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- Forgetting of Foreign‐Language Skills: A Corpus‐Based Analysis of Online Tutoring Software.Ridgeway Karl,C. Mozer Michael &R.BowlesAnita -2017 -Cognitive Science 41 (4):924-949.We explore the nature of forgetting in a corpus of 125,000 students learning Spanish using the Rosetta Stone® foreign-language instruction software across 48 lessons. Students are tested on a lesson after its initial study and are then retested after a variable time lag. We observe forgetting consistent with power function decay at a rate that varies across lessons but not across students. We find that lessons which are better learned initially are forgotten more slowly, a correlation which likely reflects a (...) latent cause such as the quality or difficulty of the lesson. We obtain improved predictive accuracy of the forgetting model by augmenting it with features that encode characteristics of a student's initial study of the lesson and the activities the student engaged in between the initial and delayed tests. The augmented model can predict 23.9% of the variance in an individual's score on the delayed test. We analyze which features best explain individual performance. (shrink)
- Ethical Quandaries and Facebook Use: How Do Medical Students Think They Should Act?Daniel R. George,Anita M. Navarro,Kelly K. Stazyk,Melissa A. Clark &Michael J. Green -2014 -AJOB Empirical Bioethics 5 (2):68-79.
- The Therapeutic Odyssey: Positioning Genomic Sequencing in the Search for a Child’s Best Possible Life.Janet Elizabeth Childerhose,Carla Rich,Kelly M. East,Whitley V. Kelley,Shirley Simmons,Candice R. Finnila,Kevin Bowling,Michelle Amaral,Susan M. Hiatt,Michelle Thompson,David E. Gray,James M. J. Lawlor,Richard M. Myers,Gregory S. Barsh,Edward J. Lose,Martina E. Bebin,Greg M. Cooper &Kyle Bertram Brothers -2021 -AJOB Empirical Bioethics 12 (3):179-189.No categories
- Sir William Hamilton.Anita R. Rose -2002 - In Philip Breed Dematteis, Peter S. Fosl & Leemon B. McHenry,British Philosophers, 1800-2000. Bruccoli Clark Layman. pp. 262--105.Export citation
Bookmark - Subjugation and Bondage: Critical Essays on Slavery and Social Philosophy.Anita Allen,Bernard Boxill,Joshua Cohen,R. M. Hare,Bill Lawson,Tommy Lott,Howard McGary,Julius Moravcsik,Laurence Thomas,William Uzgalis,Julie Ward,Bernard Williams &Cynthia Willett (eds.) -1998 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.This volume addresses a wide variety of moral concerns regarding slavery as an institutionalized social practice. By considering the slave's critical appropriation of the natural rights doctrine, the ambiguous implications of various notions of consent and liberty are examined. The authors assume that, although slavery is undoubtedly an evil social practice, its moral assessment stands in need of a more nuanced treatment. They address the question of what is wrong with slavery by critically examining, and in some cases endorsing, certain (...) principles derived from communitarianism, paternalism, utilitarianism, and jurisprudence. (shrink)
- Remembrance of lines past.Anita R. Cunitz &Bruce M. Ross -1966 -Journal of Experimental Psychology 72 (4):558.No categories
- Coaching to vision versus coaching to improvement needs: a preliminary investigation on the differential impacts of fostering positive and negative emotion during real time executive coaching sessions.Anita R. Howard -2015 -Frontiers in Psychology 6.
- Hallucinations and acetylcholine: Signal or noise?Anita A. Disney &Simon R. Schultz -2004 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 (6):790-791.The cholinergic system is a good candidate for the role of determining the relative weight given in cortical information processing to new sensory information versus prior knowledge. We discuss the physiological data supporting this, and suggest that this Bayesian perspective can easily be reconciled with the dynamical framework proposed by Behrendt & Young.
