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Results for 'Robert P. Miller'

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  1.  34
    Electrophysiology and Structural Connectivity of the Posterior Hypothalamic Region: Much to Learn From a Rare Indication of Deep Brain Stimulation.Bina Kakusa,Sabir Saluja,David Y. A. Dadey,Daniel A. N. Barbosa,Sandra Gattas,Kai J.Miller,Robert P. Cowan,Zepure Kouyoumdjian,Nader Pouratian &Casey H. Halpern -2020 -Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
  2.  68
    On Liberty: Man vs. the State, Milton S. Mayer.Donald C. Hodges,Robert Elias Abu Shanab,Stephen P. Halbrook &David L.Miller -1972 -World Futures 11 (sup1):117-123.
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  3.  18
    Bhutan: A Physical and Cultural Geography.Robert J.Miller &Pradyumna P. Karan -1969 -Journal of the American Oriental Society 89 (3):674.
  4.  142
    The Incoherence of Determining Death by Neurological Criteria: A Commentary onControversies in the Determination of Death, A White Paper by the President's Council on Bioethics.Franklin G.Miller &Robert D. Truog -2009 -Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 19 (2):185-193.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Incoherence of Determining Death by Neurological Criteria: A Commentary on Controversies in the Determination of Death, A White Paper by the President’s Council on Bioethics*Franklin G.Miller** (bio) andRobert D. Truog (bio)Traditionally the cessation of breathing and heart beat has marked the passage from life to death. Shortly after death was determined, the body became a cold corpse, suitable for burial or cremation. Two technological (...) changes in the second half of the twentieth century prompted calls for a new, or at least expanded, definition of death: the development of intensive care medicine, especially the use of mechanical ventilators, and the advent of successful transplantation of vital organs. Patients with profound neurological damage, leaving them incapable of breathing on their own and in an irreversible coma, could be maintained for some period of time with the aid of mechanical ventilation. The situation of these patients posed two ethical questions. Is it appropriate to stop life-sustaining treatment? If so, is it acceptable to retrieve vital organs for transplantation to save the lives of others before stopping treatment?In 1968, the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death proposed that death could be determined on the basis of neurological criteria, thus providing a positive answer to these two questions (Ad Hoc Committee 1968). According to the position of this committee, patients diagnosed with the cessation of brain function are dead, despite the fact that they breathe and circulate blood with the aid of mechanical ventilation. [End Page 185] Because they are dead, it is appropriate, indeed imperative, to stop mechanical ventilation. And because they are dead, it becomes ethical to procure vital organs for transplantation before stopping what otherwise would be life-sustaining treatment. Remarkably, this innovative neurological determination of death became, with little debate or controversy, the established position in medical ethics and the law throughout the United States.The Harvard Committee articulated the diagnosis of “irreversible coma,” but merely asserted that this condition constituted death. No explanatory rationale was provided. It fell to the President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research to provide an authoritative rationale in its 1981 report, Defining Death. The second paragraph of the report set the stage as follows: “The question addressed here is not inherently difficult or complicated. Simply, it is whether the law ought to recognize new means for establishing that the death of a human being has occurred” (President’s Commission 1981, p. 3). The Commission claimed that “death is a unitary phenomenon” (p. 7) and that the determination of death by neurological criteria, in terms of the absence of all brain function, is consistent with the traditional conception of death as the cessation of vital functioning of the organism as a whole. The key issue is the integrative functioning of the human organism, which ceases to exist, according to the Commission, when the whole brain, including higher cortical areas and the brain stem, fails to function. Although “brain-dead” patients do not appear to be dead—i.e., the reality of their death is “masked” by the activity of mechanical ventilation—the patient’s body has irreversibly lost all capacity for integrative functioning. In the words of the Commission: “When artificial means of support mask this loss of integration as measured by the old methods [cessation of respiration and heart beat], brain-oriented criteria and tests provide a new window on the same phenomenon” (p. 33). The President’s Commission was instrumental in developing and establishing “The Uniform Definition of Death Act”: “An individual who has sustained either (1) irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions, or (2) irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem, is dead” (p. 2).Although the question posed by the President’s Commission was easy to articulate, the answer, over time, has proved complicated and controversial. The coherence and cogency of determining death by neurological criteria has been challenged. Various experts have demonstrated that “brain-dead” patients maintained on mechanical ventilation display a range of vital, integrative, functioning, which conflicts with the judgment that they are dead (Truog and... (shrink)
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  5.  171
    Reframing Consent for Clinical Research: A Function-Based Approach.Scott Y. H. Kim,David Wendler,Kevin P. Weinfurt,Robert Silbergleit,Rebecca D. Pentz,Franklin G.Miller,Bernard Lo,Steven Joffe,Christine Grady,Sara F. Goldkind,Nir Eyal &Neal W. Dickert -2017 -American Journal of Bioethics 17 (12):3-11.
