1972 . His most (...) important book until now is The Importance of What We Care About published in 1988 and a new work, provisionally entitled Necessity, Volition, and Love is forthcoming later in 1998. (shrink)
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  17.  36
    Robust activity, event-causation, and agent-causation.Stefaan E. Cuypers -1998 - In J. A. M. Bransen & S. E. Cuypers,Human Action, Deliberation and Causation. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 271--294.
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  18.  16
    Belgian politics in 1999.Stefaan Fiers &Mark Deweerdt -2000 -Res Publica 42 (2-3):247-263.
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  19.  9
    (1 other version)Belgian politics in 1998.Stefaan Fiers &Mark Deweerdt -1999 -Res Publica 41 (2-3):264-284.
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  20.  25
    Carrièrepatronen van Belgische parlementsleden in een multi-level omgeving.Stefaan Fiers -2001 -Res Publica 43 (1):171-192.
    This article deals with the consequences of an increased number of levels of political decision-making, on the way in which political careers are built. In the traditional bottomup perspective, political careers started at the municipal level. The best were chosen to represent the party in regional assemblies, first, and eventually in the national parliament. In this perspective, a mandate of Member of European Parliament was the highest obtainable office. Evidence from the 1979-99 period shows that the importance of 'local political (...) experience' in recruiting MPs is decreasing. However still, the Belgian figure remains high in comparative perspective : in 1999 no less than 70 % ofthe members of the federal House of Representatives and of the regional Flemish Parliament have previously been local councillor. Moreover, still 60 % combines a mandate as local councillor with their parliamentary mandate. Only a limited number ofpreviously regional Flemish MPs became federal MPs in 1999, so that one could not speak of frequent level-hopping, nor of a hierarchy among these offices. (shrink)
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  21.  19
    Compte rendu: Revue des études sud-est européennes. Journal of South-East European Studies, 42, 1-4 (2004).Stefaan Neirynck -2007 -Byzantion 77:684-687.
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  22.  18
    The ethical imperative to identify and address data and intelligence asymmetries.Stefaan G. Verhulst -forthcoming -AI and Society:1-4.
  23.  10
    Historical myths as commitment devices.Stefaan Blancke -2024 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e175.
    Sijilmassi et al. claim that historical myths are technologies of recruitment that mimic cues of fitness interdependence. Paradoxically, they also claim that people are vigilant and that these myths might not and do not have to convince others, which raises questions about how these myths become culturally successful. Thinking about historical myths as commitment devices helps overcome this paradox.
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  24.  210
    Critical Thinking, Autonomy and Practical Reason.Stefaan E. Cuypers -2004 -Journal of Philosophy of Education 38 (1):75-90.
    This article points out an internal tension, or even conflict, in the conceptual foundations of Harvey Siegel’s conception of critical thinking. Siegel justifies critical thinking, or critically rational autonomy, as an educational ideal first and foremost by an appeal to the Kantian principle of respect for persons. It is made explicit that this fundamental moral principle is ultimately grounded in the Kantian conception of autonomous practical reason as normatively and motivationally robust. Yet this Kantian conception openly conflicts with Siegel’s own (...) two-component theory of critical thinking, which on close inspection turns out to be a version of the Humean conception of instrumental practical reason as normatively and motivationally powerless. It is concluded that Siegel cannot have it both ways: he cannot appeal both to means-end and to robust rationality. Siegel’s Kantian justification of the critical thinking educational ideal is, therefore, found wanting in terms of his own Humean premises. (shrink)
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  25.  32
    Science as a moral system.Stefaan Blancke -2022 -Synthese 200 (6):1-18.
    Science is a collaborative effort to produce knowledge. Scientists thus must assess what information is trustworthy and who is a competent and honest source and partner. Facing the problem of trust, we can expect scientists to be vigilant. In response to their peers’ vigilance scientists will provide reasons, not only to convince their colleagues to adopt their practices or beliefs, but also to demonstrate that their beliefs and practices are justified. By justifying their beliefs and practices, scientists also justify themselves. (...) Reasons in science thus do not only function as tools of persuasion but also to manage reputation. This analysis strongly suggests that science constitutes a moral system, which has implications for the study and philosophy of science. (shrink)
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  26.  29
    What Wittgenstein would have said about personal autonomy.Stefaan E. Cuypers -1995 -Studies in Philosophy and Education 14 (2-3):251-265.
  27.  14
    Alfred Mele's Voluntaristic Conception of Autonomy.Stefaan E. Cuypers -2000 - In A. Van den Beld,Moral Responsibility and Ontology. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 259--270.
  28. L'impossible naturalisme de la psychosémantique de Fodor.Stefaan E. Cuypers -1994 -Dialectica 48 (3):231.
     
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  29.  29
    Searle, Dennett and Davidson on Original Intentionality.Stefaan E. Cuypers -1993 - In Werner Stelzner,Philosophie Und Logik: Frege-Kolloquien 1989 Und 1991. De Gruyter. pp. 215-225.