- Mad, sad or bad. Moral luck and Michael Stone.Anita R. Noguera -2000 -Nursing Philosophy 1 (2):158-168.This paper discusses the philosophical doctrine of moral luck, as described by Bernard Williams in his book of the same name. It first describes Williams' account and then uses the case of Michael Stone, a convicted murderer with a long history of mental disorder, and mental health practitioners’ interventions in his case, to test and debate Williams’ views. It examines four major areas of these, including the classical notion of moral luck, retroactive judgement, agent regret and justifiable and unjustifiable decision‐making. (...) It concludes that, in view of what has been said, whilst Williams’ views are applicable and appropriate to many areas of the Stone case, ‘traditional’ moral views on rights, obligations and principles cannot be entirely laid aside in evaluating this. (shrink)
- Improved Self-Esteem in Artists After Participating in the “Building Confidence and Self-Esteem Toolbox Workshop”.Anita R. Shack,Soumia Meiyappan &Loren D. Grossman -2018 -Frontiers in Psychology 9:380731.Performing and creative artists have unique occupational and lifestyle stresses and challenges that can negatively affect self-esteem. Low self-esteem not only has serious implications for their psychological and physical health, it can also affect their performance and creativity. There is a need to establish effective interventions to deal with this issue. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reported studies specific to workshops or interventions on enhancing self- esteem for artists. The Al and Malka Green Artists’ Health Centre (...) at the Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a unique multidisciplinary and integrative clinic serving the special needs of the artist population. We developed a workshop entitled “Building Confidence and Self Esteem Toolbox Workshop” to address this this need. We then designed a single-blind, randomized, prospective, pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of the workshop on enhancing self-esteem in artists, and to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of using the recommended tools in maintaining a healthy self-esteem, as well as maintaining physical and emotional health. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A validated “Self-Esteem Checkup” questionnaire was administered pre- and immediately post workshop, as well as at 2, 6, and 12 months post workshop. Open-ended questions were posed to study participants via email at 2 and 12 months following the workshop, and at 6 months in in-person interviews. Thirty-five professional artists consented to participate in the study, with 26 completing all study visits. Mean scores for all time points, and the individual questionnaire statement mean scores for the five timepoints increased significantly immediately post-workshop and remained statistically significantly improved by the by the 3rd follow-up 12 months later. (p<0.001). The mean self-esteem rating score increased significantly post-workshop and remained statistically significantly improved by the 3rd follow-up 12 months later. (p<0.01). Qualitative data showed positive feedback on the utilization of the tools learned in the workshop that helped maintain this improvement over a one-year period. This workshop may be an effective means of addressing the issue of self-esteem in artists. Further controlled studies of larger sample size and longer duration are needed to confirm these findings. (shrink)
- Neurophysiological correlates of memory change in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders treated with choline.Anita J. Fuglestad,Neely C. Miller,Birgit A. Fink,Christopher J. Boys,Judith K. Eckerle,Michael K. Georgieff &Jeffrey R. Wozniak -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13.BackgroundPrenatal and early postnatal choline supplementation reduces cognitive and behavioral deficits in animal models of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. In a previously published 9-month clinical trial of choline supplementation in children with FASD, we reported that postnatal choline was associated with improved performance on a hippocampal-dependent recognition memory task. The current paper describes the neurophysiological correlates of that memory performance for trial completers.MethodsChildren with FASD who were enrolled in a clinical trial of choline supplementation were followed for 9 months. Delayed (...) recall on a 9-step elicited imitation task served as the behavioral measure of recognition memory. Neurophysiological correlates of memory were assessed via event-related potentials.ResultsDelayed recall on EI was correlated with two ERP components commonly associated with recognition memory in young children: middle latency negative component and positive slow wave. No significant ERP differences were observed between the choline and placebo groups at the conclusion of the trial.ConclusionAlthough the small sample size limits the ability to draw clear conclusions about the treatment effect of choline on ERP, the results suggest a relationship between memory performance and underlying neurophysiological status in FASD. This trial was registered.1. (shrink)
- Whynes, David K., andBowles, Roger A., "The Economic Theory of the State". [REVIEW]Barry R. Gross -1982 -Ethics 93:424.Export citation Bookmark
