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The present paper compares the ethical perceptions of Americans and Greeks using conjoint analysis. The two samples were presented with 2 scenarios manipulating three factors: gender of the transgressor, organizational status of the transgressor, and the magnitude of the transgression. For each scenario, conventional mean comparisons and conjoint analyses were performed on five ethical measurements. The matrix of means and the relative importances of the American sample were compared with that of the Greek sample. The results showed that Greeks paid (...) more attention to the dollar amount involved and less attention on the organizational status of the transgressor than Americans did. The gender of the transgressor was the least important factor for both samples. The use of relative importance measures derived from conjoint analysis is shown to provide a new dimension in cross-cultural comparisons. (shrink)

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Absolut-realistisch und als solche idealistisch ist die Marxsche Geschichtsphilosophie a) insofern, als derer «Kategorien... nicht mehr oder minder reflexive Aussagen über etwas Seiendes oder Werdendes, sondern bewegende Formen der Materie selbst», ja sogar vielmehr, logisch-historische dialektische Realstrukturen des als real vorkonzipierten weltgeschichtlichen dialektischen Gesamtprozesses selbst sind; und b) insofern, als sie ihren Erkenntnisstandpunkt nicht kritisch hinterfragt, sondern die Sinnerkenntnis des weltgeschicht- lichen Prozesses auf definitive und damit dogmatisch-metaphysische Weise sich erschlossen zu haben vorgibt.

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This book extends in three directions the Unification of Artificial Intelligence and Psychology: Volume One - Foundations. First, it unifies the so-far fragmented study of the natural phenomena of knowledge, consciousness, and emotions. As a prerequisite for these unifications, the book reviews and discusses the similarities and differences between humans, AI systems, and social robots. Second it draws three major consequences concerning the nature of mathematics, the nature of philosophy, and the issue of the unity of science and humanities. Finally, (...) it brings together all chapters into a radical, perspective-for-action concerning the future of humanity: Hybrid Planetary Organisation. Overall, the second volume breaks further new ground for both AI and Psychology, with thought-provoking and compelling implications for both. As such it will appeal to scientists working on the interfaces of psychology, AI, philosophy of mind, cognitive neuroscience, and the humanities. (shrink)

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This book —the first of a two-volume monograph— seeks to unify the hitherto perceived-as-disparate foundations of psychology and artificial intelligence. It does this by replacing their constitutive notions with a novel common one: noémon system. The ensued Theory of Noémon Systems is developed in terms of an interdisciplinary, language-based axiomatic approach. The first volume details the development of the foundations of the theory and expounds ramifications for cognitive science and AI including novel solutions to the AGI debate and Darwin’s mental (...) gap issue, while offering the first complete definition of AI. The book concurrently explores the similarities and differences between humans and AI/robot systems with respect to the evolution-dependent phenomena of representation, thinking, understanding and communication. The book is an extensive one; because of it’s extensiveness and broad ramifications, this book will appeal to scientists working on the interfaces of psychology, AI, philosophy of mind, neuroscience, and the humanities. The complicated and extensive unification of the fields of Artificial Intelligence and psychology is continued in the second volume that breaks further new ground for both disciplines, with thought-provoking and compelling implications for both. (shrink)

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The Web may critically transform the way we understand the activity of proving. The Web as a collaborative medium allows the active participation of people with different backgrounds, interests, viewpoints, and styles. Mathematical formal proofs are inadequate for capturing Web-based proofs. This article claims that Web provings can be studied as a particular type of Goguen's proof-events. Web-based proof-events have a social component, communication medium, prover-interpreter interaction, interpretation process, understanding and validation, historical component, and styles. To demonstrate its claim, the (...) article discusses the Kumo and Polymath projects, both of which employ Web-based communication as part of proving. Web proving is a novel type of proving activity that may have a serious impact on the change in mathematical practices, despite the fact that it is not currently a universally acceptable methodology. (shrink)

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The article deals with etymological hermeneutics of proper names as method of determining of approximate dating of a text, as well as of its content and intention of its authors or editors. The author of the article illustrates this method on example of an etymological analysis of proper names of personnages of the legend about Shem, Ham and Japheth, and draws the conclusion, that their etymology is Greek, therefore one needs to date this legend with Hellenistic periode, and it was (...) created in order to give a legal basing for dwelling of Israel on the territories of conquered peoples of Canaan. At the same time, the author is ready to admit, that the Greek etymology of the mentioned proper names is secondary and derived, if the specialists in the brances of the Old Hebrew and the Old Testament Bible Science would prove, that a Semitic etymology of the mentioned proper names is more ancient, than the Greek one. (shrink)

