A Multicenter Weighted Lottery to Equitably Allocate Scarce COVID-19 Therapeutics.D. B. White,E. K. McCreary,C. H. Chang,M. Schmidhofer,J. R. Bariola,N. N. Jonassaint,Parag A.Pathak,G. Persad,R. D. Truog,T. Sonmez &M. Utku Unver -2022 -American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 206 (4):503–506.detailsShortages of new therapeutics to treat coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have forced clinicians, public health officials, and health systems to grapple with difficult questions about how to fairly allocate potentially life-saving treatments when there are not enough for all patients in need (1). Shortages have occurred with remdesivir, tocilizumab, monoclonal antibodies, and the oral antiviral Paxlovid (2) -/- Ensuring equitable allocation is especially important in light of the disproportionate burden experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic by disadvantaged groups, including Black, Hispanic/Latino and (...) Indigenous communities, individuals with certain disabilities, and low-income persons. However, many health systems have resorted to first-come, first-served approaches to allocation, which tend to disadvantage individuals with barriers in access to care (3). There is mounting evidence of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in access to medications for COVID-19 (4, 5). -/- One potential method to promote equitable allocation is to use a weighted lottery, which is an allocation strategy that gives all eligible patients a chance to receive the scarce treatment while also allowing the assignment of higher or lower chances according to other ethical considerations (6). We sought to assess the feasibility of implementing a weighted lottery to allocate scarce COVID-19 medications in a large U.S. health system and to determine whether the weighted lottery promotes equitable allocation. (shrink)
Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Optogenetics, Ethical Issues Affecting DBS Research, Neuromodulatory Approaches for Depression, Adaptive Neurostimulation, and Emerging DBS Technologies.Vinata Vedam-Mai,Karl Deisseroth,James Giordano,Gabriel Lazaro-Munoz,Winston Chiong,Nanthia Suthana,Jean-Philippe Langevin,Jay Gill,Wayne Goodman,Nicole R. Provenza,Casey H. Halpern,Rajat S. Shivacharan,Tricia N. Cunningham,Sameer A. Sheth,Nader Pouratian,Katherine W. Scangos,Helen S. Mayberg,Andreas Horn,Kara A. Johnson,Christopher R. Butson,Ro’ee Gilron,Coralie de Hemptinne,Robert Wilt,Maria Yaroshinsky,Simon Little,Philip Starr,Greg Worrell,Prasad Shirvalkar,Edward Chang,Jens Volkmann,Muthuraman Muthuraman,Sergiu Groppa,Andrea A. Kühn,Luming Li,Matthew Johnson,Kevin J. Otto,Robert Raike,Steve Goetz,Chengyuan Wu,Peter Silburn,Binith Cheeran,Yagna J.Pathak,Mahsa Malekmohammadi,Aysegul Gunduz,Joshua K. Wong,Stephanie Cernera,Aparna Wagle Shukla,Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora,Wissam Deeb,Addie Patterson,Kelly D. Foote &Michael S. Okun -2021 -Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15:644593.detailsWe estimate that 208,000 deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices have been implanted to address neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders worldwide. DBS Think Tank presenters pooled data and determined that DBS expanded in its scope and has been applied to multiple brain disorders in an effort to modulate neural circuitry. The DBS Think Tank was founded in 2012 providing a space where clinicians, engineers, researchers from industry and academia discuss current and emerging DBS technologies and logistical and ethical issues facing the field. (...) The emphasis is on cutting edge research and collaboration aimed to advance the DBS field. The Eighth Annual DBS Think Tank was held virtually on September 1 and 2, 2020 (Zoom Video Communications) due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The meeting focused on advances in: (1) optogenetics as a tool for comprehending neurobiology of diseases and on optogenetically-inspired DBS, (2) cutting edge of emerging DBS technologies, (3) ethical issues affecting DBS research and access to care, (4) neuromodulatory approaches for depression, (5) advancing novel hardware, software and imaging methodologies, (6) use of neurophysiological signals in adaptive neurostimulation, and (7) use of more advanced technologies to improve DBS clinical outcomes. There were 178 attendees who participated in a DBS Think Tank survey, which revealed the expansion of DBS into several indications such as obesity, post-traumatic stress disorder, addiction and Alzheimer’s disease. This proceedings summarizes the advances discussed at the Eighth Annual DBS Think Tank. (shrink)
R. K. Merton's concepts of function and functionalism.Hugh R. K. Lehman -1966 -Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 9 (1-4):274 – 283.detailsIn this paper an attempt is made to provide an analysis of the meaning of the term function and related terms as they are used by R. K. Merton in the first chapter of his book Social Theory and Social Structure. Several problems are suggested which must be solved if statements about functions are to be considered scientifically adequate. Secondly the term functionalism is defined and several of Merton's functionalist explanations of social phenomena are stated and criticized.
The whole being: a journey towards harmony and happiness.R. K. Mishra -2011 - New Delhi: Rupa Publications India in association with Brahma Vidya Kendra.detailsSection 1. Prologue -- section 2. The whole being -- section 3. Engaging with wholeness -- section 4. Wholeness in Kashmiri Shaivism -- section 5. The Buddhist perspective -- section 6. Wholeness in the modern world -- section 7. The workings of wholeness in our world -- section 8. Epilogue.
John Bowring and Unitarianism*: R. K. Webb.R. K. Webb -1992 -Utilitas 4 (1):43-79.detailsFor those to whom John Bowring's name means anything, the most likely association with it is the complex and question-begging term ‘Benthamite’. Contemporaries certainly used the term, particularly when they wanted to suggest that his actions were narrowly ideological or theoretical. But to some of Bowring's contemporaries another association served hostile intent almost as well: his Unitarianism.
Versions of creativity.R. K. Elliott -1971 -Journal of Philosophy of Education 5 (2):139–152.detailsR K Elliott; Versions of Creativity, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 5, Issue 2, 30 May 2006, Pages 139–152, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.1971.
Discriminatively trained continuous Hindi speech recognition using integrated acoustic features and recurrent neural network language modeling.R. K. Aggarwal &A. Kumar -2020 -Journal of Intelligent Systems 30 (1):165-179.detailsThis paper implements the continuous Hindi Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system using the proposed integrated features vector with Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based Language Modeling (LM). The proposed system also implements the speaker adaptation using Maximum-Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR) and Constrained Maximum likelihood Linear Regression (C-MLLR). This system is discriminatively trained by Maximum Mutual Information (MMI) and Minimum Phone Error (MPE) techniques with 256 Gaussian mixture per Hidden Markov Model(HMM) state. The training of the baseline system has been done using (...) a phonetically rich Hindi dataset. The results show that discriminative training enhances the baseline system performance by up to 3%. Further improvement of ~7% has been recorded by applying RNN LM. The proposed Hindi ASR system shows significant performance improvement over other current state-of-the-art techniques. (shrink)
No categories