    Although informed consent is important in clinical research, questions persist regarding when it is necessary, what it requires, and how it should be obtained. The standard view in research ethics is that the function of informed consent is to respect individual autonomy. However, consent processes are multidimensional and serve other ethical functions as well. These functions deserve particular attention when barriers to consent exist. We argue that consent serves seven ethically important and conceptually distinct functions. The first four functions pertain (...) principally to individual participants: (1) providing transparency; (2) allowing control and authorization; (3) promoting concordance with participants' values; and (4) protecting and promoting welfare interests. Three other functions are systemic or policy focused: (5) promoting trust; (6) satisfying regulatory requirements; and (7) promoting integrity in research. Reframing consent around these functions can guide approaches to consent that are context sensitive and that maximize achievable goals. (shrink)
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  6.  88
    Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Cutting Edge Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Neuromodulation, Neuroethics, Pain, Interventional Psychiatry, Epilepsy, and Traumatic Brain Injury.Joshua K. Wong,Günther Deuschl,Robin Wolke,Hagai Bergman,Muthuraman Muthuraman,Sergiu Groppa,Sameer A. Sheth,Helen M. Bronte-Stewart,Kevin B. Wilkins,Matthew N. Petrucci,Emilia Lambert,Yasmine Kehnemouyi,Philip A. Starr,Simon Little,Juan Anso,Ro’ee Gilron,Lawrence Poree,Giridhar P. Kalamangalam,Gregory A. Worrell,Kai J.Miller,Nicholas D. Schiff,Christopher R. Butson,Jaimie M. Henderson,Jack W. Judy,Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora,Kelly D. Foote,Peter A. Silburn,Luming Li,Genko Oyama,Hikaru Kamo,Satoko Sekimoto,Nobutaka Hattori,James J. Giordano,Diane DiEuliis,John R. Shook,Darin D. Doughtery,Alik S. Widge,Helen S. Mayberg,Jungho Cha,Kisueng Choi,Stephen Heisig,Mosadolu Obatusin,Enrico Opri,Scott B. Kaufman,Prasad Shirvalkar,Christopher J. Rozell,Sankaraleengam Alagapan,Robert S. Raike,Hemant Bokil,David Green &Michael S. Okun -2022 -Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    DBS Think Tank IX was held on August 25–27, 2021 in Orlando FL with US based participants largely in person and overseas participants joining by video conferencing technology. The DBS Think Tank was founded in 2012 and provides an open platform where clinicians, engineers and researchers can freely discuss current and emerging deep brain stimulation technologies as well as the logistical and ethical issues facing the field. The consensus among the DBS Think Tank IX speakers was that DBS expanded in (...) its scope and has been applied to multiple brain disorders in an effort to modulate neural circuitry. After collectively sharing our experiences, it was estimated that globally more than 230,000 DBS devices have been implanted for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. As such, this year’s meeting was focused on advances in the following areas: neuromodulation in Europe, Asia and Australia; cutting-edge technologies, neuroethics, interventional psychiatry, adaptive DBS, neuromodulation for pain, network neuromodulation for epilepsy and neuromodulation for traumatic brain injury. (shrink)
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  7.  39
    Book Review:Explanation in Social Science.Robert Brown; The Problem of Social-Scientific Knowledge. William P. McEwen.CecilMiller -1964 -Ethics 74 (4):304-307.
  8.  65
    A draft model aggregated code of ethics for bioethicists.Robert Baker -2005 -American Journal of Bioethics 5 (5):33 – 41.