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The concept of proof can be studied from many different perspectives. Many types of proofs have been developed throughout history such as apodictic, dialectical, formal, constructive and non-constructive proofs, proofs by visualisation, assumption-based proofs, computer-generated proofs, etc. In this paper, we develop Goguen’s general concept of proof-events and the methodology of algebraic semiotics, in order to define the concept of mathematical style, which characterizes the proofs produced by different cultures, schools or scholars. In our view, style can be defined as (...) a semiotic meta-code that depends on the underlying mode of signification (semiosis), the selected code and the underlying semiotic space and determines the individual mode of integration (selection, combination, blending) into a narrative structure (proof). Finally, we examine certain historical types of styles of mathematical proofs, to elucidate our viewpoint. (shrink)

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(1997). A rudimentary theory of information: Consequences for information science and information systems. World Futures: Vol. 49, The Quest for a Unified Theory of Information, pp. 275-286.

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In November of 1997, a letter from my professor AM came to my name. Hoodies from Ternopil Medical Academy named after. V.Ya. Gorbachevsky The letter mentioned that Arsen Richinsky was born in Kremenets'kyi, therefore the Department of Religious Studies at the Institute of Philosophy named after GS Pots of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine want to hold a scientific conference, whose participants should be taken immediately. [Mazur P., The immortalism of Arsen Rychinsky's memory on his native land // (...) Arsen Rychinsky - prominent Ukrainian public figure and scholar and religious scholar. Science collection. - Kyiv-Kremenets, 2007. - P. 27-32]. Motivating that the conference should be carefully prepared, we agreed with scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to hold the first Rychinsky readings on the basis of the school in the spring of 1998. (shrink)

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The objective of this article is to create an understanding of how the UN sustainable development goals can be used to steer stakeholder engagement for transformative change, meeting global challenges, and navigate a new business-societal practice driven by a values-based business model. The article is a conceptual study with case studies of the role that the SDGs play in multi-stakeholder dialog via the kind of sustainable business-societal practice that takes corporate social responsibility to the next level, where it is embedded (...) in a values-based business model, creating a new meaning to effect real business-societal transformation. Multi-stakeholder dialog implies interactive and communicative engagement with the full range of stakeholders in order to create value for all, employing a societal perspective and using the value network as a basis for effective decision-making. We explain our methodological approach by presenting multi-stakeholder dialog in practice, in the form of multiple case studies. These empirical settings consisted of two values-driven privately owned companies with a strong reporting mechanism and a clear transformation agenda based on the SDG challenges: IKEA and Löfbergs. The empirical study provides the basis for our proposed model. This article makes an original contribution to the study of the use of SDGs in management and service research. It investigates steering and navigating processes in specific contexts in order to determine what should be subject to legal enforcement and what comprises moral and/or ethical value, particularly at the societal level. (shrink)

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The patient’s autonomy and well-being are sometimes seen as central to the ethical justification of voluntary euthanasia (VE) and physician-assisted suicide (PAS). While respecting the patient’s wish to die plausibly promotes the patient’s autonomy, it is less obvious how alleviating the patient’s suffering through death benefits the patient. Death eliminates the subject, so how can we intelligibly maintain that the patient’s well-being is promoted when she/he no longer exists? This article interrogates two typical answers given by philosophers: (a) that death (...) confers a well-being benefit in the sense that it actualises a comparatively better life course for the patient (ie, a shorter life with less net suffering), and (b) that death is beneficial because non-existence which entails no suffering is superior to an existence filled with suffering. A close examination of the two senses in which the patient might incur a well-being benefit reveals problems that preclude physicians delivering VE/PAS in the name of beneficence. (shrink)