- Rewriting the Script: the Need for Effective Education to Address Racial Disparities in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Uptake in BIPOC Communities.Saydra Wilson,Anita Randolph,Laura Y. Cabrera,Alik S. Widge,Ziad Nahas,Logan Caola,Jonathan Lehman,Alex Henry &Christi R. P. Sullivan -2024 -Neuroethics 17 (1):1-12.Depression is a widespread concern in the United States. Neuromodulation treatments are becoming more common but there is emerging concern for racial disparities in neuromodulation treatment utilization. This study focuses on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), a treatment for depression, and the structural and attitudinal barriers that racialized individuals face in accessing it. In January 2023 participants from the Twin Cities, Minnesota engaged in focus groups, coupled with an educational video intervention. Individuals self identified as non-white who had no previous TMS (...) exposure but had tried at least one treatment for their depression. Results revealed that the intervention did not notably change knowledge or stigma about TMS, but attitudes surrounding traveling for treatment changed. Notably, barriers like affordability, frequency of treatment, and lack of knowledge persist. Participants expressed a desire for more information, personal connection, and a tailored educational approach. The study suggests a need for multifaceted strategies to reduce disparities, focusing on education, community-based resources, and policy interventions. Immediate actions that can be taken include the creation of a TMS education program focused on patient engagement and awareness about TMS. (shrink)
- The Psychology of Coronavirus Behavioral Health Mindset, Vaccination Receptivity, Customer Orientation and Community Public Service.Michael R. Cunningham,Perri B. Druen,M. Cynthia Logsdon,Brian W. Dreschler,Anita P. Barbee,Ruth L. Carrico,Steven W. Billings &John W. Jones -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13.Three studies were conducted to explore the psychological determinants of COVID-deterrent behaviors. In Study 1, using data collected and analyzed both before and after the release of COVID-19 vaccines, mask-wearing, other preventative behaviors like social distancing, and vaccination intentions were positively related to assessments of the Coronavirus Behavioral Health Mindset ; belief in the credibility of science; progressive political orientation; less use of repressive and more use of sensitization coping; and the attribution of COVID-19 safety to effort rather than ability, (...) powerful forces, fate, or luck. In Study 2, favorable COVID-19 vaccination intentions were related to greater willingness to work, lower emotional distress, and greater customer experience mindset. Study 3 examined the personality and motives of individuals who volunteered to help deliver COVID-19 inoculations to the local community. The vaccine-giving volunteers, especially those with prosocial motives, had high CVBHM scores, belief in the credibility of science, low use of repressive coping, greater attribution of COVID-19 protection to effort, low likelihood of voting conservative, were older, and had more education than others. The majority of public health volunteers expressed prosocial motives to help people or join a cause, but many expressed the personal motives of getting the COVID-19 vaccination for themselves, conveying a public image of compassion, or structuring time. Based on the three research studies, a COVID-19 Mindset Hierarchy model is proposed to integrate the results. (shrink)
- The individual rights of the difficult patient.Roy R. Reeves,Sharon P. Douglas,Rosa T. Garner,Marti D. Reynolds &Anita Silvers -2007 -Hastings Center Report 37 (2):13-15.
- An Ethics Consult Documentation Simplification Project: Summation of Participatory Processes, User Perceptions, and Subsequent Use Patterns.Meaghann S. Weaver,Anita J. Tarzian,Hannah N. Hester,Karinne R. Davidson,Rodney P. Dismukes &Mary Beth Foglia -2025 -HEC Forum 37 (2):249-265.Healthcare ethics consultants in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) document consults in an enterprise-wide web-based database entitled IEWeb, serving as a system of record for healthcare ethics documentation at 1300 VA facilities. The need arose to evolve the database from an ethics process training resource into a more streamlined documentation repository that captures essential consult elements. A VHA National Center for Ethics in Health Care (NCEHC) Improvement Team convened for three tasks: (1) Specify and prioritize IEWeb changes (occurred via six (...) focus groups composed of “new user” and “super user” cohorts with analysis of existing documentation patterns); (2) Pilot the changes regionally (via regional communication, training, and reviews of pre-post use patterns); and (3) Measure the impact of national change implementation on user perspectives (via pre-and post-change implementation polls). Focus groups identified six implementable priority areas for ethics consult documentation improvement, including the development of a usable consult summary note for ready conversion from IEWeb fields into the electronic health record. Post-IEWeb updates showed an increased number of consults documented, a reduction in “time to consult documentation closure” by a mean of 4.5 days, and a clinically-meaningful improvement in the quality of documentation (78% of ethics questions scored “above-bar” on the validation tool pre- vs. 89% scored “above-bar” post-IEWeb changes, n = 140). According to national survey findings, the number of consultants documenting “all” consults in IEWeb increased, satisfaction increased, and perception of documentation difficulty decreased. IEWeb simplification enabled ethics consultants to re-focus their documentation completion efforts by decreasing perception of documentation burden while improving documentation frequency and quality in a clinically-meaningful way. (shrink)
- Facial Expressions of Emotion: Are Angry Faces Detected More Efficiently?Elaine Fox,Victoria Lester,Riccardo Russo,R. J.Bowles,Alessio Pichler &Kevin Dutton -2000 -Cognition and Emotion 14 (1):61-92.