    Bioethicists function in an environment in which their peers - healthcare executives, lawyers, nurses, physicians - assert the integrity of their fields through codes of professional ethics. Is it time for bioethics to assert its integrity by developing a code of ethics? Answering in the affirmative, this paper lays out a case by reviewing the historical nature and function of professional codes of ethics. Arguing that professional codes are aggregative enterprises growing in response to a field's historical experiences, it asserts (...) that bioethics now needs to assert its integrity and independence and has already developed a body of formal statements that could be aggregated to create a comprehensive code of ethics for bioethics. A Draft Model Aggregated Code of Ethics for Bioethicists is offered in the hope that analysis and criticism of this draft code will promote further discussion of the nature and content of a code of ethics for bioethicists. (shrink)
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  9.  123
    Some School Books - 1. W. Michael Wilson: Latin Comprehensions. Pp. 123. London:Macmillan, 1969. Paper, 40p. - 2. David G. Frater: Aere Perennius. Pp. xi+119. London: Macmillan. 1968. Limp cloth, 75P. - 3. A. Mcdonald and S. J.Miller: Greek Unprepared Translation. (Modern School Classics.) Pp.191. London: Macmillan, 1969. Cloth, £1.25. - 4. B. Halifax: Small Latin. A Reader for Beginners. Pp. 96; maps, plates, and drawings. Slough: Centaur Books, 1969. Paper, 52p. - 5. Carla. P. Ruck: Ancient Greek. ANew Approach. First Experimental Edition. Pp. xv+599; drawings. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1968. Paper, £6. - 6. Sidney Morris: A Programmed Latin Course. Part ii. Pp. 301; ill. London: Methuen, 1968. Cloth, £1.50. - 7. E. C. Kennedy: Caesar, De Bello Gallico vi. (Palatine Classics.) Pp. viii+162; 4 plates, maps and plans. London: University Tutorial Press, 1969. Cloth, 57½p. - 8. H. C. Fay: Plautus, Rudens. (Palatine Classics.) Pp. viii+221; ill. London: University Tutorial Press, 1. [REVIEW]Robert Glen -1972 -The Classical Review 22 (1):96-99.
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  10.  103
    Where's Waldo? The 'decapitation gambit' and the definition of death.J. P. Lizza -2011 -Journal of Medical Ethics 37 (12):743-746.
    The ‘decapitation gambit’ holds that, if physical decapitation normally entails the death of the human being, then physiological decapitation, evident in cases of total brain failure, entails the death of the human being. This argument has been challenged by FranklinMiller andRobert Truog, who argue that physical decapitation does not necessarily entail the death of human beings and that therefore, by analogy, artificially sustained human bodies with total brain failure are living human beings. They thus challenge the (...) current neurological criterion for determining death and argue for a return to the traditional criterion of the irreversible loss of circulation and respiration. In this paper, I defend the decapitation gambit and total brain failure as a criterion for determining death againstMiller and Truog's criticism. (shrink)
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  11.  9
    Psychoanalytic Studies of Creativity, Greed and Fine Art: Making Contact with the Self.David P. Levine -2015 - Routledge.
    Throughout the history of psychoanalysis, the study of creativity and fine art has been a special concern. _Psychoanalytic Studies of Creativity, Greed and Fine Art: Making Contact with the Self_ makes a distinct contribution to the psychoanalytic study of art by focusing attention on the relationship between creativity and greed. This book also focuses attention on factors in the personality that block creativity, and examines the matter of the self and its ability to be present and exist as the essential (...) element in creativity. Using examples primarily from visual art_ David Levine_ explores the subjects of creativity, empathy, interpretation and thinking through a series of case studies of artists, includingRobert Irwin, Ad Reinhardt, Susan Burnstine, and Mark Rothko. _Psychoanalytic Studies of Creativity, Greed and Fine Art_ explores the highly ambivalent attitude of artists toward making their presence known, an ambivalence that is evident in their hostility toward interpretation as a way of knowing. This is discussed with special reference to Susan Sontag’s essay on the subject of interpretation. Psychoanalytic Studies of Creativity, Greed and Fine Art contributes to a long tradition of psychoanalytically influenced writing on creativity including the work of Deri, Kohut, Meltzer,Miller and Winnicott among others. It will be of interest to psychoanalysts, psychoanalytic psychotherapists, historians and theorists of art. (shrink)
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  12.  478
    Commentary on "the incoherence of determining death by neurological criteria".John P. Lizza -2009 -Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 19 (4):pp. 393-395.
