Pemikiran al-Kindi: pengaruh terhadap intelektual Muslim di Malaysia dan Indonesia.ShahibuddinLaming -2006 - Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.detailsThought of al-Kindi, the Arab philosopher, on Islamic philosophy and their influence on Malaysian and Indonesian Muslim intellectuals.
Ordinary people do not ignore base rates.DonaldLaming -2007 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (3):272-274.detailsHuman responses to probabilities can be studied through gambling and through experiments presenting biased sequences of stimuli. In both cases, participants are sensitive to base rates. They adjust automatically to changes in base rate; such adjustment is incompatible with conformity to Bayes' Theorem. is therefore specific to the exercises in mental arithmetic reviewed in the target article.
Psychological relativity.DonaldLaming -2003 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):416-417.details“Psychological relativity” means that “an observation is a relationship between the observer and the event observed.” It implies a profound distinction between “the internal first-person as opposed to the external third-person perspective.” That distinction, followed through, turns Lehar's discourse inside-out. This commentary elaborates the notion of “psychological relativity,” shows that whereas there is already a natural science of perceptual report, there cannot also be a science of perception per se, and draws out some implications for our understanding of phenomenal consciousness.
On the behavioural interpretation of neurophysiological observation.Donald R. J.Laming -2000 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (2):209-209.detailsExamples of terror generated by an aircraft disaster, of human courtship behaviour, and of the application of laboratory techniques to the commercial training of animals suggest (1) that emotion is simply the subjective counterpart of (objective) motivation (so that separate brain mechanisms would be an embarrassment) and (2) the apparent involvement of reward and punishment is a consequence of the excessively narrow range of experimental procedures used and has no foundation in the design of the brain.
On the distinction between “sensorimotor” and “motorsensory” contingencies.DonaldLaming -2001 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (5):992-992.detailsAn experimenter studies “sensorimotor contingencies”; the stimulus is primary and the subject's response consequential. But the subject, looking at the world from his or her distinctive viewpoint, is occupied with “motorsensory contingencies”; the response is now primary and the sensory consequential. These two categories are gathered together under the one term in the target article. This commentary disambiguates the confusion.
Mondes mosaïques: astres, villes, vivant et robots.Jean Audouze,Georges Chapouthier,DenisLaming &Pierre-Yves Oudeyer (eds.) -2015 - Paris: CNRS éditions.detailsQu'y a-t-il de commun entre l'Univers, l'animal, la machine et la ville? A priori pas grand-chose si l'on prend en considération les différences d'échelle ou encore le fait que l'on cherche à rapprocher deux concepts "naturels", l'Univers et l'animal, à deux types de "constructions" humaines, la machine et la ville. Le propos de cet ouvrage est précisément de démontrer le contraire : des constatations identiques ou analogues peuvent s'appliquer à chacun d'eux. Notre appréhension de ces différentes entités a progressé de (...) façon considérable au cours du temps et notoirement au cours des dernières années. Les quatre termes deviennent de plus en plus complexes en même temps que nos analyses deviennent plus performantes. Chacun d'eux est constitué de structures emboîtées : ils sont en mosaïques, ensembles faits d'éléments distincts qui se juxtaposent, mais qui sont toujours plus que la simple somme de leurs éléments. Ils évoluent au cours du temps, et cette évolution est darwinienne : ils s'adaptent, cherchent l'équilibre, et seules subsistent les structures les plus robustes. Et ce qui est le plus réussi, le plus adapté, est aussi bien souvent ce que nous trouvons le plus beau... Mettre en parallèle les regards d'un astrophysicien, d'un biologiste, d'un architecte et d'un roboticien permet à chacune de ses disciplines d'apporter un éclairage nouveau sur les trois autres : un bel exercice de dialogue. (shrink)
No categories
The Last Fuegians.J. Emperaire &A.Laming -1954 -Diogenes 2 (8):37-68.detailsThe spread of Western and Christian civilisation all over the world, during the last four hundred years, has been marked, on all continents, by the disappearance of large numbers of technically less advanced peoples, or by their numerical regression, which in turn was accompanied by the decadence and crumbling of their cultural inheritance. But such feats of extinction are not the prerogative of the white man of modern civilisation. Every point on the globe, at all times, has witnessed struggles for (...) life, where victory went to the stronger. The extinction of Neanderthal man, some thirty thousand years ago, was probably due to the appearance of Cro-Magnon and Chancelade man, who entered Europe at that time and had attained a more advanced technical civilisation than their predecessors. In historic times, we know of several cases in which peoples were driven back and annihilated by neighbours whose civilisation was more advanced and who were endowed with a greater expansive force. The Negritos of South-east Asia had been ousted from a part of their original territory by the Malayans and Chinese long before the arrival of the Europeans. Several Melanesian tribes were exterminated in the course of the ancient Polynesian migrations. These examples could be multiplied. They are in fact so numerous that it has become customary to consider them almost as manifestations of a biological necessity, against which human will remains impotent. (shrink)
