Kant, Duty and Moral Worth.Philip Stratton-Lake -2000 - New York: Routledge.details_Kant, Duty and Moral Worth _is a fascinating and original examination of Kant's account of moral worth. The complex debate at the heart of Kant's philosophy is over whether Kant said moral actions have worth only if they are carried out from duty, or whether actions carried out from mixed motives can be good. Philip Stratton-Lake offers a unique account of acting from duty, which utilizes the distinction between primary and secondary motives. He maintains that the moral law should not (...) be understood as a normative moral reason but as playing a transcendental role. Thus a Kantian account of moral worth is one where the virtuous agent may be responsive to concrete particular considerations, whilst preserving an essential role for universal moral principles. _Kant, Duty and Moral Worth _is a lucid examination of Kant's moral thought that will appeal to Kant scholars and anyone interested in moral theory. (shrink)
Ethical Intuitionism: Re-Evaluations.Philip Stratton-Lake (ed.) -2002 - Oxford University Press UK.detailsEthical Intuitionism was the dominant moral theory in Britain for much of the 18th, 19th and the first third of the twentieth century. However, during the middle decades of the twentieth century ethical intuitionism came to be regarded as utterly untenable. It was thought to be either empty, or metaphysically and epistemologically extravagant, or both. This hostility led to a neglect of the central intuitionist texts, and encouraged the growth of a caricature of intuitionism that could easily be rejected before (...) moving on to 'more serious' philosophical theories. More recently, however, this hostility towards ethical intuitionism has subsided. A wide range of moral philosophers, from Aristotelians, to rule-consequentialists, to expressivists, Kantians and deontologists, are beginning to look to the ethical intuitionists's work as a positive resource. It is, therefore, a good time to get clear on what it was that intuitionists said, and re-evaluate their contribution to our understanding of morality. This volume is the first serious engagement with ethical intuitionism in the light of contemporary developments in ethical theory. It contains essays by eminent moral philosophers working in very different traditions whose aim is to clarify and assess ethical intuitionism. Issues addressed include whether the plurality of basic principles intuitionists adhere to can be grounded in some more fundamental principle; the autonomy of ethics and self-evidence; moral realism and internalism; and the open question argument and naturalism. (shrink)
The Right and the Good.Philip Stratton-Lake (ed.) -2002 - Oxford, GB: Clarendon Press.detailsThe Right and the Good, a classic of twentieth-century philosophy by the great scholar Sir David Ross, is now presented in a new edition with a substantial introduction by Philip Stratton-Lake, a leading expert on Ross. Ross's book is the pinnacle of ethical intuitionism, which was the dominant moral theory in British philosophy for much of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Intuitionism is now enjoying a considerable revival, and Stratton-Lake provides the context for a proper understanding of Ross's great (...) work today. (shrink)
(1 other version)Intuition, Self-Evidence, and Understanding.Philip Stratton-Lake -2016 -Oxford Studies in Metaethics 11.detailsAccording to ethical intuitionists, basic moral propositions are self-evident. Robert Audi has made significant progress articulating and defending this view, claiming that an adequate understanding of a self-evident proposition justifies rather than compels belief. It is argued here that understanding a proposition cannot justify belief in it, and that intuition, suitably understood, provides the right sort of justification. An alternative account is offered of self-evidence based on intuition rather than understanding, and it is concluded that once we have an adequate (...) understanding of a self-evident proposition, we can see that it does no distinctive epistemic work. It merely reports that intuition is doing some significant epistemic work. Since the very idea of self-evident moral propositions is so controversial, and self-evidence does no significant epistemic work, ethical intuitionists should drop this notion from their moral epistemology. All they need are intuitive propositions and our intuition of these. (shrink)
(1 other version)Scanlon's contractualism and the redundancy objection.Philip Stratton-Lake -2003 -Analysis 63 (277):70-76.detailsEbbhinghaus, H., J. Flum, and W. Thomas. 1984. Mathematical Logic. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. Forster, T. Typescript. The significance of Yablo’s paradox without self-reference. Available from http://www.dpmms.cam.ac.uk. Gold, M. 1965. Limiting recursion. Journal of Symbolic Logic 30: 28–47. Karp, C. 1964. Languages with Expressions of Infinite Length. Amsterdam.
The buck passing account of value: assessing the negative thesis.Philip Stratton-Lake -unknowndetailsThe buck-passing account of value involves a positive and a negative claim. The positive claim is that to be good is to have reasons for a pro-attitude. The negative claim is that goodness itself is not a reason for a pro-attitude. Unlike Scanlon, Parfit rejects the negative claim. He maintains that goodness is reason-providing, but that the reason provided is not an additional reason, additional, that is, to the reason provided by the good-making property. I consider various ways in which (...) this may be understood and reject all of them. So I conclude that buck-passers cannot reject the negative claim. (shrink)
(1 other version)Rational intuitionism.Philip Stratton-Lake -2013 - In Roger Crisp,The Oxford Handbook of the History of Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 337-357.detailsIn this paper I give a critical overview of the views of the main Rational Intuitionists from 18th to 20th century.
