Patientenautonomie Und Informierte Einwilligung: Schlüssel Und Barriere Medizinischer Behandlungen.PiaBecker -2019 - J.B. Metzler.detailsPiaBecker entwirft eine Konzeption von Patientenautonomie, die sich im Gegensatz zu in der Medizinethik bisher dominierenden Konzeptionen an der grundsätzlichen Fähigkeit des Patienten zur Autonomie orientiert. Ausgangspunkt bildet die Notwendigkeit der informierten Einwilligung, die neben der Patientenautonomie vor allem auch die körperliche Integrität des Patienten schützt. Als Adäquatheitsbedingungen dienen die beiden normativen Funktionen der Patientenautonomie als Barriere und Schlüssel einer medizinischen Behandlung. Diese Konzeption von Patientenautonomie hat den Vorteil, Patienten besser vor Überforderungen zu bewahren und deren Bedarf an (...) Unterstützungsangeboten zur Förderung der Patientenautonomie deutlicher hervorzuheben. (shrink)
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Crying Is in the Eyes of the Beholder: An Attribution Theory Framework of Crying at Work.WilliamBecker,Samantha Conroy,Emilija Djurdjevic &Michael Gross -2017 -Emotion Review 10 (2):125-137.detailsThis article contributes to research on emotion expression, attributions, and discrete work emotions by developing an observer-focused model to explain the outcomes of crying at work. Our model is focused on crying as a form of emotion expression because crying may be driven by different felt emotions or be used as a means of manipulation. In addition, the model focuses on observers, who must form perceptions of the emotion expression in order to determine an appropriate response. This model is particularly (...) valuable because it addresses the reality that an observer will develop an impression of another person’s emotion and intention, and that this impression may not always align with the reality of the emotion being experienced by the expresser. (shrink)
Eckhartian Neologisms and the Tathātā Framework: Istic/Isticheit in Conversation with The Awakening of Faith.JohnBecker -2020 -Philosophy East and West 70 (1):27-41.detailsThe purpose of this article is to reexamine the concept of suchness, as discussed in The Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna, in conversation with Meister Eckhart’s neologisms istic/isticheit. Previous comparative Buddhist-Eckhart studies have typically rendered these neologisms in a strict Aristotelian ontological sense, with English renderings being formulated as the “is-ness” or the “being-ness” of God. These earlier interpretations concerning Eckhart’s thought were prevalent in the mid-twentieth century and put forward by the influential Kyoto School. A 2003 article by (...) Eckhart scholar Alessandra Beccarisi has altered the scholarship concerning these notoriously difficult neologisms.1 Eckhart’s... (shrink)
German humanism and reformation.Reinhard PaulBecker (ed.) -1982 - New York: Continuum.detailsThis unique anthology from a seminal period of Germany history contains major writings by nine authors, many never before translated into English. Included in this collection of fifteenth-and sixteenth-century works are Erasmus, Martin Luther, Thomas Muntzer, Johann von Tepl, Sebastian Brant, and Rubianus.
Ideen und Sprache.AlexanderBecker -2017 -Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 65 (6):1057-1083.detailsName der Zeitschrift: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie Jahrgang: 65 Heft: 6 Seiten: 1057-1083.
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Methodischer Mechanismus und instrumentelle Vernunft: Warum Lebewesen keine Organismen sind.RalfBecker -2020 -Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 68 (5):734-749.detailsMechanistic explanations – especially mechanistic models – are commonly used to describe living beings. But their usage should be scrutinised closely. This text elucidates the motives, conditions and implications of a so called ‘methodical mechanism’. Due to the fact that humans cannot properly explain certain biotic processes, they have to rely on their technical knowledge to explain them. The history of philosophy and scientific thinking is, therefore, intertwined with the history of technology: the way humans interpret and explain natural phenomena (...) is subject to the technological knowledge of a given time. The danger of this mechanistic approach, however, is that it can lead to false ontological assumptions about nature and humankind’s place therein, resulting in a subjugation of natural processes to instrumental reason. (shrink)
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Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Channels: Emerging Diversity in Transport Processes.ThomasBecker &Richard Wagner -2018 -Bioessays 40 (7):1800013.detailsMitochondrial function and biogenesis depend on the transport of a large variety of proteins, ions, and metabolites across the two surrounding membranes. While several specific transporters are present in the inner membrane, transport processes across the outer membrane are less understood. Recent studies reveal that the number of outer membrane channels and their transport mechanisms are more diverse than originally thought. Four protein‐conducting channels promote transport of distinct sets of precursor proteins across and into the outer membrane. The voltage‐dependent anion (...) channel (VDAC) forms the major channel for small hydrophilic molecules. In addition, three channels with yet unknown substrate specificity exist in the outer membrane. In this review, we outline the emerging functional diversity, selectivity, and regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane channels. The presence of several channel‐forming proteins challenges the traditional view that the outer membrane forms an unspecific size‐exclusion filter for the flux of small hydrophilic molecules. (shrink)
Human health and stoic moral norms.Lawrence C.Becker -2003 -Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 28 (2):221 – 238.detailsFor the philosophy of medicine, there are two things of interest about the stoic account of moral norms, quite apart from whether the rest of stoic ethical theory is compelling. One is the stoic version of naturalism: its account of practical reasoning, its solution to the is/ought problem, and its contention that norms for creating, sustaining, or restoring human health are tantamount to moral norms. The other is the stoic account of human agency: its description of the intimate connections between (...) human health, rational agency, and moral norms. There is practical guidance to be gained from exploring those connections, whether or not one is ready to follow stoic moral theory all the way to its austere end. (shrink)
Indexikalische Ausdrücke und Propositionen.WolfgangBecker -1988 -Grazer Philosophische Studien 32 (1):123-153.detailsEine semantische Analyse indexikalischer Audrücke muß klären, wie der Sinn dieser Ausdrücke aufzufassen ist und nach welchem Kriterium mit verschiedenen indexikalischen Sätzen dieselbe Proposition ausgedrückt werden kann. Der Sinn eines Indikators fällt nicht mit dem Sinn einer Kennzeichnung zusammen, Indikatoren sind aber auf Kennzeichnungen angewiesen. Zwei geäußerte indexikalische Sätze sind sinngleich, wenn mit ihnen dasselbe Potential von Umständen verbunden ist, unter denen ihre Behauptung berechtigt wäre, und sie in dieser Weise kognitiv gleichwertig sind. Die Festlegung des Referenzobjekts durch indexikalische Ausdrucksmittel, (...) die sich aus der linguistischen Bedeutung des Ausdrucks und seinem Äußerungskontext zusammensetzen, setzt die Fähigkeit von Sprecher und Hörer voraus, sich in einem objektiven Raum-Zeit-System zu orientieren. (shrink)
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