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  30.  11
    Bij de start van de nieuwe redactie.Stefaan Walgrave -2001 -Res Publica 43 (1):3-4.
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  31.  20
    Does News Content Matter?Stefaan Walgrave &Kurt de Swert -2002 -Ethical Perspectives 9 (4):249-274.
  32.  11
    Het mattheuseffect in de verkiezingscampagne.Stefaan Walgrave &Christophe Lesschaeve -2018 -Res Publica 60 (2):123-124.
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  33. (1 other version)Maatschappelijk draagvlak'als alibi: macht en tegenmacht inzake milieubeleid op het middenveld.Stefaan Walgrave -1997 -Res Publica (Misc) 3:331-356.
     
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  34.  13
    Relatie politicologie-politiek is veranderd, maar niet verslechterd.Stefaan Walgrave -2018 -Res Publica 60 (4):391-393.
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  35.  62
    Bringing Darwin into the social sciences and the humanities: cultural evolution and its philosophical implications.Stefaan Blancke &Gilles Denis -2018 -History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 40 (2):29.
    In the field of cultural evolution it is generally assumed that the study of culture and cultural change would benefit enormously from being informed by evolutionary thinking. Recently, however, there has been much debate about what this “being informed” means. According to the standard view, an interesting analogy obtains between cultural and biological evolution. In the literature, however, the analogy is interpreted and used in at least three distinct, but interrelated ways. We provide a taxonomy in order to clarify these (...) different meanings. Subsequently, we discuss the alternatives model of cultural attraction theory and memetics, which both challenge basic assumptions of the standard view. Finally, we briefly summarize the contributions to the special issue on Darwin in the Humanities and the Social Sciences, which is the result of a collaborative project between scholars and scientists from the universities of Lille and Ghent. Furthermore, we explain how they add to the discussions about the integration of evolutionary thinking and the study of culture. (shrink)
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  36.  22
    Barking up the wrong Darwin: Creationist appropriation of evolutionary theory.Stefaan Blancke -unknown
    Creationists argue that 'Darwinism' hardly deserves the label of science. By employing a whole range of tactics, they downplay its scientific merit. Firstly, they set up definitions of science and claim that evolutionary theory cannot live up to them. Science, they claim, is based on observation and experimentation. As no scientist ever witnessed one species evolving into another, evolutionary theory remains 'just a theory'. Secondly, they convert evolutionary theory into a concept no evolutionary biologist would ever defend. For instance, they (...) claim that Darwinian evolution is a process of pure chance, requiring matter to form complex features at random. Therefore, evolutionary theory fails dramatically as an adequate explanation for biological 'design'. Thirdly, they demand evidence evolutionary theory cannot deliver in principle. Paleontologists do not expect to find exact 'missing links' as there is none to be found. Evolution is not the ascension of a great chain of being. It is an extraordinary response of a religion that longs to be science. Turning Darwinian theory into a straw man serves at least two functions. Firstly, it allows creation 'scientists' to discard the evidence as insufficient. Secondly, it fits in nicely with the creationist strife for balanced treatment. (shrink)
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  37.  2
    Objectify and Commit: How Reasons Bring About Cultural Change and Progress.Stefaan Blancke -forthcoming -Topoi:1-12.
    Humans are uniquely reasoning animals as they are the only species who produce and evaluate reasons. Reasons bring about cultural change and even progress in the sense that they lead to increasingly better solutions to our epistemic, moral, and societal problems. It remains unclear, however, how the micro-level process of reasoning causes these macro-scale effects. By tying together several theoretical strands, including the interactionist theory of reasoning, cultural epidemiology, epistemic vigilance, partner choice theory, and theories about commitment, this paper aims (...) to shed light on the causal process involved. More specifically, three points will be argued for: first, argumentation is not just a social but also a cultural phenomenon; second, objectifying reasons stand a bigger chance of becoming cultural arguments than others, and third, these objectified reasons create new commitments that bring about cultural change and, in some conditions, progress. The examples of morality and science will illustrate this process. (shrink)
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  38.  128
    Simulation of biological evolution under attack, but not really: a response to Meester.Stefaan Blancke,Maarten Boudry &Johan Braeckman -2011 -Biology and Philosophy 26 (1):113-118.
    The leading Intelligent Design theorist William Dembski (Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham MD, 2002) argued that the first No Free Lunch theorem, first formulated by Wolpert and Macready (IEEE Trans Evol Comput 1: 67–82, 1997), renders Darwinian evolution impossible. In response, Dembski’s critics pointed out that the theorem is irrelevant to biological evolution. Meester (Biol Phil 24: 461–472, 2009) agrees with this conclusion, but still thinks that the theorem does apply to simulations of evolutionary processes. According to Meester, the theorem shows (...) that simulations of Darwinian evolution, as these are typically set in advance by the programmer, are teleological and therefore non-Darwinian. Therefore, Meester argues, they are useless in showing how complex adaptations arise in the universe. Meester uses the term teleological inconsistently, however, and we argue that, no matter how we interpret the term, a Darwinian algorithm does not become non-Darwinian by simulation. We show that the NFL theorem is entirely irrelevant to this argument, and conclude that it does not pose a threat to the relevance of simulations of biological evolution. (shrink)
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  39.  30
    Belgian politics in 2000.Stefaan Fiers &Mark Deweerdt -2001 -Res Publica 43 (2-3):317-341.