Why externalism is not a problem for ethical intuitionists.Philip Stratton-Lake -1999 -Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 99 (1):77–90.detailsEthical intuitionists are often criticised on the ground that their view makes it possible for an agent to believe that she ought to ? whilst lacking any motive to ?-that is, on the ground that it involves, or implies a form of externalism. I begin by distinguishing this form of externalism (what I call 'belief externalism') from two other forms of ethical externalism-moral externalism, and reasons externalism. I then consider various reasons why one might think that ethical intuitionism is defective (...) in so far as it involves, or implies belief externalism, and argue that these objections are unpersuasive. (shrink)
Derivative deprivation and the wrong of abortion.Philip Stratton-Lake -2021 -Bioethics 35 (3):277-283.detailsIn his ‘The Identity Objection to the future‐like‐ours argument’ (Bioethics, 2019, 33: 287–293), Brill argues that Marquis's 'future of value' account of the wrong of abortion is still vulnerable to the identity objection—the claim that the foetus and the later person are not numerically identical, so the later person's valuable experiences are not the foetus's future experiences—even if it is conceded that the future organism, as well as the person, has experiences. This is because the organism has these experiences in (...) a different way from the person. The person has them directly, and the organism has them only derivatively. This implies, he maintains, that the organism cannot be deprived of those experiences in a way that is wrong. Only the person can be deprived in this morally relevant way. But, I argue, if the organism genuinely has those experiences, it is not at all clear why its being deprived of them would be permissible. I argue that the reason why Brill can claim that having those experiences derivatively makes this moral difference is because the sense in which the organism has experiences is not a genuine sense. But that is a problem for this theory of personal identity, not for Marquis's account of the wrong of abortion. I also argue that supposing that one cannot morally harm the human organism has various implausible implications, which cast doubt on the idea that having experiences derivatively means that the organism is not morally harmed by being deprived of them. (shrink)
Scanlon, permissions, and redundancy: Response to McNaughton and Rawling.Philip John Stratton-Lake -2003 -Analysis 63 (4):332–337.detailsAccording to one formulation of Scanlon’s contractualist principle, certain acts are wrong if they are permitted by principles that are reasonably rejectable because they permit such acts. According to the redundancy objection, if a principle is reasonably rejectable because it permits actions which have feature F, such actions are wrong simply in virtue of having F and not because their having F makes principles permitting them reasonably rejectable. Consequently Scanlon’s contractualist principle adds nothing to the reasons we have not to (...) act wrongly and is redundant. (shrink)
Eliminativism about Derivative Prima Facie Duties.Philip Stratton-Lake -2011 - In Thomas Hurka,Underivative Duty: British Moral Philosophers from Sidgwick to Ewing. New York: Oxford University Press.detailsRoss divides prima facie duties into derivative and foundational ones, but seems to understand the notion of a derivative prima facie duty in two very different ways. Sometimes he understands them in a non-eliminativist way. According to this understanding, basic prima facie duties ground distinct derivative ones. According to the eliminativist understanding, basic duties do not ground distinct derivative duties, but replace them. On the eliminativist view, discovering that a prima facie duty is derivative is discovering that it is not (...) genuine. The genuine one is the basic one. I argue that Ross is best understood as an eliminativist. (shrink)
Moral Motivation in Kant.Philip Stratton-Lake -2006 - In Graham Bird,A Companion to Kant. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 322–334.detailsThis chapter contains sections titled: The Right and the Good in Kant Clarifying the Negative Thesis Clarifying the Positive Thesis Why Motives of Inclination Lack Moral Worth The Right Sort of Reasons An Alternative Account of Acting from Duty Kant's Critics.
Roger Crisp on goodness and reasons.Philip Stratton-Lake -unknowndetailsRoger Crisp distinguishes a positive and a negative aspect of the buck-passing account of goodness (BPA), and argues that the positive account should be dropped in order to avoid certain problems, in particular, that it implies eliminativism about value. This eliminativism involves what I call an ontological claim, the claim that there is no real property of goodness, and an error theory, the claim that all value talk is false. I argue first that the positive aspect of the BPA is (...) necessary to explain the negative aspect. I accept the ontological claim but argue that this does not imply any sort of error theory about value. (shrink)
(1 other version)Necessarily Coextensive Predicates and Reduction.Philip Stratton-Lake -2018 -Brill.details_ Source: _Page Count 18 Bart Streumer argues that all normative properties are descriptive properties. His first argument is based on the principle that necessarily coextensive predicates ascribe the same property, and the claim that there is a descriptive predicate that is necessarily coextensive with normative predicates. From this Streumer concludes that normative properties are identical with descriptive properties. I argue that, even if we accept, this conclusion does not follow. Normative properties could only be descriptive properties if there is (...) some descriptive way in which all instances of normative properties are similar. But Streumer does not show that, and the prospects for doing so are, I believe, not good. His second argument rests on the premise that the nature of normative properties cannot depend on which first order normative theory is true. I argue that this premise is false, and that the argument for it does not sit comfortably with. (shrink)
(1 other version)Recalcitrant Pluralism.Philip Stratton-Lake -2012 - In Brad Hooker,Developing Deontology: New Essays in Ethical Theory. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 15–34.detailsThis chapter contains sections titled: Introduction: Moral foundationalism Deontic Reasons Moral reasons and moral motivation Being wronged and reasons to resent Moral reasons and recalcitrant pluralism Expanding the good Family relations The son's motive.