    This commentary challenges the conclusions reached by FranklinMiller andRobert Truog in their criticism of the President's Council's White Paper, "Controversies in the Determination of Death." I agree with much ofMiller and Truog's criticism of the rationale offered by the President's Council for accepting neurological criteria for determining death but argue that they too quickly dismiss the alternative rationale of determining death by neurological criteria-i.e., the destruction of the psychophysical integrity of the human being that (...) occurs when the potential for consciousness and every other mental function is lost due to catastrophic injury to the brain. By focusing on the death of bodies instead of human beings, their view absurdly implies that decapitation would not necessarily result in one's death. Since total brain failure is a form of physiological decapitation, the neurological criterion coheres perfectly well with the ordinary understanding of decapitation as death. (shrink)
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  13.  30
    The Problem of the Criterion.Robert P. Amico -1993 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    Selected by CHOICE as an Outstanding Academic Book for 1995.
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  14. Natural Law Theory: Contemporary Essays.Robert P. George -1998 -Philosophical Quarterly 48 (190):115-117.
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  15.  34
    Review ofRobert P. George:Making men moral: civil liberties and public morality[REVIEW]Robert P. George -1995 -Ethics 105 (4):943-945.
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  16.  91
    The Play of Nature: Experimentation as Performance.Robert P. Crease -1993 - Indiana University Press.
    "Crease’s brilliantly exploited theatrical analogy places scientific theorizing back into the wider context of experimental inquiry." —Robert C. Scharff Crease attacks the "mystical" account of experimentation embraced by the positivist and Kantian varieties of philosophy of science, according to which experimentation takes a backseat to theory.
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  17. Text as Pretext: Essays in Honour ofRobert Davidson.Robert P. Carroll -1992
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  18.  24
    Critical comment on "Learning and the principle of inverse probability.".Robert P. Abelson -1954 -Psychological Review 61 (4):276-278.
  19.  66
    Imagining the purpose of imagery.Robert P. Abelson -1979 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):548-549.
  20.  19
    Narrative and Drama in the American Trial.Robert P. Burns -2011 -Postmodern Openings 2 (8):101-113.
    This short essay summarizes an understanding of the trial as a medium in which law is realized or actualized, rather than imposed or enforced. It suggests that we should pay close attention to the actual practices that prevail at trial, its "consciously structured hybrid" of languages and practices, if we want to understand the nature of law.
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  21.  14
    A Buddhist View of the Student-Teacher Relationship: and Editorial Comments While Awake.Robert P. Craig -1995 -Journal of Thought 30:75-81.
  22.  20
    The basic quidditative metaphysics of Duns Scotus as seen in his De primo principio.Robert P. Prentice -1970 - Roma,: Antonianum.
  23. General-semantics and semiotics: similarities and differences. A survey and a recommendation.Robert P. Puła -2001 -Studia Semiotyczne 23:193-229.
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  24.  12
    Philosophy and a Sociology of Knowledge.Robert P. Sylvester -1964 -Memorias Del XIII Congreso Internacional de Filosofía 5:613-622.
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  25. Pleasures: Higher and Lower.Robert P. Sylvester -1975 -Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 56 (2):129.
     
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  26. Liberty under the moral law: B. Hoose's critique of the Grisez-Finnis theory of human good.Robert P. George -1993 -Heythrop Journal 34 (2):175-182.
     
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  27. Commentary on Dennett.Robert P. Kraynak -2008 - In Adam Schulman,Human dignity and bioethics: essays commissioned by the President's Council on Bioethics. Washington, D.C.: [President's Council on Bioethics.
  28.  88
    A study of the science of taste: On the origins and influence of the core ideas.Robert P. Erickson -2008 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31 (1):59-75.
