Works by Richard Schmitt
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| Richard Schmitt [59] | Richard Henry Schmitt [7] | Richard G. Schmitt [1] |
- An Introduction to Metaphysics.Richard Schmitt -1960 -Philosophical Review 69 (4):553.Review of Martin Heidegger, An Introduction to Metaphysics.
- Husserl's transcendental-phenomenological reduction.Richard Schmitt -1959 -Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 20 (2):238-245.The transcendental phenomenological reduction is described as the transition from thinking to reflection, Which involves a change of attitude. Schmitt elaborates what it means to "bracket the objective world" and to suspend judgement. The traditional distinction between thinking and reflection, Based on the distinction between what is inside and what is outside the mind, Is shown to be inadequate. Reflection really involves critical detachment, A neutral attitude and disinterestedness; it must describe the new facts rather than explain them. Hence, The (...) reduction is the transition from a nonreflective to a reflective attitude. (staff). (shrink)
- Phenomenology.Richard Schmitt -1967 - In Paul Edwards,The Encyclopedia of philosophy. New York,: Macmillan.Written for the Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Paul Edwards, this article provides a survey of Phenomenology, beginning with the work of Edmund Husserl and going on to discuss the very different approaches to phenomenology of Heidegger in the period of Sein und Zeit and the work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty.
- Solidarity in Socialism.Richard Schmitt -2016 -Radical Philosophy Review 19 (2):429-451.Socialism is meant to be democratic. Socialist democracy demands solidarity but it remains unclear what solidarity consists of. Theorists provide a range of different characterizations of solidarity which are adequate in their contexts but will not suffice as the basis for socialist democracy. This paper shows how we should not understand that needed solidarity; it is not merely a solidarity based on commonalities that overlooks difference. On the contrary, it needs to be a kind of solidarity that establishes close but (...) complex relations between various groups through their commitment to taking their differences seriously. There are many different ways of taking differences seriously. At the end, this paper makes some suggestions for further research to clarify the concept of solidarity in spite of difference. (shrink)
- Frege’s Letters to Wittgenstein about the Tractatus.Gottlob Frege &Richard Schmitt -2003 -The Bertrand Russell Society Quarterly 120.
- Nurturing fathers: Some reflections about caring.Richard Schmitt -1993 -Journal of Social Philosophy 24 (1):138-151.
- Heidegger: Through Phenomenology to Thought.Richard Schmitt &William J. Richardson -1966 -Philosophical Review 75 (4):540.
- Introduction to Marx and Engels: A Critical Reconstruction.Richard Schmitt -2019 - Routledge.This book steers a middle path between those who argue that the theories of Marx and Engels have been rendered obsolete by historical events and those who reply that these theories emerge untouched from the political changes of the last ten years.Marxism has been a theory of historical change that claimed to be able to predict with considerable acc.
- Methods of Democratic Decision-Making.Richard Schmitt -2018 -Radical Philosophy Review 21 (1):129-151.The paper reflects on the methods democratic systems use for arriving at decisions. The most popular ones are elections where the majority rules and deliberative democracy. I argue that both of these do not measure up to the demands of democracy. Whether we use voting with majority rule or deliberative methods, only a portion of the citizenry is allowed to rule itself; minorities are always excluded. Instead of voting with majority ruler or deliberative methods, I suggest that we employ mediation (...) to reach agreement in democratic publics. (shrink)
- Methodological Individualism, Psychological Individualism and the Defense of Reason.Richard Schmitt -1989 -Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Supplementary Volume 15:231-253.Jon Elster believes that methodological individualism is self-evident (Elster 1986, 66). Not finding it so, and being suspicious of philosophers who claim that their views are so obvious as to demand no arguments in their favor, I went back to retrace the outlines of the methodological individualism debate. It turns out that the participants to the debate disagree widely as to what they are arguing about; it is not obvious to them what methodological individualism is. The defenders of methodological individualism (...) agree with their critics much more than those critics acknowledge. Each side ascribes views to the other which its proponents disown explicitly. (shrink)
- Alienation and freedom.Richard Schmitt -2003 - Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.Drawing from existentialism, feminism, the thought of Karl Marx and novelists like Dostoevsky, Richard Schmitt looks at modern capitalist societies to understand what it is that might be wrong for individuals. His concern focuses specifically on those who are alienated-- those persons who have difficulty finding meaning in their lives, who lack confidence in themselves and trust in others and, finally, who are constantly distracted by consumer society. He explores how and why alienation occurs. From friendship, love, and work, Alienation (...) and Freedom touches on issues meaningful to us all. (shrink)
- Beyond Separateness: The Social Nature of Human Beings—Their Autonomy, Knowledge, and Power.Richard Schmitt -1995 - Routledge.Schmitt moves beyond the current dominant assumption that human beings are essentially separate from one another.No categories
- Phenomenology and metaphysics.Richard Schmitt -1962 -Journal of Philosophy 59 (16):421-428.