No categories
Using NLP techniques to identify legal ontology components: Concepts and relations. [REVIEW]Guiraude Lame -2004 -Artificial Intelligence and Law 12 (4):379-396.detailsA method to identify ontology components is presented in this article. The method relies on Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to extract concepts and relations among these concepts. This method is applied in the legal field to build an ontology dedicated to information retrieval. Legal texts on which the method is performed are carefully chosen as describing and conceptualizing the legal domain. We suggest that this method can help legal ontology designers and may be used while building ontologies dedicated to (...) other tasks than information retrieval. (shrink)
Trust towards migrants.Néstor Gandelman &Diego Lamé -2023 -Theory and Decision 96 (2):311-331.detailsUsing a standard trust game, we elicit trust and reciprocity measures in a representative sample of adult players in Montevideo, the capital city of Uruguay, a country that received a sizeable influx of Venezuelan and Cuban migrants, has lower internal disparities than other Latin American countries and exhibits relatively better levels of tolerance towards migrants. We find no statistically significant differences in trust levels of Uruguayans towards countrymen versus migrants and mixed results regarding reciprocity, with migrants exhibiting a flatter response (...) to trust than their local counterparts. (shrink)
State Transition Modeling in Ultimate Frisbee: Adaptation of a Promising Method for Performance Analysis in Invasion Sports.Hilary Lam,Otto Kolbinger,Martin Lames &Tiago Guedes Russomanno -2021 -Frontiers in Psychology 12.detailsAlthough the body of literature in sport science is growing rapidly, certain sports have yet to benefit from this increased interest by the scientific community. One such sport is Ultimate Frisbee, officially known as Ultimate. Thus, the goal of this study was to describe the nature of the sport by identifying differences between winning and losing teams in elite-level competition. To do so, a customized observational system and a state transition model were developed and applied to 14 games from the (...) 2017 American Ultimate Disc League season. The results reveal that, on average, 262.2 passes were completed by a team per game and 5.5 passes per possession. More than two-thirds of these passes were played from the mid zone and the rear zone, nearest the team’s own end zone. Winning and losing teams do not differ in these general patterns, but winning teams played significantly fewer backward passes from the front zone to the mid zone, nearest the opponent’s end zone than losing teams = −4.980, p< 0.001, d = −1.16). Furthermore, losing teams scored fewer points when they started on defense, called breakpoints = −6.365, p< 0.001, d = 2.30), and committed significantly more turnovers per game = 5.85, p< 0.001, d = −1.18). Overall, this study provides the first empirical description of Ultimate and identifies relevant performance indicators to discriminate between winning and losing teams. We hope this article sheds light on the unique, but so far overlooked sport of Ultimate, and offers performance analysts the basis for future studies using state transition modeling in Ultimate as well as other invasion sports. (shrink)
Design and Validation of an Observational System for Penalty Kick Analysis in Football.Guilherme de Sousa Pinheiro,Vitor Bertoli Nascimento,Matt Dicks,Varley Teoldo Costa &Martin Lames -2021 -Frontiers in Psychology 12.detailsThe analysis of penalty kick has played an important role in performance analysis. The study aims are to get formal feedback on the relevance of variables for penalty kick analysis, to design and validate an observational system; and to assess experts’ opinion on the optimum video footage in penalty kick analysis. A structured development process was adopted for content validity, reliability and agreement on video usage. All observational variables included in OSPAF showed Aiken’s V values above the cut-off. Cohen’s Kappa (...) resulted in mean intra- and inter-rater reliability values of 0.90 and 0.86, respectively. It is recommended to combine at least three different viewing angles with standardization of video quality. Changing the viewing angles may influence the observer perception. The aerial and pitch-level viewing angle behind the penalty taker and pitch-level viewing angle behind the goalkeeper were indicated as most appropriate for observational analysis. The OSPAF met all requirements of instrument validation. It may be recommended as basis of future observational systems on penalty kicks. (shrink)
Lame Science? Blind Religion?Holmes Rolston -2019 -Zygon 54 (2):351-353.detailsIn Consecrating Science, Lisa Sideris argues that an anthropocentric and science‐based cosmology encourages human arrogance and diminishes a sense of wonder in human experience immersed in the natural world, as found in diverse cultural and religious traditions. I agree with her that science elevated to a commanding worldview, scientism, is a common and contemporary mistake, to be deplored, a lame science. But I further argue that science has introduced us to the marvels of deep nature and vastly increased our human (...) appreciation of nature as a wonderland at levels great and small. Sideris is right to fear consecrating science. She—and the humanists, sages, and saviors—need also to fear blindness to what science has to teach us about cosmogenesis and wonderland Earth. (shrink)
