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  1.  69
    Scientific Breeding in Central Europe during the Early Nineteenth Century: Background to Mendel’s Later Work.Roger J. Wood &Vítězslav Orel -2005 -Journal of the History of Biology 38 (2):239-272.
    Efforts to bring science into early 19th century breeding practices in Central Europe, organised from Brno, the Hapsburg city in which Mendel would later turn breeding experiments into a body of timeless theory, are here considered as a significant prelude to the great discovery. During those years prior to Mendel's arrival in Brno, enlightened breeders were seeking ways to regulate the process of heredity, which they viewed as a force to be controlled. Many were specialising in sheep breeding for the (...) benefit of the local wool industry while others were showing an interest in commercial plants, especially fruit trees and vines, and later cereals. Breeders explained their problems in regulating heredity in terms of climatic influences disruption due to crossing sports or saltations. Practical experience led them to the concepts of 'inheritance capacity' and the 'mutual elective affinity' of parents. The former was seen to differ among individuals and also among traits; the latter was proposed as a means of adding strength to heredity. The breeders came to recognise that traits might be hidden and yet transmitted as a 'potential' to future generations. They also grew to understand that heredity would be strengthened when a quality was 'fixed' within a lineage by 'pure blood relations.' Continued selection of the desired quality might then lead to 'a higher perfection.' But the ultimate 'physiological' question about breeding, 'what is inherited and how?,' found no answer. Major figures in this development included Abbot Napp, the one who asked this question and who was due to receive Mendel into the monastery in 1843, and Professor Diebl whose lectures on agriculture and natural science at the Brno Philosophical Institute Mendel would attend in 1846. Here we analyse their progress in theorizing about breeding up until about 1840. In discussing this development, we refer to certain international contacts, especially with respect to information transfer and scientific education, within the wider context of the late Enlightenment. (shrink)
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  2.  55
    Editorial: Dynamic Personality Science. Integrating between-Person Stability and within-Person Change.Nadin Beckmann &Robert E. Wood -2017 -Frontiers in Psychology 8.
  3.  13
    Martin Buber's ontology.Robert E. Wood -1969 - Evanston,: Northwestern University Press.
    At the turn of the century Martin Buber arrived on the philosophic scene... The path to his maturity was one long struggle with the problem of unity- in particular with the problem of the unity of spirit and life; and he saw the problem itself to be rooted in the supposition of the primacy of the subject-object relation, with subjects "over here," objects "over there," and their relation a matter of subjects "taking in" objects or, alternatively, constituting them. But Buber (...) moved into a position which undercuts the subject-object dichotomy and initiates a second "Copernican revolution" in philosophical thought. (shrink)
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  4.  14
    Ockham on the Virtues. William &Rega Wood -1997 - Purdue University Press.
    One of the world's great philosophers, William of Ockham's On the Connection of the Virtues (De connexione virtutum) provides insightful perspectives on ordinary issues of human conduct. Written in reasonably simple and nontechnical language, it is translated into English here for the first time. Ockham's views on many subjects have been misunderstood, his views on ethics as much as any. This book is designed to avoid some pitfalls that arise in reading medieval philosophy generally and Ockham in particular. Wood begins (...) her introduction with an account of what is known about Ockham's life and works and with a discussion of his place in the history of philosophy, followed by a brief general guide to his views. Finally, there is a historical account of the medieval debate on the connection of the virtues, to which Ockham's treatise is an important contribution. Problems of interpretation are addressed in the commentary, which follows the translation. Translation, commentary, and introduction provide students of Ockham's treatise with what they need to appreciate his stance on ethical issues and to approach his arguments critically. (shrink)
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  5.  64
    Hegel.Robert E. Wood -2012 -Epoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy 16 (2):337-349.
    Misunderstandings of Hegel have several roots: one is the intrinsic difficulty of his highly technical and interrelated conceptual sets, another is ideological opponents who consequently take statements out of context, and a third is following those of high stature who pass on the misunderstandings. Typical misunderstandings concern freedom and necessity, slavery, that status of the individual, God and the State, facts measuring up to concepts, the relation of rationality and actuality, the status of passion, and, above all, the nature of (...) absolute knowing. Resituating these notions within the whole of the System shows the one-sidedness of typical misunderstandings and opens the way toward appropriation. (shrink)
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  6. co-authors. 2007. Cilmate models and their evaluation.D. A. Randall,R. A. Wood,S. Bony,R. Colman &T. Fichefet -2007 - In S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller,Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.
