Judicial knowledge-enhanced magnitude-aware reasoning for numerical legal judgment prediction.Sheng Bi,Zhiyao Zhou,Lu Pan &Guilin Qi -2023 -Artificial Intelligence and Law 31 (4):773-806.detailsLegal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is an essential component of legal assistant systems, which aims to automatically predict judgment results from a given criminal fact description. As a vital subtask of LJP, researchers have paid little attention to the numerical LJP, i.e., the prediction of imprisonment and penalty. Existing methods ignore numerical information in the criminal facts, making their performances far from satisfactory. For instance, the amount of theft varies, as do the prison terms and penalties. The major challenge is how (...) the model can obtain the ability of numerical comparison and magnitude perception, e.g., 400< 500< 800, 500 is closer to 400 than to 800. To this end, we propose a judicial knowledge-enhanced magnitude-aware reasoning architecture, called NumLJP, for the numerical LJP task. Specifically, we first implement a contrastive learning-based judicial knowledge selector to distinguish confusing criminal cases efficiently. Unlike previous approaches that employ the law article as external knowledge, judicial knowledge is a quantitative guideline in real scenarios. It contains many numerals (called anchors) that can construct a reference frame. Then we design a masked numeral prediction task to help the model remember these anchors to acquire legal numerical commonsense from the selected judicial knowledge. We construct a scale-based numerical graph using the anchors and numerals in facts to perform magnitude-aware numerical reasoning. Finally, the representations of fact description, judicial knowledge, and numerals are fused to make decisions. We conduct extensive experiments on three real-world datasets and select several competitive baselines. The results demonstrate that the macro-F1 of NumLJP improves by at least 9.53% and 11.57% on the prediction of penalty and imprisonment, respectively. (shrink)
EEG Features of Evoked Tactile Sensation: Two Cases Study.Changyu Qin,Wenyuan Liang,Dian Xie,Sheng Bi &Chih-Hong Chou -2022 -Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.detailsPurpose: Sensory feedback for prosthetics is an important issue. The area of forearm stump skin that has evoked tactile sensation of fingers is defined as the projected finger map, and the area close to the PFM region that does not have ETS is defined as the non-projected finger map. Previous studies have confirmed that ETS can restore the tactile pathway of the lost finger, which was induced by stimulation of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the end of stump skin. This (...) study aims to reveal EEG features between the PFM and the NPFM regions of the stumps under the same TENS stimulation condition.Methods: The PFM and NPFM regions of the two subjects were stimulated with the same intensity of TENS, respectively. TENS as target stimuli are modulated according to the Oddball paradigm to evoke the P300 components.Result: The PFM regions of both subjects were able to elicit P300 components, while their NPFM regions were not able to elicit P300 components. However, this P300 appears early and has continuous positive peaks in front of it.Discussion: N30 and P300 can prove that the two subjects with PFM can perceive and recognize ETS. The heteromorphisms of the P300 waveform may be related to the difficulty in subjects’ cognition of ETS or caused by the fusion of P150, P200, and P300. (shrink)
Sheng cun zhu yi zhe xue yu dao jia si xiang bi jiao yan jiu =.Lianzeng Zhu -2019 - Xi'an: Shanxi shi fan da xue chu ban zong she.details本书通过比较研究揭示出,在生存主义哲学和道家思想对人之生存结构的理解方面,存在着深层的共识,这是二者之间展开深度对话的"客观基础".本书分为两大部分,第一部分,包括本研究的第一章和第二章,分别对海德格 尔存在与时间和萨特存在与虚无中的生存主义思想加以呈现,诠释,以期读者能够对生存主义哲学的"标本式"理论有所了解,并为后文的比较研究提供一定的理论铺垫.第三到八章,对道家思想与生存主义思想展开多维比较. 主要围绕"无"在生存结构中的地位和作用来展开,并努力揭示出,生存主义哲学和道家思想在人的"带无生存"这一点上,有着极为醒目的相通之处.然而,在此基础上产生的价值导向,却表现出同样醒目的分梳.通过分析道 家与生存主义哲学思想上重叠性与互补性,可能为融合东西方智慧,尤其是吸收中国传统道家智慧的现代生存哲学理论体系的建立提供一定的思想素材和理论参考.
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Liening "Zhe xue bi ji" yu Makesi zhu yi zhe xue desheng zhang dian.Min Bian -1992 - Zhengzhou Shi: Henan ren min chu ban she.details本书论述了列宁在《哲学笔记》中通过研究黑格尔哲学的途径,以马克思主义“《资本论》的逻辑”为典范,试图建立辩证法的“大逻辑”。.