Des ‘‘lames de Karanovo’’ dans le site néolithique d’Uğurlu (île de Gökçeada, Turquie).Denis Guilbeau &Burçin Erdoğu -2011 -Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 135 (1):1-19.detailsL’origine et les modalités de développement des premières sociétés agricoles du Nord-Est des Balkans entre la fin du VIIe et le VIe millénaires demeurent encore très controversées. Le site d’Uğurlu sur l’île de Gökçeada au Nord-Est de la mer Égée apporte un éclairage nouveau sur cette question. À ce jour, 24 lames et 4 autres éléments dans un silex jaune miel à points blancs d’origine vraisemblablement septentrionale ont été découverts dans cet établissement. L’analyse de ces objets et des lames en (...) particulier montre que par leur technique, leur morphologie, leurs modalités d’approvisionnement et leur retouche, elles sont totalement assimilables aux «lames de Karanovo » des sites contemporains de Thrace bulgare et des régions voisines. Toutefois, leur rareté, les autres composantes de l’industrie lithique et surtout l’appartenance d’Uğurlu à la sphère ouest-anatolienne indiquent que le site ne s’inscrit que de manière marginale dans la sphère techno-économique de Thrace bulgare et dépend surtout d’autres systèmes techno-économiques. (shrink)
No categories
Lames March, Richard Cyert, and the evolving field of organizations.Mie Augier -2013 - In Morgen Witzel & Malcolm Warner,The Oxford Handbook of Management Theorists. Oxford University Press. pp. 407.detailsOne author stands out for his contributions to the evolving field of organizations and management: James March. He was the co-author of the two books that were particularly influential in initiating the field which is now broadly recognized as behavioural theories of organizations: A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, written with Richard Cyert, and Organisations, written with Herbert Simon. This article outlines part of the evolution of March’s framework that he has developed in order to understand human action in often-complex (...) situations. It also includes some notes on Richard Cyert’s contributions. March’s framework became clear and was shaped by his background at the interdisciplinary environment at Carnegie Mellon in the 1950s and 60s. The non-rational and adaptive aspects of human decision-making and behaviour have figured more prominently in March’s work as time has gone on. (shrink)
No categories
In praise of lameness: A response to William Deresiewicz’sExcellent Sheep.David Hayes -2019 -Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 19 (3):325-334.detailsIn Excellent Sheep, William Deresiewicz describes ‘elite’ higher education as one in which students perform excellently, but only in a spirit of compliance with assigned tasks. The depth of this pr...
No categories
Take a Lame and Decrepit Female Hyena…: A Genizah Study of Two Additional Fragments of Sābūr Ibn Sahl's al-Aqrābādhīn al-Saghīr.Leigh Chipman &Efraim Lev -2008 -Early Science and Medicine 13 (4):361-383.detailsSābūr ibn Sahl's al-Aqrābādhīn al-saghīr is the earliest Arabic pharmacopoeia known to have survived. Finding fragments of Sābūr's pharmacopoeia in the Cairo Genizah shows that it was used by the medical practitioners of the Jewish community of Cairo, possibly long after it is supposed to have been superceded by other works. We present here a synoptic edition of two Arabic fragments, T-S Ar. 40.5 and Ar. 41.90. These fragments overlap to a large extent, but are not exactly the same. We (...) suggest that one may be the work of a professional scribe, while the other was copied by a practitioner for his personal use. (shrink)
Franco-Russian engineering links: The careers of Lamé and Clapeyron, 1820–1830.Margaret Bradley -1981 -Annals of Science 38 (3):291-312.detailsPolitical difficulties and adverse working conditions during the Restoration period obliged many French scientists and technologists to seek employment elsewhere. Lamé and Clapeyron made the most of their years of exile, and in this paper their contribution to the development of Russian engineering is studied, together with their work for the future of French industry. Their scientific and technological research is also considered. Archival sources throw new light on the significance of their ten years in Russia.
Iterative amplificatio: a new way to read the “Lame Beggars Sequence” in More’s Epigrammata.Erik Z. D. Ellis -2022 -Moreana 59 (2):220-232.detailsThomas More’s 281 epigrams form a diverse and seemingly haphazard collection of occasional and programmatic pieces written in a variety of meters on diverse topics. Since most of More’s papers disappeared in the years immediately following his death, it is difficult and perhaps impossible to reconstruct on the basis of external evidence the rationale behind the selection and distribution of his epigrams. Despite this challenge, internal evidence provides some clues. Nearly half of the epigrams are translations of Greek originals. Some (...) of these Greek originals serve as the basis for sequences of epigrams, one of which is the “Lame Beggars Sequence.” Through a process of iterative amplificatio, More progressively cultivates eloquence as he extends the meaning of his original to encompass moral and political themes. In turn, he develops the theme into original compositions before producing a final translation that encompasses both the literal and moral senses of the original Greek. (shrink)
No categories