- Quality Attestation for Clinical Ethics Consultants: A Two‐Step Model from the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities.Eric Kodish,Joseph J. Fins,Clarence Braddock,Felicia Cohn,Nancy Neveloff Dubler,Marion Danis,Arthur R. Derse,Robert A. Pearlman,Martin Smith,Anita Tarzian,Stuart Youngner &Mark G. Kuczewski -2013 -Hastings Center Report 43 (5):26-36.Clinical ethics consultation is largely outside the scope of regulation and oversight, despite its importance. For decades, the bioethics community has been unable to reach a consensus on whether there should be accountability in this work, as there is for other clinical activities that influence the care of patients. The American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, the primary society of bioethicists and scholars in the medical humanities and the organizational home for individuals who perform CEC in the United States, has (...) initiated a two‐step quality attestation process as a means to assess clinical ethics consultants and help identify individuals who are qualified to perform this role. This article describes the process. (shrink)
- A Pilot Evaluation of Portfolios for Quality Attestation of Clinical Ethics Consultants.Joseph J. Fins,Eric Kodish,Felicia Cohn,Marion Danis,Arthur R. Derse,Nancy Neveloff Dubler,Barbara Goulden,Mark Kuczewski,Mary Beth Mercer,Robert A. Pearlman,Martin L. Smith,Anita Tarzian &Stuart J. Youngner -2016 -American Journal of Bioethics 16 (3):15-24.Although clinical ethics consultation is a high-stakes endeavor with an increasing prominence in health care systems, progress in developing standards for quality is challenging. In this article, we describe the results of a pilot project utilizing portfolios as an evaluation tool. We found that this approach is feasible and resulted in a reasonably wide distribution of scores among the 23 submitted portfolios that we evaluated. We discuss limitations and implications of these results, and suggest that this is a significant step (...) on the pathway to an eventual certification process for clinical ethics consultants. (shrink)
- What Is the Minimal Competency for a Clinical Ethics Consult Simulation? Setting a Standard for Use of the Assessing Clinical Ethics Skills (ACES) Tool.Katherine Wasson,William H. Adams,Kenneth Berkowitz,Marion Danis,Arthur R. Derse,Mark G. Kuczewski,Michael McCarthy,Kayhan Parsi &Anita J. Tarzian -2019 -AJOB Empirical Bioethics 10 (3):164-172.Background: The field of clinical ethics is examining ways of determining competency. The Assessing Clinical Ethics Skills (ACES) tool offers a new approach that identifies a range of skills necessary in the conduct of clinical ethics consultation and provides a consistent framework for evaluating these skills. Through a training website, users learn to apply the ACES tool to clinical ethics consultants (CECs) in simulated ethics consultation videos. The aim is to recognize competent and incompetent clinical ethics consultation skills by watching (...) and evaluating a videotaped CEC performance. We report how we set a criterion cut score (i.e., minimally acceptable score) for judging the ability of users of the ACES tool to evaluate simulated CEC performances.Methods: A modified Angoff standard-setting procedure was used to establish the cut score for an end-of-life case included on the ACES training website. The standard-setting committee viewed the Futility Case and estimated the probability that a minimally competent CEC would correctly answer each item on the ACES tool. The committee further adjusted these estimates by reviewing data from 31 pilot users of the Futility Case before determining the cut score.Results: Averaging over all 31 items, the proposed proportion correct score for minimal competency was 80%, corresponding to a cut score that is between 24 and 25 points out of 31 possible points. The standard-setting committee subsequently set the minimal competency cut score to 24 points.Conclusions: The cut score for the ACES tool identifies the number of correct responses a user of the ACES tool training website must attain to “pass” and reach minimal competency in recognizing competent and incompetent skills of the CECs in the simulated ethics consultation videos. The application of the cut score to live training of CECs and other areas of practice requires further investigation. (shrink)No categories
- The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance - by Eric R. Scerri.Anita Kildebaek Nielsen -2008 -Centaurus 50 (4):339-341.No categories
- Speculative steps with story shoes: Object itineraries as sensual a-r-tography.Anita Sinner -2021 -Educational Philosophy and Theory 54 (5):596-605.Informed by understandings of affect theory, the pedagogic potential of object itineraries, or simply, the journey of things, is proposed in this case as a form of sensual a-r-tography. A pair of sporty shoes as mundane objects are at the heart of this deliberation, and the mechanism through which to consider the scope of conversations underway about more-than-human perspectives and how objects can be activated as sites of educational inquiry. The embodiment of each step in this walk is an opening (...) to interrogate how the potential materiality of artefacts ‘enflesh’ object-body-space as artist-researcher-teacher. Mapping geographies of self-in-relation, and guided by the betweenness in landscape encounters as relational and contingent, this speculative account with theoretical perspectives is rendered through the entanglements offered by story shoes. (shrink)
- The Life Sciences in Eighteenth-Century French Thought. Jacques Roger, Keith R. Benson, Robert Ellrich.Anita Guerrini -1999 -Isis 90 (4):813-814.