- Phenomenology and analysis.Richard Schmitt -1962 -Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 23 (1):101-110.
- The desire for private gain capitalism and the theory of motives.Richard Schmitt -1973 -Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 16 (1-4):149 – 167.Recent writers on economics have conceded that capitalism suffers from serious shortcomings. But they argue that, in spite of that, preference should be given to capitalism over alternative systems, because it alone gives free rein to the universal, human desire for private gain and is therefore best adapted to human nature. I argue against this psychological defense of capitalism that the desire for private gain is not a universal trait of human beings. On the contrary, it is a defining trait (...) of capitalist society that in it persons are first and foremost motivated by that desire. My argument rests on reflections about the way in which we identify motives. We identify motives not by introspection but by reference to lists of actions that persons, who act from a given motive, may be expected to perform in suitable circumstances. To function in a capitalist society I must perform the sorts of actions by reference to which we identify the desire for private gain as a active. (shrink)
- Is the Unexamined Life Not Worth Living?Richard Schmitt -2004 -Teaching Philosophy 27 (4):307-319.This paper examines the merits of the Socratic maxim that the unexamined life is not worth living. First, the maxim is considered in its purely subjective sense, viz., that a particular individual’s life is not worth living due to factors like intense pain or illness. Second, two objective interpretations of the maxim are considered: a “strongly objective sense” where failure to examine one’s life means that one is wasting it and a “moderately objective sense” where it is reasonable to recommend (...) that examining one’s life goals comes will come with a greater understanding of appreciation of said goals (with the caveat that other reasonable people may reject these goals as being worthwhile). After delineating the different senses in which the maxim can be understood, the author distinguishes two different varieties of self-examination and considers in what sense the Socratic maxim rings true and in what sense it exaggerates. (shrink)
- Toward a New Socialism.Anatole Anton &Richard Schmitt (eds.) -2006 - Lexington Books.The socialist project is burdened by a history of brutal failures. The authors of the papers collected in this volume are convinced that a democratic and humane socialism is both desirable and possible. They lay out their view of different aspects of this new socialism in this book. Anatole Anton and Richard Schmitt are both the editors and contributors to this book. -/- Select chapters translated into Spanish have appeared in a volume in Barcelona, Spain.
- Taking Socialism Seriously.Anatole Anton &Richard Schmitt (eds.) -2012 - Lexington Books.Capitalism is in crisis. Is a better world possible and what would it look like? Taking Socialism Seriously breaks important new paths for significant social change by examining detailed questions seriously that had previously been neglected.
- Reply to professor Van de pitte.Richard Schmitt -1984 -Metaphilosophy 15 (3-4):256-258.No categories
- Alienation and Class.Richard Schmitt -1985 -Human Studies 8 (4):397-401.No categoriesExport citation
Bookmark - Alienation and Class.Richard Schmitt -1983 - Schenkman Books.
- An introduction to social and political philosophy: a question-based approach.Richard Schmitt -2009 - Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.How to use this book -- Freedom : possession or process? -- The citizen and the government -- Property and rights -- Democracy -- Why is freedom important?
- A New Hypothesis About The Relations of Class, Race and Gender.Richard Schmitt -1988 -Social Theory and Practice 14 (3):345-365.
- But What If We Cannot Agree?Richard Schmitt -2020 -Radical Philosophy Review 23 (1):71-88.A central challenge common to democratic processes is the inability of citizens to reach agreement on any given matter. Most frequently these disagreements are settled by vote, victory going to the majority. But majority rule is a fairly recent technique. Traditionally decisions were made by some form of non-opposition. This paper describes several versions of that decision-making technique and then shows how mediation methods, also known as “ADR”, can replicate these traditional ways of overcoming disagreement. The paper argues that these (...) techniques are frequently superior to electoral methods of reaching agreement. (shrink)
- Commodification and the Limits of Liberal Equality.Richard Schmitt -2021 -Radical Philosophy Review 24 (1):123-125.