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Background: The relationship between moral resilience, moral distress, and moral injury among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely investigated; however, the literature in the post-COVID-19 era is scarce. Research aim: To examine the impact of moral resilience on moral distress and moral injury among nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic. Research design: Cross-sectional study. Participants and research context: We obtained a convenience sample of 1118 nurses in Greece. We collected demographic data (gender, age) and work-related data (understaffed wards, shift (...) work, clinical experience). We measured moral resilience with the revised “Rushton Moral Resilience Scale”, moral distress with the “Moral Distress Thermometer”, and moral injury with the “Moral Injury Symptom Scale-Healthcare Professionals” version. We adjusted all multivariable models for demographic variables. Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens approved our study protocol (approval number; 474, approved: November 2023). Our study followed the Declaration of Helsinki. Findings/results: Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that moral resilience reduced moral distress and moral injury. In particular, we found that increased response to moral adversity was associated with decreased moral distress (adjusted coefficient beta = −1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.07 to −1.54). Moreover, we found that increased response to moral adversity (adjusted coefficient beta = −8.24, 95% CI = −9.37 to −7.10) and increased moral efficacy (adjusted coefficient beta = −3.24, 95% CI = −5.03 to −1.45) were associated with reduced moral injury. Conclusions: Moral resilience can reduce the level of moral distress and moral injury among nurses. However, the persistence of moderate moral resilience among Greek nurses does not guarantee its sustainability. To ensure that this resilience is maintained and potentially enhanced, it is imperative for nurse leaders and policymakers to strategically design interventions to address issues at the organizational, team, and individual levels. (shrink)

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I propose a physicalist theory of consciousness that is an extension of the theory of noémona species. The proposed theory covers the full consciousness spectrum from animal to machine and its huma...

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My apologies go to the scientists who know in more detail each one of the shared foundational topics of psychology and artificial intelligence (AI) that I treat in this book and they specialise in. Barring exceptions, neuroscientists, psychologists, AI-ists, and philosophers tend to employ tunnel vision and excessive topicality in their work. On the exceptions side, there are many topic integrations in, and unification efforts of, psychology and several successive integrations of AI in terms of corresponding robot generations. This book (...) is different. Primarily, it unifies the shared foundations of psychology and AI. It does this by developing a common constitutive notion for them: noémon system. The associated theory developed in this book has been termed: the theory of noémon systems (TNS). The space of noémon systems (S) encompasses all biological, artificial, and hybrid noémon systems. As such, it is a superspace of the space of phenomena addressed by cognitive science. The second major purpose of this book follows from the first and has two aspects. One, to bring out the similarities and differences between psychology and AI flowing from their non-shared foundations. Two, to draw some of the major consequences of the TNS concerning cognitive science, AI, philosophy of mind, mathematics, and the issue of the unity of science and art. (shrink)

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Events that preceded the Brest Union in 1596 followed by her has long been the subject of numerical research. Little is a historical event like The Berne Union has found such a wide coverage in history.

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Based on the philosophical and scientific analysis of the conflict between the Catholic ecclesiastic doctrine and wisdom of «living faith» the article discovers the algorithm of counteractions of philosophy of conformity and non-conformism in response to the pressure of modern civilization changes. It is proved that the cost of these two paths for the Catholic Church is about the same, because none of them is effective in establishing an overall upgrade strategy and outlining general perspectives. Truly constructive for the Catholic (...) Church, in this situation, may be the «Middle Way», renewal without a «surrender» in the eye of the world. (shrink)

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The world in which we live for millennia is a breakthrough, entering into a lane of profound changes, in which the whole of our life is rebuilt and rebuilt. Untwisted to the maximum turns the flywheel of transformations has touched and is ready to deform various spheres of existence of man and humanity: the relation between humanity and the planet in which it lives; the interaction between the states, each of which is looking for its own ways to the future (...) and, at the same time, can not but reckon with the interests of other nations and states; the struggle of social groups and the confrontation of religions, in the interrelationships of which they are struggling to realize that humanity has a common destiny and that universal values ​​and ideals must come first, become the main ones in the interaction between people; high pace of scientific and technological progress, which far from unequivocally affect both the knowledge of our lives, and on ourselves. In other words: we are faced with a new world - both in the latest technologies, in new forms of life, in new ways of worldview and world outlook, and most importantly in those global threats, in which the contradiction between the new realities of our existence and the established forms and methods unfolds. an attitude to this world. It is no coincidence that society and the church face an acute problem of adaptation to global change, the formation of a new worldview that corresponds to a new era. (shrink)