- Neuronal and glial morphology in olfactory systems: Significance for information-processing and underlying developmental mechanisms.P. Tolbert Leslie,A. Oland Lynne,C. Christensen Thomas &R. GorielyAnita -2003 -Brain and Mind 4 (1):27-49.The shapes of neurons and glial cells dictate many important aspects of their functions. In olfactory systems, certain architectural features are characteristics of these two cell types across a wide variety of species. The accumulated evidence suggests that these common features may play fundamental roles in olfactoryinformation processing. For instance, the primary olfactory neuropil in most vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory systems is organized into discrete modules called glomeruli. Inside each glomerulus, sensory axons and CNS neurons branch and synapse in patterns (...) that are repeated across species. In many species, moreover, the glomeruli are enveloped by a thin and ordered layer of glial processes. Theglomerular arrangement reflects the processing of odor information in modules that encode the discrete molecular attributes of odorant stimuli being processed. Recent studies of the mechanisms that guide the development of olfactory neurons and glial cells have revealed complex reciprocal interactions between these two cell types, which may be necessary for the establishment of modular compartments. Collectively, the findings reviewed here suggest that specialized cellular architecture plays key functional roles in the detection, analysis, and discrimination of odors at early steps in olfactory processing. (shrink)
- Varieties of Feminist Liberalism.Anita Allen,Samantha Brennan,Drucilla Cornell,Ann Cudd,Jean Hampton,S. A. Lloyd,Linda McClain,Martha Nussbaum,Susan Okin &Patricia Smith (eds.) -2004 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.The essays in this volume present versions of feminism that are explicitly liberal, or versions of liberalism that are explicitly feminist. By bringing together some of the most respected and well-known scholars in mainstream political philosophy today, Amy R. Baehr challenges the reader to reconsider the dominant view that liberalism and feminism are 'incompatible.'.
- Unequal Chances: Family Background and Economic Success.SamuelBowles,Herbert Gintis &Melissa Osborne Groves (eds.) -2005 - Princeton University Press.Is the United States "the land of equal opportunity" or is the playing field tilted in favor of those whose parents are wealthy, well educated, and white? If family background is important in getting ahead, why? And if the processes that transmit economic status from parent to child are unfair, could public policy address the problem? Unequal Chances provides new answers to these questions by leading economists, sociologists, biologists, behavioral geneticists, and philosophers.New estimates show that intergenerational inequality in the United (...) States is far greater than was previously thought. Moreover, while the inheritance of wealth and the better schooling typically enjoyed by the children of the well-to-do contribute to this process, these two standard explanations fail to explain the extent of intergenerational status transmission. The genetic inheritance of IQ is even less important. Instead, parent-offspring similarities in personality and behavior may play an important role. Race contributes to the process, and the intergenerational mobility patterns of African Americans and European Americans differ substantially.Following the editors' introduction are chapters by Greg Duncan, Ariel Kalil, Susan E. Mayer, Robin Tepper, and Monique R. Payne; Bhashkar Mazumder; David J. Harding, Christopher Jencks, Leonard M. Lopoo, and Susan E. Mayer; Anders Björklund, Markus Jäntti, and Gary Solon; Tom Hertz; John C. Loehlin; Melissa Osborne Groves; Marcus W. Feldman, Shuzhuo Li, Nan Li, Shripad Tuljapurkar, and Xiaoyi Jin; and Adam Swift. (shrink)
- The Social Medicine Reader, Second Edition: Volume One: Patients, Doctors, and Illness, Nancy M.P. King, Ronald P. Strauss, Larry R. Churchill, Sue E. Estroff, and Gail E. Henderson, eds. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005. 294 pp. ISBN 978‐0822335689, $24.95. and The Social Medicine Reader, Second Edition: Volume Two: Social and Cultural Contributions to Health, Difference, and Inequality, Gail E. Henderson, Larry R. Churchill, Nancy M.P. King, Jonathan Oberlander, and Ronald P. Strauss, eds. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005. 323 pp. ISBN 978‐0822335931, $24.95. [REVIEW]Anita Chary -2013 -Anthropology of Consciousness 24 (1):76-81.