     
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  7.  111
    Dialectical Interactions: Decoupling and Integrating Ethics in Ethics Initiatives.Spoma Jovanovic &Roy V. Wood -2007 -Business Ethics Quarterly 17 (2):217-238.
    ABSTRACT:Evidence abounds that when ethics initiatives are decoupled from the actual work of organizations, ethics policies may become little more than “window dressing” (Weaver, Trevino, and Cochran 1999; Collen and Gonella 2002). We found, however, an unexpected, positive feature of decoupling in the study of a local government; namely, when organizational members engage in discussions that turn away from the letter of an ethics code they often do so to address higher ethical principles embedded in the spirit of the code. (...) The decoupled understanding of the code in these cases becomes a symbolic, legitimating gesture grounded not in strict provisions but in creative and complex interactions. This counterintuitive explanation of decoupling capitalizes on discourse that evolves from a legalistic interpretation to rich discussions that value the multiplicity of voices within organizational life. What follows is that ethical decision making emerges as creative, dynamic, and responsive to its constituents. (shrink)
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  8.  122
    Aplasic phantoms and the mirror neuron system: An enactive, developmental perspective.Rachel Wood &Susan A. J. Stuart -2009 -Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 8 (4):487-504.
    Phantom limb experiences demonstrate an unexpected degree of fragility inherent in our self-perceptions. This is perhaps most extreme when congenitally absent limbs are experienced as phantoms. Aplasic phantoms highlight fundamental questions about the physiological bases of self-experience and the ontogeny of a physical, embodied sense of the self. Some of the most intriguing of these questions concern the role of mirror neurons in supporting the development of self–other mappings and hence the emergence of phantom experiences of congenitally absent limbs. In (...) this paper, we will examine the hypothesis that aplasic phantom limb experience is the result of an ontogenetic interplay between body schemas and mirror neuron activity and that this interplay is founded on embedding in a social context. Phantom limb experience has been associated with the persistence of subjective experience of a part of the body after deafferentation through surgical or traumatic removal. We maintain that limited association is inconsistent with the extent to which phantom limb experience is reported by aplasic individuals. (shrink)
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  9.  47
    Trends in the perceived complexity of primary health care: a secondary analysis.David Katerndahl,Michael Parchman &Robert Wood -2010 -Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 16 (5):1002-1008.
  10.  96
    Walter of Burley: His Life and Works.Jennifer Ottman &Rega Wood -1999 -Vivarium 37 (1):1-23.
  11.  17
    Studies on Walter Burley 1968-1988.R. Wood -1988 -Bulletin de Philosophie Medievale 30:233-250.
  12.  109
    John Duns Scotus: metaphysics and ethics.Ludger Honnefelder,Rega Wood &Mechthild Dreyer (eds.) -1996 - New York: E.J. Brill.
  13.  2
    Lectura Secunda in Librum Primum Sententiarum.Adam Wodeham,Gedeon Gál &Rega Wood -1990 - Franciscan Institute, St. Bonaventure University.
  14.  45
    Richard Brinkley and His "Summa Logicae".Gedeon Gál &Rega Wood -1980 -Franciscan Studies 40 (1):59-101.
  15.  13
    Adam of Wodeham.Rega Wood -2003 - In Jorge J. E. Gracia & Timothy B. Noone,A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 77–85.
    This chapter contains sections titled: The Norwich Lectures The Oxford Lectures Lost works by Wodeham Conclusion Note.
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  16.  65
    Cognition‐Enhanced Machine Learning for Better Predictions with Limited Data.Florian Sense,Ryan Wood,Michael G. Collins,Joshua Fiechter,Aihua Wood,Michael Krusmark,Tiffany Jastrzembski &Christopher W. Myers -2022 -Topics in Cognitive Science 14 (4):739-755.