- Can Heidegger be understood?Richard Schmitt -1967 -Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 10 (1-4):53 – 73.Heidegger's writings are by many thought to be irretrievably obscure. This is not true of Sein und Zeit. In order to show this, I explain what Heidegger means by ?ontology?, ?preontological knowledge? and ?preontological mistake?. These explanations show that there is nothing in Heidegger's conception of his enterprise which makes it impossible that Sein und Zeit should be clear. Since the explanations require discussion of specific theses, I also show that Sein und Zeit is, at least in part, clear as (...) actually written. (shrink)
- Comment on Charles Mills.Richard Schmitt -2012 -Radical Philosophy Review 15 (2):331-336.
- Can the Alienated Make a Socialist Revolution? Reflections About the Prospects for Socialism.Richard Schmitt -2006 -Radical Philosophy Today 2006:175-194.Alienation is the name of the deformations of human personality produced by capitalism and, specifically, by wage labor. The alienated are powerless. That inhibits their self-esteem, and takes from them the direction of their own lives and the choice of their life values. They become passive bystanders to existence, distrustful of their fellows and motivated by the desire for gain. The alienated tend to be timid, morally indifferent, and ready to support great evil. Appearances are all that matters to them. (...) They are resentful, conservative. Alienation itself becomes invisible. It unfits those who work for a wage from being active in the movements for social change from capitalism to socialism. The transition to socialism appears to become well-nigh impossible. The force of this argument ismoderated by the fact that the conditions of wage labor are not uniform and alienation, and therefore are more severe for some workers than for others. (shrink)
- Democracy and Market Socialism.Richard Schmitt -1995 -Radical Philosophy Review of Books 11 (11):24-30.
- Heidegger’s Analysis of ‘Tool’.Richard Schmitt -1965 -The Monist 49 (1):70-86.Calls for a rapprochement between analytic philosophy and phenomenology have lately been issued in England and America. It is not altogether clear what such calls intend. No one, I suspect asks for an attempt to restate, say, Austin’s views on language in Heideggerian jargon. More likely the unspoken hope is that, on the contrary, someone would enable analytic philosophers to understand what Husserl and Heidegger and some of the other phenomenologists have to say. This requires nothing less than a translation (...) of these thinkers’ statements not only into a different natural language but into a different philosophical vocabulary. Translating German philosophical works into English is difficult. Translating Husserl’s or Heidegger’s views into a vocabulary acceptable to analytic philosophers is considerably more laborious. However arduous the task, translations from the vocabulary of Husserl or Heidegger into analytic jargon are possible. The present paper shows that they are, by discussing Heidegger’s distinction between ’vorhanden sein’ and ’zuhanden sein’ in reasonably plain English. (shrink)
- Hungarian Studies on Imre Lakatos.Richard Henry Schmitt -2007 -Tradition and Discovery 34 (2):51-53.
- Identifying ideology: Let no one cast the first stone . .Richard Schmitt -1991 -Social Epistemology 5 (3):197 – 205.No categories
- In Search of Phenomenology.Richard Schmitt -1962 -Review of Metaphysics 15 (3):450 - 479.The final two parts of the book survey the state of phenomenology in different parts of the globe today and attempt to characterize the main steps of the phenomenological method. In the back of the book there are two historical charts, a glossary, and an index of terms, as well as an index of names.
- Living With Evil.Richard Schmitt -2003 -Social Theory and Practice 29 (4):665-675.
- Marx's concept of alienation.Richard Schmitt -1996 -Topoi 15 (2):163-176.
- (1 other version)Martin Heidegger on being human.Richard Schmitt -1969 - New York,: Random House.Martin Heidegger's Sein und Zeit is one of the seminal works in philosophy of the 20th century. It is also a very cryptic work. Martin Heidegger on Being Human relates oracular claims in plain English and supplies arguments missing in Sein und Zeit to show that its claims are plausible.