- Book Notes. [REVIEW]Nora K. Bell,Samantha J. Brennan,William F. Bristow,Diana H. Coole,Justin DArms,Michael S. Davis,Daniel A. Dombrowski,John J. P. Donnelly,Anthony J. Ellis,Mark C. Fowler,Alan E. Fuchs,Chris Hackler,Garth L. Hallett,Rita C. Manning,Kevin E. Olson,Lansing R. Pollock,Marc Lee Raphael,Robert A. Sedler,Charlene Haddock Seigfried,Kristin S. Schrader‐Frechette,Anita Silvers,Doran Smolkin,Alan G. Soble,James P. Sterba,Stephen P. Turner &Eric Watkins -2001 -Ethics 111 (2):446-459.
- Fred R. Berger: 1937 - 1986.Michael V. Wedin,Michael Bratman,Margaret Battin,Myles Brand,Julius Moravcsik,Richard Purtill,Anita Silvers,Richard Wasserstrom &Elizabeth Wolgast -1987 -Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 60 (3):537 - 538.No categories
- 290/Name Index Bouchaud, JP 112,116 Bousquet, GH 230 Bovens. L. 3, 61,139Bowles, S. 216,229.R. Boyd,M. Brown,S. C. Brown,J. C. Bryce,J. Buchanan,C. Bulcaen,S. Burks,M. F. Bumyeat,G. Busino &C. Castelfranchi -2008 - In Maria-Carla Galavotti,Reasoning, Rationality and Probability. CSLI Publications. pp. 289.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- The history of the rossbank observatory, tasmania.Ann Savours &Anita McConnell -1982 -Annals of Science 39 (6):527-564.Rossbank functioned from 1840 to 1854 as one of a chain of British Colonial Observatories which combined with European and Asian observatories in the study of terrestrial magnetism. It was established in Hobart, Tasmania, by the Governor of Van Diemen's Land, Sir John Franklin, and Captain James Clark Ross, R.N., commanding H.M. ships Erebus and Terror. The history and operation of the Rossbank Observatory is related, its instruments described, and the results discussed.Biographical notes on the Observatory staff, with lists of (...) its archives and instruments are provided. A number of previously unpublished pictures show the Observatory in use and the surviving buildings and instruments today. (shrink)No categories
- Introducing the Medical Ethics Bowl.Allison Merrick,Rochelle Green,Thomas V. Cunningham,Leah R. Eisenberg &D. Micah Hester -2016 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 25 (1):141-149.Although ethics is an essential component of undergraduate medical education, research suggests current medical ethics curricula face considerable challenges in improving students’ ethical reasoning. This paper discusses these challenges and introduces a promising new mode of graduate and professional ethics instruction for overcoming them. We begin by describing common ethics curricula, focusing in particular on established problems with current approaches. Next, we describe a novel method of ethics education and assessment for medical students that we have devised, the Medical Ethics (...) Bowl. Finally, we suggest pedagogical advantages to MEBs when compared to other ethics curricula. (shrink)
- InstrumentsAnita McConnell, Geomagnetic instruments before 1900: An illustrated account of their construction and use. London: Harriet Wynter, 1980. Pp. viii + 75. £19.50. [REVIEW]R. H. Nuttall -1982 -British Journal for the History of Science 15 (3):314-314.
- The Poster Child for the Need for Central Review of Research Protocols: The Children's Oncology Group.Rebecca D. Pentz &Anita F. Khayat -2004 -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 13 (4):359-365.Multiple groups, including the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the National Coalition of Comprehensive Cancer Centers, Workgroup 6 of the Summit Series on Cancer, PRIM&R, the Bell Report, and prominent ethicists have called for replacing the current system of local institutional review with central review for multisite national trials. We argue that this need is particularly acute in pediatric oncology, as shown by the experience of the Children's Oncology Group.