    The fields of machine learning (ML) and cognitive science have developed complementary approaches to computationally modeling human behavior. ML's primary concern is maximizing prediction accuracy; cognitive science's primary concern is explaining the underlying mechanisms. Cross-talk between these disciplines is limited, likely because the tasks and goals usually differ. The domain of e-learning and knowledge acquisition constitutes a fruitful intersection for the two fields’ methodologies to be integrated because accurately tracking learning and forgetting over time and predicting future performance based on (...) learning histories are central to developing effective, personalized learning tools. Here, we show how a state-of-the-art ML model can be enhanced by incorporating insights from a cognitive model of human memory. This was done by exploiting the predictive performance equation's (PPE) narrow but highly specialized domain knowledge with regard to the temporal dynamics of learning and forgetting. Specifically, the PPE was used to engineer timing-related input features for a gradient-boosted decision trees (GBDT) model. The resulting PPE-enhanced GBDT outperformed the default GBDT, especially under conditions in which limited data were available for training. Results suggest that integrating cognitive and ML models could be particularly productive if the available data are too high-dimensional to be explained by a cognitive model but not sufficiently large to effectively train a modern ML algorithm. Here, the cognitive model's insights pertaining to only one aspect of the data were enough to jump-start the ML model's ability to make predictions—a finding that holds promise for future explorations. (shrink)
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  17.  8
    Placing Aesthetics: Reflections on Philosophic Tradition.Robert E. Wood -1999 - Ohio University Press.
    Examining select high points in the speculative tradition from Plato and Aristotle through the Middle Ages and German tradition to Dewey and Heidegger, _Placing Aesthetics_ seeks to locate the aesthetic concern within the larger framework of each thinker's philosophy. In Professor Robert Wood's study, aesthetics is not peripheral but rather central to the speculative tradition and to human existence as such. In Dewey's terms, aesthetics is “experience in its integrity.” Its personal ground is in “the heart,” which is the dispositional (...) ground formed by genetic, cultural, and personal historical factors by which we are spontaneously moved and, in turn, are inclined to move, both practically and theoretically, in certain directions. Prepared for use by the student as well as the philosopher, _Placing Aesthetics_ aims to recover the fullness of humanness within a sense of the fullness of encompassing Being. It attempts to overcome the splitting of thought, even in philosophy, into exclusive specializations and the fracturing of life itself into theoretical, practical, and emotive dimensions. (shrink)
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  18.  50
    Is To Will It as Bad as To Do It?: The Fourteenth Century Debate.Marilyn McCord Adams &Rega Wood -1981 -Franciscan Studies 41 (1):5-60.
  19.  52
    Speaking from the bedrock of ethics.Spoma Jovanic &Roy V. Wood -2004 -Philosophy and Rhetoric 37 (4):317-334.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Philosophy and Rhetoric 37.4 (2004) 317-334 [Access article in PDF] Speaking from the Bedrock of Ethics Spoma Jovanovic Department of Communication University of North Carolina, Greensboro Roy V. Wood Human Communication Studies University of Denver In a moment familiar to many of us, one of the authors of this piece attended a philosophical meeting on the topic of Emmanuel Levinas. "So, you are in communication studies," said a philosopher (...) during a break. "Why would a speech person be interested in Levinas?"This paper probes the place of speech in Levinasian ethics. We hope to show that when philosopher Emmanuel Levinas rested his compelling life project on ethics, he said something new about the act of speaking itself. First, for Levinas, speaking begins with the imperative issued by the presence or face of the other. He calls that issuance the saying. Antecedent to words, the saying is the commitment of an approach to the other, the move to response, the signifying of signification. Second, the saying moves into language where it is subordinated to the said. It is in the coordination of the saying and the said that ethics shows itself or is betrayed. Although the saying is perhaps overwhelmed by the said, it remains present even in absence. Third, for Levinas we can sense the ineffable, yet present, call to responsibility in the trace. The trace, and here Levinas brings God to mind, reveals the saying, and is communicated in the face.1 The face, the saying, and the trace are where the Levinasian responsibility of the one for the other takes form. They are the home of ethics.2By paying close attention to the