Tai da xuesheng desheng huo bi ji: ling xiu liu yuan ze.Xiaozhi Sun (ed.) -2010 - Taibei Shi: Lian jing chu ban shi ye gu fen you xian gong si.details臺大學生原汁原味的反省與生活筆記 傳遞出年輕學子對家人、同學間的情感與生活態度 也忠實傳遞出臺大人如何透過這六個靈修原則 來檢視、提升自己的靈修生活品質 生命教育從我開始! 臺大學生原汁原味的反省與生活筆記。 任何一個人,不論他是誰,也不論在社會上扮演什麼角色 更不論是富貴貧窮或生病健康 總會在人生某些時候碰到自己生命的課題 「人生無常,唯愛永恆」,靈修六原則就是以此信念為基礎,所建構出來的靈性修養原則: 原則一 在每一個人身上看見神、看見佛、看見人 原則二 第一個去愛、第一個去給 原則三 給人信心、給人希望、給人歡喜、給人方便 原則四 緩於發怒、敏於寬恕、勇於道歉 原則五 擇善固執、不變隨緣 原則六 誠意正心、戒慎恐懼 長久以來,在「重 know-how輕 know-why」、智育掛帥的教育型態下,無論老師、學生或家長,多以升學與成績做為求學的重心,而忽略了靈性生活的發展──無論是心理情緒或人際關係上等等,都迷失了方向、找不到答案。 孫效智教授認為給自己的人生定位,找出值得奮鬥的志趣與願景,是大學生涯裡最重要的功課。於是孫教授開設「生命的學問」通識課程,透過多元的上課方式,如教師講述、小組討論、電影欣賞、體驗活動、生命見證、專題演 講等,引導學生認識、體驗與省思生命最根本的課題,以追求人生觀的深化、價值觀的內化與人格靈性的發展。 透過孫教授的這門生命教育通識課程,讓學生針對個人生命經驗,按照靈修生活六原則,進行日常生活觀照與反省,並以文字分享自我的改變。藉此讓台灣最高學術殿堂的學生,不僅在專業智能上創新,也在做人最根本的精神與 態度上認清自己。 操練「靈修六原則」的秘訣〈 孫效智〉 每天早上悠悠醒轉之際,先將「靈修六原則」在心中默念幾遍,同時也思考它們的意涵,並定下今天在每一分每一秒貫徹它們的決心,然後開始一天的生活。 到了晚上睡覺前,再讓自己有一個放空、冥想或祈禱的機會,去省思從「靈修六原則」的角度來看,今天是否有所心得或虧欠?又是否有什麼特別的經驗?好的經驗就心存感恩,不好的則要用力懺悔,並準備明天重新出發。.
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Ren lei fu zhusheng zhi fa lü zhi du bi jiao yan jiu.Fang Yang -2022 - Beijing: Zhongguo ren min da xue chu ban she.details本书以人类辅助生殖法律制度为研究对象,对这一制度在不同国家,我国不同法域的产生,发展及未来方向作了全面分析,以比较分析的视角,从中总结出可为我国借鉴吸收的优秀成果,对于未来法制发展方向与具体制度的建构 提出了可行化的学者建议.
Ru jia jing yi: Dao.Yilin Song -2014 - Guangzhou: Zhongshan da xue chu ban she.detailsBen shu shi zuo zhe dui zhong hua kai yuan dasheng(shang xia ce), ru jia dao yi ji, ru jia gu shi jie du, ru jia dao yi xin jie ji ben shu de nong suo,Xiu zheng he tisheng,Cong er bi jiao xi tong,Quan mian,Wan zheng di zheng he le ru jia si xiang,Ru jia xue shuo,Ru jia wen hua de zui gao zhen li he zui jia zhi hui dao.