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  40.  17
    Partijgebeuren en rolverwachtingen t.a.v. de verkiezing of selectie van de partijvoorzitter in de Parti Socialiste.Stefaan Fiers -1996 -Res Publica 38 (1):181-208.
    This article deals with the process through which party leaders in the Parti Socialiste were selected in the eighties and the nineties. Despite theparty congress's entitlement to elect leaders, the critical factor in winning the leadership has been endorsement by predecessors. G. Spitaels and Ph. Busquin are cases in point.The congress merely serves as a ritual, as a consequence of which the outcome of the vote is highly predictable, influenced as it is by party events and role-expectations. Socialist party leaders (...) have a wide arsenal at their disposal to rule the party in a rather autoritarian way; a classic example being the plebisciteBusquin provoked in 1994 to expand bis power. How, by whom and to what extent they obtain and enforce this autoritarian power are key questions in this study. (shrink)
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  41.  39
    From Ends to Causes (and Back Again) by Metaphor: The Paradox of Natural Selection.Stefaan Blancke,Tammy Schellens,Ronald Soetaert,Hilde Van Keer &Johan Braeckman -2014 -Science & Education 23 (4):793-808.
  42.  29
    Autonomie en identificatie de analytische antropologie Van Harry Frankfurt.Stefaan E. Cuypers -1991 -Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 53 (4):700 - 709.
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  43.  14
    Autonomia hierarchiczna, samoidentyfikacja i samoocena.Stefaan Cuypers -2010 -Etyka 43:92-110.
    W niniejszym artykule chcę się krytycznie ustosunkować do tzw. hierarchicznego modelu autonomii osoby ludzkiej, wprowadzając kilka poprawek do zasadniczych idei owego modelu: idei samoidentyfikacji osoby i jej samooceny. Rezultatem moich zabiegów będzie zastąpienie koncepcji skrajnej autonomii osobowej przez ideę troski o samego siebie, mówiąc inaczej, zastąpienie wizji osoby skrajnie autonomicznej przez wizję umiarkowanie heteronomiczną.
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  44. Het probleem van vrijheid en determinisme.Stefaan Cuypers -2005 -Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 4.
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  45. Stoffige Geesten — Essay over het materialisme in de analytische psychologie.Stefaan E. Cuypers -1998 -Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 60 (3):620-621.
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  46.  48
    The existential concern of the humanities R.S. Peters’ justification of liberal education.Stefaan E. Cuypers -2018 -Educational Philosophy and Theory 50 (6):702-711.
    Richard Stanley Peters was one of the founding fathers of analytic philosophy of education in the twentieth century. After reviewing Peters’ disentanglement of the ambiguities of liberal education, I reconstruct his view on the status and the existential foundations of the humanities. What emerges from my reconstruction is an original justificatory argument for the value of liberal education as general education in the sense of initiation into the heritage of the humanities. To close, I evaluate the scope and power of (...) this argument from the existential concern of the humanities. (shrink)
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  47.  69
    The Implications of the Cognitive Sciences for the Relation Between Religion and Science Education: The Case of Evolutionary Theory.Stefaan Blancke,Johan De Smedt,Helen De Cruz,Maarten Boudry &Johan Braeckman -2012 -Science & Education 21 (8):1167-1184.
  48.  44
    A Correction to Dillard’s Reading of Geach’s Temporality Argument for Non-Materialism.Stefaan E. Cuypers -2023 -American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 97 (1):69-73.
    In his article “What Do We Think With?” Peter Geach develops an argument for the non-materiality of thinking. Given that basic thinking activity is not clockable in physical time, whereas basic material or bodily activity is so clockable, it follows that basic thinking activity is non-material. Peter Dillard’s attack on this temporality proof takes “thoughts” in the proof to refer to non-occurrent states. The present note shows this reading to be mistaken and so rectifies a misunderstanding of Geach’s argument. It (...) takes no stand on the question of whether the argument succeeds. (shrink)
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  49.  20
    Introduction: Reading R. S. Peters on Education Today.Stefaan E. Cuypers &Christopher Martin -2011 - In Stefaan E. Cuypers & Christopher Martin,Reading R. S. Peters Today. Wiley‐Blackwell. pp. 1–5.
    This chapter contains sections titled: References.
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  50.  16
    Puritanism as moral advertisement helps solve the puzzle of ineffective moralization.Stefaan Blancke -2023 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e296.
    The moral disciplining theory proposes that people moralize excessive innocent behavior to discipline others to behave in ways that facilitate cooperation. However, such disciplining might not always be effective. To solve this puzzle of ineffective moralization we should think of puritanism in terms of moral advertisement aimed at reputation management rather than the manipulation of others.
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