responsibility invoked by the face, heeded in the saying, and reminisced in the trace, Levinas defines ethics as the condition of dialogue. Later, he says that ethics allows us to pursue peace even if, or after, dialogue fails. It is in ethics that we learn that we can stand by unsolvable problems—attentive and vigilant, in dialogue (Levinas 1999a).Taken together, these ideas of the face of the other, the saying, and the trace provide the basis of ethics that is constituted in and constitutes communication. [End Page 317]Our effort here is to explore the bedrock of ethics in speech. We will do so by drawing on examples of care, rescue, and sacrifice that surfaced during the tragedy of September 11, 2001, and the days that followed. Within the context of that terrible attack, scores of eyewitnesses gave accounts of the ways that people responded to the needs of others. We argue that the ethical imperative to respond conditions every rhetorical situation and that is no more clearly seen than in times of crisis. Recognizing this ethical imperative demands that scholars examine more than words and gestures. The act of speaking itself is for Levinas at the heart of human ethics. Through this philosophical lens communication ethics not only applies to rhetorical situations but also goes forth, or does not go forth, as communicative action itself. So ethics is at the bedrock of communication and communication is at the heart of ethics. In the end we will ask, "Why would a philosopher not be interested in speech?" Ethics in communication For Levinas, ethics is metaphysical.3 Ethics does not emanate from the self as an ontological dimension, or from some predetermined epistemological principles. Levinas instead claims that the other is the basis of ethics. In sociality, we find ourselves responsible to respond to the call of the other, not as an ontological choice but rather as the recognition that ethics is otherwise than being.4 The demand issued by the other is felt corporeally. It is, if you will, an ethical impulse or compulsion that disrupts, calling the self into a dialogical encounter.Levinas asks us to concentrate not on what we can know or contain of the "Other—the move toward totality, but to contemplate that which always exceeds our grasp—the move toward infinity.... Ethics is a relationship of responsibility for the Other. But this relationship is initiated by the Other, by... (shrink)
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  20.  27
    Crathorn Versus Ockham.Rega Wood -1989 -Franciscan Studies 49 (1):347-353.
  21.  26
    Darbishire expands his vision of heredity from Mendelian genetics to inherited memory.Roger J. Wood -2015 -Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 53 (C):16-39.
  22.  28
    Distinct Ideas and Perfect Solicitude: Alexander of Hales, Richard Rufus, and Odo Rigaldus.Rega Wood -1993 -Franciscan Studies 53 (1):7-31.
  23. Individual forms: Richard Rufus and John Duns Scotus.Rega Wood -1996 - In Ludger Honnefelder, Rega Wood & Mechthild Dreyer,John Duns Scotus: metaphysics and ethics. New York: E.J. Brill. pp. 251--72.
  24.  81
    Roger Bacon: Richard Rufus' successor as a Parisian physics professor.Rega Wood -1997 -Vivarium 35 (2):222-250.
  25.  25
    Sex Differences in Answers to English Language Comprehension Items.R. Wood -1978 -Educational Studies 4 (2):157-165.
  26.  70
    The dialogical principle and the mystery of being.Robert E. Wood -1999 -International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 45 (2):83-97.
  27.  49
    The heart in Heidegger’s thought.Robert E. Wood -2015 -Continental Philosophy Review 48 (4):445-462.
    The notion of the heart is one of the most basic notions in ordinary language. It is central to Heidegger’s notion of thought that he relates to the primordial word Gedanc as underlying attunement that issues forth in emotional phenomena. He plays with all the etymological cognates of that word to zero in on the phenomena involved. The key experience of Erstaunen that grounds the first beginning of philosophy is paralleled by Erschrecken that grounds Heidegger’s “second beginning” and plays counterpoint (...) with the first. Along with Befindlichkeit as one’s basic attunement, these are key phenomena that belong to the heart, not to ‘intellect’ or ‘will.’ Thinking in terms of the intellect is das rechnende Denken¸ thinking in terms of the heart, besinnliche Nachdenken. It is the latter that provides the “poetic-intellectual” experience for both the arts and philosophy in which such “world space” is created that even the ordinary appears extraordinary. (shrink)
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  28.  19
    The 'Haunted Swing' illusion.R. W. Wood -1895 -Psychological Review 2 (3):277-278.
  29.  20
    Walter Burley's Physics Commentaries.Rega Wood -1984 -Franciscan Studies 44 (1):275-327.
  30.  125
    Conflict and Convergence on Fundamental Matters in C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien.Ralph C. Wood -2003 -Renascence 55 (4):315-338.