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty, II.Richard Schmitt -1966 -Review of Metaphysics 19 (4):728 - 741.This extension of the critique is intimately connected with the problems raised by Structure. Toward the end of that book it appeared that, since materialism is false, nature, considered as a system of physical objects connected causally, in some sense, exists only "for us." But it is immediately obvious that we use "for us" in an unfamiliar sense, when we say that. It is not being claimed that nature exists only for us in the sense in which, for instance, philosophers (...) have said that secondary qualities exist only for us. The problem which Structure raised was precisely what new sense we could possibly give to "for us" and its correlative "in itself" so that we could make sense of the result of that earlier argument. Objectivism, as it is being attacked by Merleau-Ponty says that "for us" and "in itself" are only to be used in the familiar senses in which we say that events and objects exist in nature in themselves, independently of any human awareness and are, as such, described by true statements in science. This is an ontological thesis, for something is being asserted about what it means to exist. The objectivist maintains that the only sense in which anything may be said to exist is that of existing whether anyone is aware of that or not. True statements about existence in nature are said, by the objectivist, to be independent of any statements about the mental states of human beings. This dogma is extended to human beings when they are made the object of scientific study. The mental states of human beings, let alone their physical states, are truly described if the statements about them are true independently of statements about any other mental states of the same subject except those which are either causally or logically connected to the mental states under discussion. Similarly, statements about persons are true or false independently of statements about the observer's mental states. Persons and bodies are regarded as impersonal series of events, as "processus en troisième personne". (shrink)
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty, I.Richard Schmitt -1966 -Review of Metaphysics 19 (3):493-516.The author argues that merleau-Ponty's conception of his task as a philosopher changed between "the structure of behavior" (1942) and "the phenomenology of perception" (1945) and that the latter is accordingly written in a nonscientific style susceptible of misinterpretation. Focusing first on the earlier work, He examines terminological confusions and logical difficulties in merleau-Ponty's critique of realism, And argues that the central concept of form is scientifically useless and philosophically unnecessary. He then discusses merleau-Ponty's later views on language before considering (...) his rejection of objectivism and formulating the significant philosophical issues raised by his work. (staff). (shrink)
- Models, Their Application, and Scientific Anticipation: Ludwig Boltzmann’s Work as Tacit Knowing.Richard Henry Schmitt -2011 -Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 31 (3):200-205.Ludwig Boltzmann’s work in theoretical physics exhibits an approach to the construction of theory that he transmitted to the succeeding generation by example. It involved the construction of clear models, allowed more than one, and was not based solely on the existing facts, with the intent of examining and criticizing the assumptions that made each model work. This tacit program influenced physicists like Ehrenfest and Einstein and the philosopher Wittgenstein, suggesting ways that they used to make further advances.No categories
- On Knowing One's Own Body.Richard Schmitt -1971 -Analecta Husserliana 1:152.Export citation Bookmark
- Persons and Power.Richard Schmitt -1991 -Social Theory and Practice 17 (1):105-130.
- Reply to Torrance.Richard Schmitt -1974 -Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 17 (1-4):245 – 248.No categories
- Socialist Solidarity: How Can We Tell Whether It Is Possible?Richard Schmitt -2012 -Radical Philosophy Review 15 (1):259-273.The theme is socialist solidarity. Schmitt notes that efforts towards solidarity fail because we do not know how to put our ideals in practice. The example is taken from the early kibbutzim. The founders were clear about their socialist principles but did not know how to put those in practice in such simple situations as the distribution of clothing. Schmitt concludes from that example that efforts to build socialist solidarity are often impeded by our ignorance of concrete techniques and arrangements (...) needed for a solidary socialist society. (shrink)
- Teaching Alienation.Richard Schmitt -2012 -Teaching Philosophy Today:197-206.