Wang Yangming yu Yangming wen hua.Xiaoxin Wang &Pinglue Zhao (eds.) -2011 - Beijing Shi: Zhonghua shu ju.detailsBen shu gong you ba jiang zu cheng, fen bie shisheng ren bi ke xue er zhi, Wang Yangming de xin xue ti xi, shi gong yu bing xue, wen xue si xiang yu shi wen chuang zuo, jiao yu si xiang yu shi jian, Yangming hou xue, Yangming xue zai jin xian dai de ying xiang, Yangming wen hua yu Guizhou lü you. Mei ge lun ti lun shu ji zhong, shen du shi zhong, xu shu xing (...) yu yan tong su liu chang, gu shi xing qiang, hen shi he da zhong du zhe yue du. wei qi fa du zhe si kao, zeng qiang yue du xiao guo, zai mei yi jiang zhi hou shi liang she zhi le yi xie ming ci jie shi, jian da tao lun ti. ling pei he xiang guan wen zi, she zhi le yi xie tu pian, bei ke he Yangming shu fa zuo pin deng, ju you ji jia de guan shang xing. (shrink)
Dan xuan yu chen ju: Tang Song dao jiao si xiang yu she hui yan jiu.Lesong Cheng -2021 - Beijing: Zong jiao wen hua chu ban she.detailsYi jing dian jie du he guan nian quan shi wei ji nen jin lu de si xiang shi yan jiu, yu wei rao xin yang yu she hui shen g huo de hu dong zhan kai de she hui shi yan jiu ke yi bei shi zuo zong jiao li shi yan jiu de liang ge zhi dian. Xin yang cong dai dou shi yi ti liang mian de: shi zhong guan qie chao yue de zhi qu bi ran (...) shi de xin yang yi mou zhong si xiang huo guan nian de fang shi fou ding huo shu li ri changsheng huo he shi su shi jie, que li du te de yu zhou zhi xu yu xin yang jia zhi; yu zhi xiang dui, xin yang shi jian de zhan kai you shi yu ri changsheng huo xu yu bu li de, cong xian shi de yi yi shang shuo, yi zhong chun cui qie tuo li le shi susheng huo de xin yang shi nan yi xiang xiang de. Jiu dao jiao er yan, xiu zhen deng xian de xuan si yu rang zai qi fu de shi jian shi bu ke fen ge de, ke yi jie lu de gui zhi yu du die zhang ji de lu fa ye shi bing xing bu bei de. Ru guo yao chang shi li jie mou yi ge li shi shi qi zhong de dao jiao xin yang, jiu xu yao jie he qi shi de jing dian wen xian yu she huisheng huo. Jian ci, ben shu yi Tang Song shi qi de dao jiao xin yang wei zhu ti, fen bie cong Sui Tang shi qi de dao jiao xin yang si xiang yu Tang Song shi qi de lu fa ji xin yang guan lian liang ge shi jiao zhan kai zhuan ti yan jiu, zhan shi shang shu yi ti liang mian de xin yang shi kuang jia. (shrink)
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Ru Mo si xiang de xian dai quan jie yu guan zhao.Hongxue Chen -2018 - Tainan Shi: Cheng da chu ban she.detailsBen shu zhu yao lun shu ru,Mo liang jia fa zheng si xiang,Bing fu lu xian dai xing fa dui bi fo jiao jie lü lun wen yi pian.Xie zuo te se yao fen wei er:yi,Zai yan jiu fang fa shang,Cai qu bi jiao fa xue yan jiu jin lu,Jian shi chuan tong si xiang yu xian dai jia zhi ti xi xian zhuan gong gou zhi ke neng.Shi gu wen zhang lun shu zhong xin bu zai chan shu ru,Mo (...) neisheng dao de gong fu lun mian xiang,Er geng ce zhong qi yu xian dai fa li nian ji xian xing fa zhi du zhi dui bi fen xi.Er,Zai lun shu nei rong fang mian,Chuan tong yan jiu zhu yao tong guo jia zhi xi tong nei,Ji ken ding chuan tong wen hua zhi zhuan ye yan jiu zhe li chang chu fa,Zhang xian zhong guo zhe xue shi dai he li xing. (shrink)
"Zhuzi yu lei" wen xian yu yan yan jiu =.Jie Liu -2018 - Hangzhou Shi: Zhejiang gong shang da xue chu ban she.detailsBen shu fen shang xia liang ge bu fen,Shang bian shi zhu zi yu lei wen xian yan jiu,Xia bian shi zhu zi yu lei ci hui yan jiu.Quan shu yi gong fen wei 9 zhang.Di yi zhang xu lun,Shou xian jie shao le zhu xi yu zhu zi yu lei,Qi ci jin xing le xue shu hui gu,Zong jie le jin 20 nian lai(jie zhi 2009 nian)Guo nei wai zhu zi yu lei yan jiu desheng kuang he (...) qu de de zhu yao cheng jiu,Zui hou ti chu ben shu de yan jiu fang fa he yi yi.Di er zhang yan jiu tong xing ben zhu zi yu lei ji cheng shu zhi qian de ji ge zhong yao ban ben.Di san zhang wei zhong hua ben zhu zi yu lei yu song ke ben hui an xiansheng zhu wen gong yu lu de yi wen bi jiao.Di si zhang wei zhong hua ben zhu zi yu lei yu chao xian gu xie ben zhu zi yu lei yi wen bi jiao.Di wu zhang yan jiu zhu zi yu lei de wen xian xue jia zhi.Di liu zhang he di qi zhang ji zhong yan jiu zhu zi yu lei de fu yin ci.Di ba zhang tao lun zhu zi yu lei zhong de duo yin jie ci yu.Di jiu zhang zong jie chan shu zhu zi yu lei de yu ti te zheng,Yu yan te dian he yan jiu jia zhi. (shrink)