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  31. Strategic thinking and the new science (Book review).B. Abell,R. Serra &R. Wood -1999 -Emergence: Complexity and Organization 1 (2):71-79.
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  32. Person, Being, and History: Essays in Honor of Kenneth L. Schmitz.Michael Bauer &Robert Wood (eds.) -2011
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  33. Women families and the future. Sexual relationships and marriage worldwide.[Fact sheet].V. K. Burbank,C. Williamson,S. Engelbrecht,M. Lambrick,E. J. van Rensburg,R. Wood,W. Bredell,A. L. Williamson,D. J. Barthlow &P. F. Horan -1995 -Ethos: Journal of the Society for Psychological Anthropology 23 (1):33-46.
     
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  34. Brevis Summa libri Physicorum, Summula Philosophiae Naturalis et Quaestiones in libros Physicorum Aristotelis — Expositio in libros Physicorum Aristotelis. Prologus et Libri I-III Libri IV-VIII.Guillelmi de Ockham,Stephanus Brown,Vladimirus Richter,Gerhardus Leibold,R. Wood &R. Green -1989 -Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 51 (1):134-135.
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  35.  25
    Quaestiones in Librum Secundum Sententiarum .Quaestiones in Librum Tertium Sententiarum.Guillelmi de Ockham,Rega Wood,Frank E. Kelly &Girard J. Etzkorn -1986 -Philosophical Review 95 (3):474-480.
  36. Lectura secunda in librum primum Sententiarum.Adam de Wodeham &Rega Wood -1993 -Synthese 96 (1):155-159.
  37.  41
    Lectura Secunda, vols. 1-3.Adam de Wodeham,Rega Wood &Gedeon Gal -1993 -Philosophical Review 102 (4):588-594.
  38.  44
    Speculum animae: Richard Rufus on Perception and Cognition.Matthew Etchemendy &Rega Wood -2011 -Franciscan Studies 69:53-115.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:“Garrulus sum et loquax et expedire nescio. Diu te tenui in istis, sed de cetero procedam.” These are the words of Richard Rufus of Cornwall, a thirteenth-century Scholastic and lecturer at the Universities of Paris and Oxford. Rufus is apologizing to his readers: “I am garrulous and loquacious, and I don’t know how to be efficient. I have detained you with these things a long while, but let me (...) now proceed to another topic.” This apology introduces the third part of the Speculum animae, a preliminary modern edition of which we publish here. In this short treatise, Rufus presents a unique Aristotelian theory of perception, describes what is and is not intelligible, and finally proves to his own satisfaction the immortality of the rational soul. To us this would hardly seem the place to apologize for being long-winded; indeed, we might wonder how Rufus could accomplish such an ambitious task in such a short treatise. We would certainly not accuse him of excessive verbosity. But Rufus was a man of exceptional humility, who once referred to himself as the least of the lesser thinkers of his time.1Despite Rufus’s humility, he was no minor figure in the development of Scholastic philosophy. A teacher at the Universities of Paris and Oxford ,2 he is the author of the earliest known, surviving lectures on several of Aristotle’s major texts, including the Metaphysics, the Physics, De generatione et corruptione, and De anima3 . In fact, Rufus was one of the very first lecturers to teach the libri naturales at Paris after a ban on such instruction was effectively lifted in 1231 A.D. His works were influential not only among his contemporaries, but also among later authors, particularly John Duns Scotus. Roger Bacon, though a harsh critic of Rufus, acknowledged Rufus’s influence and fame decades after his death, albeit among what Bacon termed the “vulgar multitude.”4The Speculum animae is one of Rufus’s later works. He begins the treatise by posing the following question: “In what way is the soul all things?” This refers, of course, to a familiar doctrine Aristotle establishes in the De anima—that the soul is, in some way, all things —and Rufus is here seeking to clarify it. But this is, in fact, only the first of five questions addressed in the Speculum. The five questions Rufus posits and answers in this treatise are, in order:1. In what manner is the soul all things?2. In what manner do a sensible and the sense, or an intelligible and the possible intellect, become one?3. What is predicated and of what is it predicated?4. What is intelligible?5. What is the cause of the immortality of the soul?In this short work, therefore, Rufus addresses apparently diverse topics including perception, understanding, logic, and the nature of the soul. But, in fact, the Speculum is principally a summary of Rufus’s theory of human perception and understanding. Like other medieval theories of perception and understanding, Rufus’s theory centers around the notion of species, a kind of form that is received in the soul when a person senses something or grasps something intellectually.5 In this, and in other aspects of the theory, Rufus was heavily dependent on Aristotle and St. Augustine. Rufus was working in a philosophical tradition based on Aristotle’s categories that had been accepted for centuries in the West. But in his lifetime, the Aristotelian corpus was enlarged to include Aristotle’s psychology and more generally his natural philosophy and metaphysics, together with the commentaries of Averroës . As is well known, this philosophical tradition was respected and continued not just by Rufus but by many authors after his time.So what makes Rufus’s theory.. (shrink)
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  39.  18
    Speculum animae: Richard Rufus on Perception. Speculum animae: critical edition.Matthew Etchemendy &Rega Wood -2011 -Franciscan Studies 69:53-140.