- The Lives of Those Who Would Be Immortal [review of David Leavitt, The Indian Clerk: a Novel ].Richard Henry Schmitt -2007 -Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies 27 (2):272-279.In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:March 13, 2008 (7:35 pm) G:\WPData\TYPE2702\russell 27,2 054.wpd 272 Reviews 1 See Brian J.yL. Berry and Donald C. Dahmen, “Paul Wheatley, 1921–1999”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 91 (2001): 734–47. THE LIVES OF THOSE WHO WOULD BE IMMORTAL Richard Henry Schmitt U. of Chicago Chicago, il 60637, usa[email protected] David Leavitt. The Indian Clerk: a Novel. London: Bloomsbury, 2008; New York: Bloomsbury, 2007. Pp. 485. isbn 1-59691-040-2. (...) £16.99; us$24.95 (hb). From the start, this novel interested me for two reasons. First, it attempts to tell us the personal stories of two individuals who were working at the highest level in a very abstract Weld, namely G.yH. Hardy (1877–1947) and Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887–1920) during their collaboration on pure mathematics between spring 1914 and spring 1919. Obviously the same problems would arise in trying to tell the personal story of Bertrand Russell’s supervision of Ludwig Wittgenstein in mathematical logic, which occurred at Cambridge University in the years just before the start of the Great War. It is a great challenge to try to tie personal dynamics and abstract thought into a single coherent narrative. There are implications for the philosophy of mathematics and the history and sociology of science. So, of course, we have to ask: how does author David Leavitt rise to this challenge? Second, a more personal reason: Paul Wheatley1 told me shortly before his death that he thought this period at Cambridge represented the highest accom- March 13, 2008 (7:35 pm) G:\WPData\TYPE2702\russell 27,2 054.wpd Reviews 273 2 G.yH. Hardy, Ramanujan: Twelve Lectures on Subjects Suggested by His Life and Work (Cambridge: Cambridge U. P., 1940). Two lectures were presented at Harvard in 1936; the Wrst, a more personal recollection, was printed unchanged. The quote is from p. 2. The second lecture was expanded into the remaining published lectures, all considering speciWc mathematical topics. plishment possible for an academic institution: its fellows and masters had managed to attract and then recognize the genius of Ramanujan and Wittgenstein and to admit them to advanced studies without any real academic credentials. Wheatley had been the chair of the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago; so, he knew something about such matters, as he did about many things involving humans, human settlements, and their arrangement in the world. Incidentally, Wheatley himself appeared as a character, Battle, in Ravenstein, Saul Bellow’s roman à clef about Allan Bloom. So, to the extent that Cambridge University just before and during the Great War plays a role here, we want to learn as much as we can about the atmosphere of the place. The Indian Clerk is a historical novelz—zin this case naming actual names, elaborating what we know about real people and occasionally adding Wctional charactersz—zall centered on the extraordinary mathematical genius Ramanujan and his equally extraordinary importation from India to Cambridge. The story is told largely in the third person, by an omniscient narrator, but repeatedly we also have the inner voice of G.yH. Hardy: there are a number of chapters with the indication “New Lecture Hall, Harvard University”, dated 1936, in which Hardy speaks in the Wrst person. In these passages David Leavitt uses parts of the published lectures, along with G.yH. Hardy’s private thoughtsz—zas imagined by Leavittz—zabout this “one romantic incident in my life” and about other matters that still haunt him.2 The novel is thus in some sense more about G.yH. Hardy and his inner life than it is about Srinivasa Ramanujan. The triumph of the novel is its ability to reconstruct and convey in a lively manner the circumstances of the time, the look and smell of the place, the crosscurrents, dynamics, and dislocations of people during these years. Leavitt has woven together a great deal, from many diTerent realms: pre-war meetings of the Apostles, the high table, the pre-war mathematics tripos, the method of collaboration between Hardy and J.yE. Littlewood, Cambridge as military training grounds and as hospital for the wounded, vegetarian cookery, feminism, Hindu... (shrink)
- (1 other version)The Materialist Dialectic.Richard Schmitt -1988 -Science and Society 52 (4):441 - 456.
- The paradox in Kierkegaard's religiousness a.Richard Schmitt -1965 -Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 8 (1-4):118 – 135.To be religious in the sense which Kierkegaard calls ?religiousness A? involves one, according to him, in a paradox. If we take the terms in which he describes this paradox in ordinary senses, it is not clear what this paradox consists of. If we take the terms in a technical sense, the description of being religious involves a paradox. But the paradox is of such a nature that it is now logically impossible that anyone should be religious. If we attach (...) a slightly different meaning to Kierkegaard's terms, being religious is possible but does not involve a paradox. Also on this interpretation, religious conduct becomes indistinguishable from non?religious conduct. (shrink)
- Transcendental Phenomenology: Muddle or Mystery?Richard Schmitt -1971 -Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 2 (1):19-27.
- The Promise of Mediated Agreements.Richard Schmitt -2019 -Journal of Social Philosophy 50 (2):232-250.Journal of Social Philosophy, EarlyView.
- The Radical Philosophy Association.Richard Schmitt -1990 -Radical Philosophy Review of Books 1 (1):2-2.
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
Darrell P. Rowbottom
Aleksandra Samonek
Constantine Sandis
Howard Sankey
Jonathan Schaffer
Thomas Senor
Daniel Star
Jussi Suikkanen
Aness Kim Webster
Other editors
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