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A short response from an Orthodox perspective to Prof. Dana Robert’s paper. It contains some specific information and focuses, not fully highlighted in her keynote address. The present situation in global mission is what the Orthodox expected as the very first step the ecumenical movement should take, as it was requested by the Orthodox even before the 1910 Edinburgh mission conference. The social and economic nuances of the new mission statement are underlined, together with the ecclesial dimension of mission, the (...) implicit liturgical aspect, the explicit environmental and inter-faith consequences of an authentic Christian witness, and the clear connection between mission and unity. A plea is finally made that the missiological consequences of the deification theology of the Orthodox become an integral part of today’s world mission. (shrink)

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Following the argument of Pusey et al. (in Nature Phys. 8:476, 2012), new interest has been raised on whether one can interpret state-vectors (pure states) in a statistical way (ψ-epistemic theories), or if each one of them corresponds to a different ontological entity. Each interpretation of quantum theory assumes different ontology and one could ask if the PBR argument carries over. Here we examine this question for histories formulations in general with particular attention to the co-event formulation. State-vectors appear as (...) the initial state that enters into the quantum measure. While the PBR argument goes through up to a point, the failure to meet some of the assumptions they made does not allow one to reach their conclusion. However, the author believes that the “statistical interpretation” is still impossible for co-events even if this is not proven by the PBR argument. (shrink)

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In this article, I try to present some effects of the acceptance of nonconceptual content of perception in the realism problem. After having enhancement as main the problem of discrimination observable - unobservable into the conflict of realism with the constructive empiricism, I criticize a particular aspect, that nonconceptual content of perception strengthens the realistic position. Arguing that, while the starting point of the realist position is the existence of entities of common sense, there is nothing that assures us that (...) the world of our daily life consists of objective, specific, unambiguous entities, that is made up the deep structure of the world - as realists believes - and entities are not just "relevant" objects, which are meant only for our own biological species. These “subjective for species” entities we are obliged, as a particular species, to percept with particular perceptual organs in order to satisfy specific needs, and manage to survive ourselves in a particular environment. (shrink)

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Tomos II. Koinōnikes epistēmes kai epistēmes tou anthrōpou: ho gallikos dromos tēs ennoias.

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У статті з філософсько-антропологічної точки зору автор розглядає Інтернет-субкультури, звертаючи увагу на особливості їх прояву та діяльності, ґрунтовно характеристиризучи геймерську, хакерську субкультури, наводячи їх класифікацію та приклади функціонування. На думку автора, Інтернет-субкультура може бути визначена як набір технологій, практик, позицій, режимів мислення та цінностей, які розвинулись із розвитком кіберпростору й дали можливість для формування різних варіантів життєвої поведінки особи - від творення нових особистісних і соціальних стратегій до побудови віртуальних симулякрів масової культури, заснованих на моді й поп-арті.

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The article contains general definition of the phenomenon of hypertext and the Internet in a virtual consciousness philosophy of post-modernism. Describes the phenomenon of hypertext as nonlinear forms of computer and literary texts, its structural units and the main aspects of the organization of hypertext. The article contains the detailed analysis of publications on the issue of hypertext and the history of investigation of this problem. The specific features which allow defining of hypertext as the brand new phenomenon are analyzed (...) in the article. Among them we can mention the following points: - Hypertext is constantly updateable, amendable, editable; - Hypertext has neither any set beginning or the end nor any hierarchical structure; - Hypertext has decentralized nature; - The specific features of hypertext are manifested in text transformations. If an "ordinary" text has linear character, and one can move in its "area" only in the directions limited by one and the same space, then rhizomorphic hypertext opens new "transverse" changes in the text Universe. The way of organizing of text in Internet corresponds to the major ideas of "nomadology" and "Rhizome" developed by Gilles Deleuze and F?lix Guattari in their Capitalism and Schizophrenia project. Postmodernist electronic hypertext is a phenomenon by its nature opposite to modernist printed text. This allows us to consider hypertext as one of the features of coming of "post- Gutenberg era". Hypertext fundamentally changes the way of construction of text environment - to replace the one-dimensional text comes multi-dimensional. In the phenomenon of the global information network, created on the basis of hypertext technology, - intertextual fiber, series of texts, which intercross with other texts, produce new texts. In conclusions of the article - the characterization of hypertext as postmodernist phenomenon is given and the major views of postmodernism which are represented in hypertext - plurality, decentration, fragmentariness, intertextuality - are provided. (shrink)