  40.  41
    Being Human and the Question of Being.Robert E. Wood -2009 -Modern Schoolman 86 (1):53-66.
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  41.  10
    The Testing of Reading in LEAs: the Bullock Report seven years on.Caroline Gipps &Robert Wood -1981 -Educational Studies 7 (2):133-143.
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  42.  39
    Foreword.Gedeon Gál,Girard J. Etzkorn,Francis E. Kelley,Rega Wood &Romuald Green -1986 -Franciscan Studies 46 (1):V-VIII.
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  43.  49
    The Ockham Edition: William of Ockham's Opera Philosophica et Theologica.O. F. M. Gál &Rega Wood -1991 -Franciscan Studies 51 (1):83-101.
  44. Brill Online Books and Journals.Jeremiah Hackett,Costantino Marmo,Cecilia Trifogli,Silvia Donati,Rega Wood,Timothy B. Noone &James R. Long -1997 -Vivarium 35 (2).
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  45.  5
    Introduction.Nicholas Hayes-Mota,Erin Brigham &Richard L. Wood -2024 -Journal of Catholic Social Thought 21 (2):201-206.
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  46.  12
    Richard Rufus of Cornwall: In Aristotelis de Generatione Et Corruptione.Neil Lewis &Rega Wood (eds.) -2011 - Oup/British Academy.
    One of the first to teach the new Aristotle, Richard Rufus of Cornwall here presents exciting accounts of divisibility, growth, and Aristotelian mixture which transform our understanding of the introduction of Aristotelian natural philosophy to the West and provide insight into the early history and prehistory of chemistry.
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  47.  23
    The Future of Metaphysics.David Mielke &Robert E. Wood -1972 -Philosophy East and West 22 (2):236.
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  48.  118
    (2 other versions)Richard Rufus’s De anima Commentary.Rega Wood -2001 -Journal of Nietzsche Studies 10 (1):119-156.
    Richard Rufus of Cornwall was educated as a philosopher at Paris where he was a master of arts. 1 In 1238, after lecturing on Aristotle’s librinaturales, Rufus became a Franciscan and moved to Oxford to study theology, becoming the Franciscan master of theology in about 1256 and probably dying not long after 1259. 2.
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  49.  80
    The Earliest Known Surviving Western Medieval Metaphysics Commentary.Rega Wood -1998 -Journal of Nietzsche Studies 7 (1):39-49.
    Erfurt Quarto 290 includes two commentaries on Aristotle40, 1 chiefly on the basis of a thirteenth-century ascription to Richard Rufus, deciphered by Fr. Leonard Boyle; the aim of this essay is to show that the author of the commentary on folios 4640, the Scriptum, but that seems misleading since Noone also claims that what we have is a record preserved by its auditors, a reportatio. And in medieval scholarly practice, a reportatio is distinguished from a scriptum, which is a written (...) version corrected by the author and meant for publication. In order not to prejudice the question whether this commentary is reportatio or a scriptum, we will call it the DissertatioinMetaphysicamAristotelis, taking the term from the workPlacetnobisnuncparumperdissereredequadampropositionequamdicitAristotelesin56 probably dates from around 1235, but the basis for that claim will be stated at the end of this paper. (shrink)
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  50.  19
    The Befuddled Hedgehog.Richard Wood -1987 -Philosophical Investigations 10 (3):173-199.
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