Minguo xue zhe lun Feng Youlan =.Renyu Wang (ed.) -2019 - Beijing: Ren min chu ban she.detailsXue xi he yan jiu Zhongguo zhe xue, yi ban lai shuo, Feng xiansheng shi ke chao er bu ke yue de. Yi si shi, hou ren wan quan ke neng er qie ye ying dangsheng guo Feng xiansheng, dan shi que bu neng rao guo Feng xiansheng. Rao guo Feng xiansheng, bu dan bi ran yao duo fei li qi, er qie rong yi zou wan lu er nan yu (...) shen ru tang ao. Feng Youlan zuo wei wo guo jin dai zhe xue de yi dai ju bo, zai mou zhong yi yi shang, ying xiang liao zheng ge jin dai Zhongguo zhe xue de ge ju. Er dui yu Feng Youlan zhe xue ji qi xue shusheng ya de yan jiu, ye sui zhe dang dai guo xue yan jiu de xing qi, shou dao yue lai yue duo de guan zhu. Minguo shi qi de Zhongguo xue shu jie, ying gai shuo shi hui ju le yi da pi kua shi dai de xue shu jing ying, te bie shi zai chuan tong xue shu ling yu, kan cheng yi chang si xiang desheng yan.ben shu zuo zhe zai hao ru yan hai de Minguo wen xian zhong, jing xin zheng li chu dang shi xue jie dui Feng Youlan zhe xue de hui ying he dui hua, qi zhong bao kuo zhu ru Chen Yinke, Jin Yuelin, Hu Shi, Zhang Dainian, Cai Shangsi deng yi da pi xue jie tai dou de wen zhang, zi liao xing fei chang qiang, bu jin fan ying le zhu wei xue zhe ge ren de du dao jian jie, geng cong yi ge ce mian fan ying le Minguo shi qi Feng Youlan zhe xue yan jiu desheng kuang, dui dang xia yan jiu Feng Youlan zhe xue si xiang ju you zhong yao de can kao jia zhi. (shrink)
西方哲学东漸史.Chien-te Huang (ed.) -1991 - Wuhan Shi: Hubei sheng xin hua shu dian jing xiao.detailsBen shu cong da liang xi fang zhe xue de chuan bo fen fan xian xiang zhong xun chu ma ke si zhu yi zhe xue zai zhong guo cheng wei li shi fa zhan zhi bi ran, qi ta zhe xue si xiang dou zai zhong guo chuan bo guo, zhi you ma ke si zhu yi cai you wu bi qiang da desheng ming li.
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Business's environmental responsibility in taiwan — moral, legal or negotiated.PeihuaSheng,Linda Chang &Warren A. French -1994 -Journal of Business Ethics 13 (11):887 - 897.detailsThis study explores both the negotiating styles and moral reasoning processes of business people and governmental officials in Taiwan, so as to provide a footing for outsiders when negotiating with Taiwanese over environmental concerns. Findings imply that Taiwanese business people and governmental officials can and will reason both at the conventional level and at the postconventional level of moral judgment. But, results of this study also indicate that Taiwanese negotiating styles do not necessarily match their levels of moral reasoning. With (...) respect to pollution concerns, Taiwanese seem unwillingly to accept responsibility as autonomous individuals. Instead, responsibility is accepted when mandated by the law. (shrink)
A Defense of Utilitarianism.C. L.Sheng -2004 - Upa.detailsIn Defense of Utilitarianism, C.L.Sheng provides a more intensive study of the Unified Utilitarian Theory , which he proposed in his previous work A New Approach to Utilitarianism .Sheng defends utilitarianism, particularly UUT, against the objections and attacks raised by nonutilitarians, showing it to be a viable ethical theory.
Should Y stay or should Y go: The evolution of non‐recombining sex chromosomes.Sheng Sun &Joseph Heitman -2012 -Bioessays 34 (11):938-942.detailsGradual degradation seems inevitable for non‐recombining sex chromosomes. This has been supported by the observation of degenerated non‐recombining sex chromosomes in a variety of species. The human Y chromosome has also degenerated significantly during its evolution, and theories have been advanced that the Y chromosome could disappear within the next ∼5 million years, if the degeneration rate it has experienced continues. However, recent studies suggest that this is unlikely. Conservative evolutionary forces such as strong purifying selection and intrachromosomal repair through (...) gene conversion balance the degeneration tendency of the Y chromosome and maintain its integrity after an initial period of faster degeneration. We discuss the evidence both for and against the extinction of the Y chromosome. We also discuss potential insights gained on the evolution of sex‐determining chromosomes by studying simpler sex‐determining chromosomal regions of unicellular and multicellular microorganisms. (shrink)