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Розроблені у 1970–1980 рр. постіндустріальні теорії продовжують зберігати свій вплив і значущість для наукових досліджень, прийняття політичних рішень та формування домінантних у суспільстві уявлень про майбутнє. Водночас, поза увагою часто залишаються суперечності, закладені в основі цих теорій, та їхній неоднорідний зміст. Розвинутий у статті підхід розглядає постіндустріалізм як результат поєднання критичного аналізу суспільних процесів, що властиві минулому і теперішньому, з ідеологічними компонентами та образами майбутнього, котрі мають явні ознаки утопії. Виокремлення утопічних елементів із найвідоміших концепцій постіндустріального та інформаційного суспільства дає (...) змогу зробити висновок про їхній тісний зв’язок із соціалістичними і технологічними утопіями доіндустріальної та індустріальної епох. Головні особливості постіндустріальної утопії зумовлені намаганнями її авторів узгодити власний ідеальний образ майбутнього, що радикально відрізняється від індустріальної дійсності, із притаманним індустріалізму лінеарним метапатерном та ідеєю безальтернативного прогресу. (shrink)

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I have three types of interrelated comments. First, on the choice of the proposed criteria, I argue against any list and for a system of criteria. Second, on grading, I suggest modifications with respect to consciousness and development. Finally, on the choice of “theories” for evaluation, I argue for Edelman's theory of neuronal group selection instead of connectionism (classical or not).

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Recent developments in economics and the science of law emphasize their cooperation for a better understanding of social structures and interactions, an effective application of social scientific knowledge and a rational evaluation and implementation of social norms. There are, however, difficult methodological problems in this endeavor: Whereas economics is mainly (with the exception of welfare economics) an empirical science which collects information about economic activities and the functioning of the economic system, the science of law is a normative discipline aiming (...) at solving social conflicts and establishing rational principles for judicial decisions. In this paper, we suggest a three-level scheme for the interdisciplinary cooperation of law and economics, addressing the different problems that positive and normative economics face as they apply economic knowledge to legal matters. Economic analysis of law is proposed as a model for a general transformation of the traditionally hermeneutical jurisprudence into an analytic-normative science of law based on theoretical expectation (explanation) and the rational evaluation of the consequences of legal rules and principles. (shrink)

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Predictive processing as a computational motif of the neocortex needs to be elaborated into theories of higher cognitive functions that include simulating future behavioural outcomes. We contribute to the neuroscientific perspective of predictive processing as a foundation for the proposed representational architectures of the mind.

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This book explores the overlooked but vital theoretical relationships between R. M. Hare, Alan Gewirth, and Jürgen Habermas. The author claims their accounts of value, while failing to address classic virtue-theoretical critiques, bear the seeds of a resolution to the ultimate question "What is most valuable?" These dialectical approaches, as claimed, justify a reinterpretation of value and value judgment according to the Carnapian conception of an empirical-linguistic framework or grammar. Through a further synthesis with the work of Philippa Foot and (...) Thomas Magnell, the author shows that "value" would be literally meaningless without four fundamental phenomena which constitute such a framework: Logical Judgment, Conceptual Synthesis, Conceptual Abstraction, and Freedom. As part of the 'grammar of goodness,' the excellence of these phenomena, in a highly concrete way, constitute the essence of the greatest good, as this book explains.. (shrink)

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The authors analysed the essence of the institutional approach in scientific researches and the peculiarities of its types using in the analysis of political phenomena and processes. Characterised types of the institutional approach are used to analyse democracy with the distinction of institutional and organisational, institutional and legal and institutional and cultural dimensions.

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The best developed formulation of closed system quantum theory that handles multiple-time statements, is the consistent (or decoherent) histories approach. The most important weaknesses of the approach is that it gives rise to many different consistent sets, and it has been argued that a complete interpretation should be accompanied with a natural mechanism leading to a (possibly) unique preferred consistent set. The existence of multiple consistent sets becomes more problematic because it allows the existence of contrary inferences [1]. We analyse (...) the conceptual difficulties that arise from the existence of multiple consistent sets and provide a suggestion for a natural set selection criterion. This criterion does not lead to a unique physical consistent set, however it evades the existence of consistent sets with contrary inferences. The criterion is based on the concept of preclusion and the requirement that probability one propositions and their inferences should be non-contextual. The allowed consistent sets turn-out to be compatible with coevents which are the ontology of an alternative, histories based, formulation [2–4]. (shrink)

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