    Our understanding of the sense of taste is largely based on research designed and interpreted in terms of the traditional four tastes: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter, and now a few more. This concept of basic tastes has no rational definition to test, and thus it has not been tested. As a demonstration, a preliminary attempt to test one common but arbitrary psychophysical definition of basic tastes is included in this article; that the basic tastes are unique in being able (...) to account for other tastes. This definition was falsified in that other stimuli do about as well as the basic words and stimuli. To the extent that this finding might show analogies with other studies of receptor, neural, and psychophysical phenomena, the validity of the century-long literature of the science of taste based on a few is called into question. The possible origins, meaning, and influence of this concept are discussed. Tests of the model with control studies are suggested in all areas of taste related to basic tastes. As a stronger alternative to the basic tradition, the advantages of the across-fiber pattern model are discussed; it is based on a rational data-based hypothesis, and has survived attempts at falsification. Such has found broad acceptance in many neural systems. (shrink)
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  29.  81
    Changing the Conversation About Brain Death.Robert D. Truog &Franklin G.Miller -2014 -American Journal of Bioethics 14 (8):9-14.
    We seek to change the conversation about brain death by highlighting the distinction between brain death as a biological concept versus brain death as a legal status. The fact that brain death does not cohere with any biologically plausible definition of death has been known for decades. Nevertheless, this fact has not threatened the acceptance of brain death as a legal status that permits individuals to be treated as if they are dead. The similarities between “legally dead” and “legally blind” (...) demonstrate how we may legitimately choose bright-line legal definitions that do not cohere with biological reality. Not only does this distinction bring conceptual coherence to the conversation about brain death, but it has practical implications as well. Once brain death is recognized as a social construction not grounded in biological reality, we create the possibility of changing the social construction in ways that may better serve both organ donors and recipients alike. (shrink)
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  30.  28
    Parsimony, Evolution, and Animal Pain.Robert P. Rosenfeld -unknown
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  31. The Background of Ecology: Concept and Theory.Robert P. Mcintosh -1986 -Journal of the History of Biology 19 (2):314-316.
  32.  18
    The Self-Conscious, Thinking Subject: A Kantian Contribution to Reestablishing Reason in a Post-Truth Age.Robert P. Abele -2021 - Cham: Springer Verlag.
    This book argues that the primary function of human thinking in language is to make judgments, which are logical-normative connections of concepts.Robert Abele points out that this presupposes cognitive conditions that cannot be accounted for by empirical-linguistic analyses of language content or social conditions alone. Judgments rather assume both reason and a unified subject, and this requires recognition of a Kantian-type of transcendental dimension to them. Judgments are related to perception in that both are syntheses, defined as the (...) unity of representations according to a rule/form. Perceptual syntheses are simultaneously pre-linguistic and proto-rational, and the understanding makes these syntheses conceptually and thus self-consciously explicit. Abele concludes with a transcendental critique of postmodernism and what its deflationary view of ontological categories—such as the unified and reasoning subject—has done to political thinking. He presents an alternative that calls for a return to normativity and a recognition of reason, objectivity, and the universality of principles. (shrink)
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  33.  128
    Will the Popperian Feyerabend please step forward: Pluralistic, Popperian themes in the philosophy of Paul Feyerabend.Robert P. Farrell -2000 -International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 14 (3):257 – 266.
    John Preston has claimed that we must understand Paul Feyerabend's later, post-1970, philosophy in terms of a disappointed Popperianism: that Feyerabend became a sceptical, relativistic, literal anarchist because of his perception of the failure of Popper's philosophy. I argue that this claim cannot be supported and trace the development of Feyerabend's philosophy in terms of a commitment to the central Popperian themes of criticism and critical explanatory progress. This commitment led Feyerabend to reject Popper's specific methodology in favour of a (...) pluralistic methodology, but the commitment to the central values of criticism and critical explanatory progress remained . Moreover, methodological pluralism does not imply scepticism, relativism, or literal anarchism. Feyerabend was not a disappointed Popperian, but, in many respects, a die-hard pluralistic Popperian. (shrink)
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  34.  11
    General Semantics as a General System which Explicitly Includes the System Maker.Robert P. Pula -1974 - In Donald E. Washburn & Dennis R. Smith,Coping with increasing complexity: implications of general semantics and general systems theory. New York: Gordon & Breach. pp. 69--84.