- Social Conflict and Resolution.R. G. Frey -1984 -Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy 6:1-16.
- Autonomy and Conceptions of the Good Life.R. G. Frey -1986 -Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy 8:124-136.
- Virtue, Commerce, and Self-Love.R. G. Frey -1995 -Hume Studies 21 (2):275-287.In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Hume Studies Volume XXI, Number 2, November 1995, pp. 275-287 Virtue, Commerce, and Self-Love R. G. FREY Can economic activity be virtuous? Can the pursuit of commerce and profits be moral? Both Hume and Adam Smith are agreed that Britain will live or die as a trading nation, and trade requires the harvesting or production of goods with which to trade. This in turn requires that people be motivated (...) to harvest or to produce these goods, and neither Hume nor Smith give any evidence of believing that people are motivated by a general love of mankind, an extensive sympathy, or a broadly-encompassing benevolence to produce them. Indeed, quite the opposite appears to be the case: both writers think the pursuit of luxury, wealth, and the general riches of life have much more to do with the harvesting and production of goods for trade than does any widespread, general concern for the well-being of others. And this fact leads straightforwardly to the question I want to consider, namely, whether this kind of what I shall call economic motivation is compatible with moral motivation.1 In Smith, our question can be seen as leading to what is sometimes called the "Adam Smith problem" (which on another occasion I should want to argue is a pseudo-problem). The Theory of Moral Sentiments gives an account of moral motivation in which sympathy and/or benevolence plays an integral role, whereas in The Wealth of Nations self-love is very much to the fore. No remark in Smith is better-known than his statement of this latter position: R. G. Frey is at the Department of Philosophy, Bowling Green State University, 305 Shatzel Hall, Bowling Green OH 43403-0222 USA. e-mail:[email protected] 276 R. G. Frey It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but of their advantages.2 Now it has sometimes been suggested that the way to solve this problem is to keep economics and ethics separate, to try to confine economic activity to a domain about which, in essence, we do not ask ethical questions. But to most of us this clearly will not do; the whole point is that we do want to ask ethical questions about economic activity. That is, in pursuing their trades, it must be possible for the butcher, brewer, and baker to be acting morally; otherwise, commerce and virtue will be incompatible, and in enjoining us to take up and to pursue the former vigorously Hume and Smith would be advocating immorality. Again, neither writer gives any evidence of taking himself to be advocating any such thing. It must be possible, then, for motivation by selflove to be moral, if a vibrant, prosperous nation is to result from and to propagate further commerce and trade. If the cost of morality is penury and a life of dreadful unhappiness, then while such a life may recommend itself to one consumed with the monkish virtues, it is far from clear that it would recommend itself to the rest of us. I am interested here in Hume and in one possible way of construing his remarks on self-love in An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals.3 But first a few words on Mandeville are necessary, since it is he who sets the terms of the debate over the compatibility of moral and economic motivation. In The Fable of the Bees,4 Mandeville praises vice (or the pursuit of selfinterest ) in the cause of national prosperity and castigates virtue as threatening to undermine prosperity. Employing an egoistic account of man's passions and motivation, he argues that individual pursuit of self-interest or vice produces public benefits. Pride, avarice, and the pursuit of enjoyment, luxury, and the fine things of life create economic activity, jobs, and economic and social opportunities, and these in turn benefit society. His point is that growth of (i) mutually beneficial economic activity, (ii) increases in general... (shrink)
- A Plea for Philosophers’ Direct Participation in the Policy Formation Process.Kenneth R. Hammond -1981 -Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy 3:76-86.
- Paternalism and Autonomy.Fred R. Berger -1985 -Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy 7:37-52.
- Value, Welfare, and Morality.Connie S. Rosati,R. G. Frey &Christopher W. Morris -1995 -Philosophical Review 104 (4):603.This volume contains thirteen new essays covering various issues in value theory. Eight of the essays were presented at a conference by the same name at Bowling Green State University, five others were commissioned. The essays vary in quality, and some of them cover themes developed in previously published work. But overall, each essay provides a carefully argued point of view on an important issue.
- (1 other version)Corporate Moral Agency.John R. Danley -1980 -Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy 2:140-149.
- The Concept of Justice and Conflict Resolution.Henry R. West -1984 -Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy 6:27-37.