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(1 other version)Dancy on buck passing.Philip Stratton-Lake -2013 - In David Bakhurst, Margaret Olivia Little & Brad Hooker,Thinking about reasons: themes from the philosophy of Jonathan Dancy. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.detailsI defend the buck-passing account of value from Dancy's critique.
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Kant and Contemporary Ethics.Philip Stratton-Lake -1998 -Kantian Review 2:1-13.detailsIt is difficult to exaggerate the extent to which Kant has influenced contemporary ethics. Whether or not one is sympathetic to his moral theory, one cannot ignore it, or the various ethical theories which draw their inspiration from it. Debates which have centred on Kantian themes include debates about whether moral requirements are categorical imperatives, whether they have an overriding authority, whether the various moral judgements we make can be codified, the role of duty in moral motivation, whether there are (...) moral actions which are beyond the call of duty, the relation of morality to autonomy, and the very nature of moral judgement. The pervasiveness of Kant's influence makes it very difficult to write anything comprehensive on his relation to contemporary ethics, and I do not intend to attempt such an ambitious task here. Rather, in what follows I shall focus mainly on three distinctive features of Kant's ethics, which correspond roughly to the three chapters of the Groundwork. (shrink)
Marcel.Philip Stratton-Lake -1998 - In Simon Critchley & William Ralph Schroeder,A Companion to Continental Philosophy. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 340–348.detailsMarcel was probably the first modern, French existentialist. Nevertheless, outside of France he is the least well known. His account of human existence is distinctive in that it gives a central place to hope. His account of hope draws on many other notions in his philosophy, such as participation, the “I‐thou” relation, availability, and having, and is hence largely unintelligible unless these concepts are understood. So although we shall come to focus on his account of hope it will be helpful (...) first to give an overview of the central concepts of Marcel's existentialism. (shrink)
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On What We Owe to Each Other.Philip Stratton-Lake (ed.) -2004 - Malden, MA: Blackwell.detailsIn "On What We Owe to Each Other," five leading moral philosophers assess various aspects of Scanlon's moral theory as laid out in this seminal work.
Rossian Deontology.Philip Stratton-Lake -2024 - In Michael Hemmingsen,Ethical Theory in Global Perspective. Albany: SUNY Press. pp. 255-270.detailsAn accessible introduction to the moral philosophy of William David Ross.
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The Future of Reason: Kant's Conception of the Finitude of Thinking.Philip Stratton-Lake -1990 - Dissertation, University of Essex (United Kingdom)detailsAvailable from UMI in association with The British Library. Requires signed TDF. ;Kant's fundamental problematic is the articulation of a finite rationality. The central problematic of the finitude of reason is how to think of a manner of thinking which is appropriate to a finite being. The relevant aspect of the finitude of a finite being is its temporality: a finite being is a temporal historical being. A finite rationality will, therefore, be a manner of thinking appropriate to this temporality--that (...) is, it will be a temporal, mobile rationality. The mobility of this rationality must be conceived of as unending, otherwise it will ultimately be conceived of as static. This constant mobility is achieved in Kant's writing by relating thinking to ideals which can only be approached in infinite approximation. Against a non-finite conception of reason as oriented by the present, Kant's conception of a finite rationality is one oriented by the future. However, this constant mobility--infinite approximation to a postulated ideal future--raises the question of how such a rationality can be conceived of positively: is not such a rationality a rationality of infinite defeat, a rationality of despair? If it is, then Kant will have not thought finitude, since a truly finite rationality--that is, a truly appropriate rationality--cannot be one which creates a negative self-conception. Such negativity reveals an inappropriate criterion, i.e., the opposite of what the question of finitude demands. So the central question of the finitude of reason is how to conceive of a manner of thinking which is temporal , and does not result in a negative self-conception. However these two demands seem to be exclusive. We will argue that this dilemma is addressed in Kant's attempt to articulate the finitude of reason by giving hope a central role in his account. In hope constant mobility can be embraced without leading to a negative self concept. For Kant, a finite rationality is ultimately a hopeful rationality. (shrink)
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