Common genetic variants in the CLDN2 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci alter risk for alcohol-related and sporadic pancreatitis.David C. Whitcomb,Jessica LaRusch,Alyssa M. Krasinskas,Lambertus Klei,Jill P. Smith,Randall E. Brand,John P. Neoptolemos,Markus M. Lerch,Matt Tector,Bimaljit S. Sandhu,Nalini M. Guda,Lidiya Orlichenko,Samer Alkaade,Stephen T. Amann,Michelle A. Anderson,John Baillie,Peter A. Banks,Darwin Conwell,Gregory A. Coté,Peter B. Cotton,James DiSario,Lindsay A. Farrer,Chris E. Forsmark,Marianne Johnstone,Timothy B. Gardner,Andres Gelrud,William Greenhalf,Jonathan L. Haines,Douglas J. Hartman,Robert A. Hawes,Christopher Lawrence,Michele Lewis,Julia Mayerle,RichardMayeux,Nadine M. Melhem,Mary E. Money,Thiruvengadam Muniraj,Georgios I. Papachristou,Margaret A. Pericak-Vance,Joseph Romagnuolo,Gerard D. Schellenberg,Stuart Sherman,Peter Simon,Vijay P. Singh,Adam Slivka,Donna Stolz,Robert Sutton,Frank Ulrich Weiss,C. Mel Wilcox,Narcis Octavian Zarnescu,Stephen R. Wisniewski,Michael R. O'Connell,Michelle L. Kienholz,Kathryn Roeder &M. Micha Barmada -unknowndetailsPancreatitis is a complex, progressively destructive inflammatory disorder. Alcohol was long thought to be the primary causative agent, but genetic contributions have been of interest since the discovery that rare PRSS1, CFTR and SPINK1 variants were associated with pancreatitis risk. We now report two associations at genome-wide significance identified and replicated at PRSS1-PRSS2 and X-linked CLDN2 through a two-stage genome-wide study. The PRSS1 variant likely affects disease susceptibility by altering expression of the primary trypsinogen gene. The CLDN2 risk allele is (...) associated with atypical localization of claudin-2 in pancreatic acinar cells. The homozygous CLDN2 genotype confers the greatest risk, and its alleles interact with alcohol consumption to amplify risk. These results could partially explain the high frequency of alcohol-related pancreatitis in men. © 2012 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. (shrink)
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Ethics, Accountability, and Recordkeeping in a Dangerous World.Richard J. Cox -2006 - Facet.detailsThis series provides a body of core texts relating to the twin fields of records management and archives. Each volume offers a a detailed and professionally written overview of one or more topics within these fields.
The Beginning of Western Philosophy: Interpretation of Anaximander and Parmenides.Richard Rojcewicz (ed.) -2015 - Bloomington: Indiana University Press.detailsVolume 35 of Heidegger’s Complete Works comprises a lecture course given at the University of Freiburg in 1932, five years after the publication of Being and Time. During this period, Heidegger was at the height of his creative powers, which are on full display in this clear and imaginative text. In it, Heidegger leads his students in a close reading of two of the earliest philosophical source documents, fragments by Greek thinkers Anaximander and Parmenides. Heidegger develops their common theme of (...) Being and non-being and shows that the question of Being is indeed the origin of Western philosophy. His engagement with these Greek texts is as much of a return to beginnings as it is a potential reawakening of philosophical wonder and inquiry in the present. (shrink)
The Philosophical Imagination: Selected Essays.Richard Moran -2017 - New York: Oup Usa.detailsThe Philosophical Imagination is a collection of essays ranging over a wide range of philosophical themes: from the emotional engagement with fictions, to the functioning of metaphor in poetry and in rhetoric, to the concept of beauty in Kant and in Proust, and the nature of the first-person perspective in thought and action.
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Moral disagreement.Richard Rowland -2021 - New York City: Routledge.detailsWidespread disagreement about moral issues is a prominent aspect of contemporary pluralistic societies. Surveys indicate that in the United States opinion is split close to 50/50 on the morality of abortion, the death penalty, same-sex relationships, and physician-assisted suicide. It is also a subject with a long philosophical history, going back to Plato and Aristotle and drives contemporary debates about moral relativism, scepticism and objectivity. Should we be concerned about the extent of moral disagreement? What causes it? What are the (...) onsequence of moral disagreement? In this thorough and clearly written introduction to the philosophy of moral disagreement and its philosophical and political implicationsRichard Rowland examines and assesses the following topics and questions: Relativism and moral disagreement Moral realism Peer disagreement, moral knowledge and the problem of conciliationism Non-cognitivism and moral disagreement Moral uncertainty Moral disagreement and coercion New directions. Combining clear philosophical analysis with summaries of the latest research and including chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary, Moral Disagreement is ideal for students of ethics, metaethics and political philosophy as well as philosophical topics that are closely related such as relativism, scepticism and objectivity. It will also be of interest to those in related disciplines such as political philosophy, ethics and public policy and philosophy of law. (shrink)
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What is Special About the Human Brain?Richard Passingham -2008 - Oxford University Press.detailsThe mental gap between man and ape is immense. As the brain is the organ of the mind, we must assume that throughout evolution there were changes in the brain that created this gap. This book is a search for those changes. Written in a lively style, the book is a far-reaching andrexciting quest for those things that make humans unique.
The invisible century: Einstein, Freud, and the search for hidden universes.Richard Panek -2004 - New York: Fourth Estate.detailsThough they met just once, and even then didn’t know what to make of each other’s work, Einstein and Freud had more in common than they might have imagined. Each ran out of evidence using the traditional scientific methods that had worked well since the dawn of the scientific revolution and each adopted new scientific methods that opened up unprecedented intellectual landscapes—relativity in Einstein’s case, the unconscious in Freud’s. In this brilliant, elegant book, renowned science writerRichard Panek traces (...) the creation of two new sciences—cosmology and psychoanalysis—that have allowed us for more than a hundred years to explore previously unimaginable universes without and within. Like a nonfiction version of Einstein’s Dreams , Panek’s The Invisible Century is a story of a revolution in thought that altered not only what or how much we see, but also the very nature of seeing. (shrink)
Playing Fair: Political Obligation and the Problems of Punishment.Richard Dagger -2018 - Oup Usa.detailsIn Playing Fair,Richard Dagger provides a unified theory of political obligation and the justification of punishment that takes its bearings from the principle of fair play. Dagger argues that members of a just polity have an obligation to obey its laws because they have an obligation of reciprocity or fair play to one another.
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Departing from Frege: essays in the philosophy of language.Richard Mark Sainsbury -2002 - New York: Routledge.detailsThis text argues that we must depart considerably from Frege's own views if we are to work towards an adequate conception of natural language.
The powers of evil in Western religion, magic and folk belief.Richard Cavendish -1975 - London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.detailsCHAPTER ONE In the Beginning Generation after generation of men have looked out on the world and found much evil in it, and have looked within themselves ...
The right way to live: Plato's Republic for Catholic students.Richard Geraghty -2021 - St. Louis, MO: En Route Books & Media, LLC..detailsPlato's philosophical dialogues provide a solid understanding of Catholic moral principles. Geraghty shows within the pages of this short book how the truths of the old sage are both delightfully and challengingly perennial.