- Rob R. Brady. The logicworks. Student manual. Philosophy Documentation Center, Bowling Green1987, i + 21 pp. + 2 disks. - Rob R. Brady. The logicworks. Guide for instructors. Philosophy Documentation Center, Bowling Green1987, i + 23 pp. + disk. [REVIEW]John N. Martin -1990 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 55 (1):368-370.
- Book Review: Gintis, H.,Bowles, S., Boyd, R., & Fehr, E., eds. (2005). Moral Sentiments and Material Interests. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Pp. xii + 404. US $50. [REVIEW]Mario Bunge -2007 -Philosophy of the Social Sciences 37 (4):543-547.
- The Construction and Use of a Thermometer, by James Six, F.R.S., Prefaced by an Account of His Life and Works and the Use of His Thermometer over Two Hundred YearsJill AustinAnita McConnell. [REVIEW]W. Middleton -1982 -Isis 73 (1):116-116.
- Catalogue of Portraits of Naturalists, Mostly Botanists, in the Collections of the Hunt Institute, the Linnean Society of London, and the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genéve. Michael T. Stieber,Anita L. Karg, Margot Walker, Gavin D. R. Bridson, Hervé M. Burdet, Marie M. Chautemps, Tina Moruzzi-BayoGuide to the Botanical Records and Papers in the Archives of the Hunt Institute, Part 2. Michael T. Stieber,Anita L. KargCatalogue of the Botanical Art Collection at the Hunt Institute. James J. White, Elizabeth R. Smith. [REVIEW]William Deiss -1988 -Isis 79 (4):687-689.
- A Journey to Madness: JaneBowles's Narrative and Schizophrenia. [REVIEW]Inmaculada Cobos Fernández -2001 -Journal of Medical Humanities 22 (4):265-283.This work is a study of JaneBowles's madness as revealed through several of her literary works and her life story. On a parallel plane, it is an epistemological exploration of the points of intersection between humanistic psychoanalysis and deconstructive literary criticism. Here we consider the schizoid traits in Two Serious Ladies (1943) and in “Camp Cataract” (1949), using the theories developed in this area by the psychiatrist R. D. Laing (1927–1989).
- Art Versus Truths in Autobiography: The Case of Lillian Hellman.Anita Susan Grossman -1985 -Clio: A Journal of Literature, History, and the Philosophy of History 14 (3).No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- (2 other versions)The evolution of altruistic punishment.Robert Boyd,Herbert Gintis,SamuelBowles,Peter Richerson & J. -2003 -Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100 (6):3531-3535.
- Cooperation, Reciprocity and Punishment in Fifteen Small- scale Societies.Robert Boyd,SamuelBowles &Herbert Gintis -unknownRecent investigations have uncovered large, consistent deviations from the predictions of the textbook representation of Homo economicus (Roth et al, 1992, Fehr and Gächter, 2000, Camerer 2001). One problem appears to lie in economists’ canonical assumption that individuals are entirely self-interested: in addition to their own material payoffs, many experimental subjects appear to care about fairness and reciprocity, are willing to change the distribution of material outcomes at personal cost, and reward those who act in a cooperative manner while punishing (...) those who do not even when these actions are costly to the individual. These deviations from what we will term the canonical model have important consequences for a wide range of economic phenomena, including the optimal design of institutions and contracts, the allocation of property rights, the conditions for successful collective action, the analysis of incomplete contracts, and the persistence of noncompetitive wage premia. Fundamental questions remain unanswered. Are the deviations from the canonical model evidence of universal patterns of behavior, or do the individual’s economic and social environments shape behavior? If the latter, which economic and social conditions are involved? Is reciprocal behavior better explained statistically by individuals’ attributes such as their sex, age, or relative wealth, or by the attributes of the group to which the individuals belong? Are there cultures that approximate the canonical account of self-regarding behavior? Existing research cannot answer such questions because virtually all subjects have been university students, and while there are cultural differences among student populations throughout the world, these differences are small compared to the range of all social and cultural environments. To address the above questions, we and our collaborators undertook a large cross-cultural study of behavior in ultimatum, public good, and dictator games.. (shrink)
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
Darrell P. Rowbottom
Aleksandra Samonek
Constantine Sandis
Howard Sankey
Jonathan Schaffer
Thomas Senor
Daniel Star
Jussi Suikkanen
Aness Kim Webster
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