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  35. Natural Necessitation of the Human Will.Robert P. Sullivan -1951 -The Thomist 14:351-399.
     
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  36.  46
    Commentary on: “How are scientific corrections made?” (N. kiang).Robert P. Guertin -1995 -Science and Engineering Ethics 1 (4):357-359.
  37. Nuclear Arms as a Philosophical and Moral Issue.Robert P. Churchill -1983 -Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 469 (September 1983):46-57.
    Philosophical concerns about nuclear armaments raises questions about the logical and conceptual basis for deterrence theory as well as the effects of nuclear threats on our common humanity. Most philosophical concern centers around around the morality of nuclear deterrence. It is sometimes thought that the doctrine of just war can provide a moral justification for nuclear deterrence based on threats of massive retaliation. Ye attempts to apply the doctrine of just war lead to a moral dilemma: although nuclear deterrence seems (...) justified as self-defense, there are compelling reasons for concluding that threats of retaliation are immoral. Alternative deterrence policies might be thought to overcome the moral dilemma. However, counterforce strategy and anti-missile defense, as recently proposed by President reagan, must still depend upon immoral threats of retaliation. Proposals for a nonviolent national defense offer a possible solution, and serious attention should be given to claims that nonviolent defense is relevant in the nuclear age and would deter aggression. (shrink)
     
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  38.  75
    (1 other version)The secret existence of expressive behavior.Robert P. Abelson -1995 -Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 9 (1-2):25-36.
    The rational choice assumption that any chosen behavior can be understood as optimizing material self?interest is not borne out by psychological research. Expressive motives, for example, are prominent in the symbols of politics, in social relationships, and in the arts of persuasion. Moreover, instrumentality is a mindset that is learned (perhaps overlearned), and can be situationally manipulated; because it is valued in our society, it provides a privileged vocabulary for justifying behaviors that may have been performed for other reasons, and (...) encourages the illusory belief in the universality of rational choice. (shrink)
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  39. Age related changes in pro-and retrospective memory.B. Uttl,P. Graf,J.Miller &H. Tuokko -2001 -Consciousness and Cognition 7.
  40. Nietzche, Tocqueville and Maritain: On the Secularization of Religion as the Source of Modern Democracy.Robert P. Kraynak -2016 -Interpretation 43 (1):57-90.
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  41.  66
    Commentary Points.Robert P. Abelson -1983 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (4):591.
  42.  8
    Democracy Gone: A Chronicle of the Last Chapters of the Great American Democratic Experiment.Robert P. Abele -2009 - Hamilton Books.
    This book argues that the last eight years in particular have shown us that our democracy has largely evaporated, leaving behind only an exoskeleton that was once its original vertebrae of ends and principles. It is critical to our form of democracy in the U.S. that citizens become active participants.
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  43.  47
    On the vindication of deduction and induction.Robert P. Amico -1986 -Australasian Journal of Philosophy 64 (3):322 – 330.
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  44.  18
    27 The Tasks of a Philosophy of Law.Robert P. Burns -2009 - In Francis J. Mootz,On Philosophy in American Law. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 232.
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  45. Effects of attention on auditory perceptual organisation.Robert P. Carlyon &Rhodri Cusack -2005 - In Laurent Itti, Geraint Rees & John K. Tsotsos,Neurobiology of Attention. Academic Press. pp. 317--323.
     
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  46. Teaching effectively the Christian vision of responsible parenthood.Robert P. George &D. Jjx -forthcoming -Communicating the Catholic Vision of Life: Proceedings of the Twelfth Bishops' Workshop, Dallas, Texas.
     
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  47.  25
    Defeasability and Conditional Obligation.Robert P. McArthur -1981 -Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy 3:50-57.
  48.  17
    Review ofRobert P. Huefner and Margaret P. Battin:Changing to National Health Care.[REVIEW]Robert P. Huefner &Margaret P. Battin -1993 -Ethics 104 (1):186-188.
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  49.  43
    Rooks received.Robert P. George &Natural Law -1999 -American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 73 (4).
  50. Timelessness And Theological Fatalism.Robert P. Mcarthur -1977 -Logique Et Analyse 20 (December):475-490.
     
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