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Results for 'Norman M. Swartz'

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  1. Foreknowledge and free will.Norman M.Swartz -2004 -Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Suppose it were known, by someone else, what you are going to choose to do tomorrow. Wouldn't that entail that tomorrow you must do what it was known in advance that you would do? In spite of your deliberating and planning, in the end, all is futile: you must choose exactly as it was earlier known that you would. The supposed exercise of your free will is ultimately an illusion. Historically, the tension between foreknowledge and the exercise of free will (...) was addressed in a religious context. According to orthodox views in the West, God was claimed to be omniscient (and hence in possession of perfect foreknowledge) and yet God was supposed to have given humankind free will. Attempts to solve the apparent contradiction often involved attributing to God special properties, e.g. being 'outside' of time. However, the trouble with such solutions is that they are generally unsatisfactory on their own terms. Even more serious is the fact that they leave untouched the problem posed not by God's foreknowledge but that of any human being. Do human beings have foreknowledge? Certainly, of at least some events and behaviors. Thus we have a secular counterpart of the original problem. A human being's foreknowledge, exactly as would God's, of another's choices would seem to preclude the exercise of human free will. Various ways of trying to solve the problem – e.g. by putting constraints on the truth-conditions for statements, or by 'tightening' the conditions necessary for knowledge – are examined and shown not to work. Ultimately the alleged incompatibility of foreknowledge and free will is shown to rest on a subtle logical error. When the error, a modal fallacy, is recognized, and remedied, the problem evaporates. (shrink)
     
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  2. Care of human health and life and its reasonable limits: A catholic perspective.Norman M. Ford -2013 -The Australasian Catholic Record 90 (2):172.
    Ford,Norman M Doctors and nurses understand the personal dignity of their patients and their natural desire to be healthy and happy. The aged with failing memories or mental impairments are persons whose dignity and moral worth remain intact. They also know patients differ in their personal circumstances, their faith, their stages of life's journey and their attitude to sickness and approach of death. This awareness enables them to adequately perform their valuable professional services from a subject centred perspective (...) as well as from an objective approach based on our shared rational human nature. All this needs to be re-affirmed for patients, especially the aged, those living with post coma unresponsiveness, Alzheimer's disease and any other unconscious state. (shrink)
     
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  3. Catholicism and human reproduction: An historical overview.Norman M. Ford -2012 -The Australasian Catholic Record 89 (1):49.
    Ford,Norman M Throughout history Catholics held the commonly accepted views of the times regarding human reproduction, and these views changed as advances were made in scientific knowledge. Hence, it would be best to begin with Aristotle's views on human reproduction.
     
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  4.  39
    When did I begin?: conception of the human individual in history, philosophy, and science.Norman M. Ford -1988 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    When Did I Begin? investigates the theoretical, moral, and biological issues surrounding the debate over the beginning of human life. With the continuing controversy over the use of in vitro fertilization techniques and experimentation with human embryos, these issues have been forced into the arena of public debate. Following a detailed analysis of the history of the question, Reverend Ford argues that a human individual could not begin before definitive individuation occurs with the appearance of the primitive streak about two (...) weeks after fertilization. This, he argues, is when it becomes finally known whether one or more human individuals are to form from a single egg. Thus, he questions the idea that the fertilized egg itself could be regarded as the beginning of the development of the human individual. The author also differs sharply, however, from those who would delay the beginning of the human person until the brain is formed, or until birth or the onset of conscious states. (shrink)
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  5.  61
    Closed Bases and Closure Logic.Norman M. Martin -1996 -The Monist 79 (1):117-127.
  6.  54
    (1 other version)The Sheffer functions of 3-valued logic.Norman M. Martin -1954 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 19 (1):45-51.
  7.  27
    The effect of torsional stress on pure twist boundaries.I. M. Bernstein,J. C.Swartz,B. B. Rath &C. Edgar -1969 -Philosophical Magazine 20 (166):849-853.
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  8.  48
    General quantum mechanical canonical point transformations.Norman M. Witriol -1975 -Foundations of Physics 5 (4):591-605.
    Problems related to the operator form of the generalized canonical momenta in quantum mechanics are resolved by use of the general quantum mechanical canonical point transformation method. This method can be applied to any general canonical point transformation irrespective of the relationship between the domains of the original and transformed variables. The differential representation of the original canonical momenta pi in the original coordinate space is −i $\begin{array}{*{20}c} / \\ h \\ \end{array}$ ∂/∂x i and of the transformed canonical momentap (...) i ′ in the transformed coordinate space is −i $\begin{array}{*{20}c} / \\ h \\ \end{array}$ ∂/∂x i ′. Relationships are derived between the eigenvalues of the original and transformed momenta in either space. The ordering problem for general point transformations is discussed and is shown to be solved. As an example of the generality of the method, it is demonstrated on the point transformation in three dimensions from Cartesian rectilinear to spherical rectilinear coordinates. (shrink)
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  9.  16
    A Note on Sheffer Functions in n-Valued Logic.Norman M. Martin -1952 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 17 (3):204-205.
  10.  9
    Deducibility and Decidability.Norman M. Martin -1991 -Philosophical Books 32 (3):162-162.
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  11.  25
    Discovering Formal Logic.Norman M. Martin -1995 -Philosophical Books 36 (2):143-144.
  12.  29
    Die Philosophie Carnaps.Norman M. Martin -1972 -Philosophical Quarterly 22 (88):274.
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  13.  23
    Note on the Completeness of Decision Element Sets.Norman M. Martin -1967 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 32 (1):134-134.
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  14. Rudolf Carnap.Norman M. Martin -1967 - In Paul Edwards,The Encyclopedia of philosophy. New York,: Macmillan. pp. 2--25.
     
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  15.  22
    Early Delivery of a Fetus with Anencephaly.Norman M. Ford -2003 -Ethics and Medics 28 (7):1-4.
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  16.  31
    Rev. Ford Replies to Dr. Diamond.Norman M. Ford -2003 -Ethics and Medics 28 (10):3-4.
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  17.  37
    Using Pluripotent Germ Cells in Regenerative Medicine.Norman M. Ford -2003 -The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 3 (4):697-705.
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  18. (1 other version)Review: Arto Salomaa, On Essential Variables of Functions, Especially in the Algebra of Logic. [REVIEW]Norman M. Martin -1967 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 32 (4):539-539.
  19.  57
    Einführung in Die Symbolische Logik Mit Besonderer Berücksichtigung Ihrer Anwendungen. Rudolf Carnap.Norman M. Martin -1955 -Philosophy of Science 22 (2):167-168.
  20.  63
    The generation and utilization of social data.Norman M. Bradburn -1973 -Ethics 84 (1):22-37.
  21.  58
    Subtle variation in ambient room temperature influences the expression of social cognition.Jacob M. Vigil,Tyler J.Swartz &Lauren N. Rowell -2013 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (5):502-503.
    Social signaling models predict that subtle variation in climatic temperature induces systematic changes in expressed cognition. An experiment showed that perceived room temperature was associated with variability in self-descriptions, social reactions of others, and desiring differing types of social networks. The findings reflect the tendency to inflate capacity demonstrations in warmer climates as a result of the social networking opportunities they enable.
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  22.  29
    Legal Notes: Is There a Place for Lawyers on Ethics Committees? A View from the Inside.Suzanne M. Mitchell &Martha S.Swartz -1990 -Hastings Center Report 20 (2):32.
  23.  41
    Direct analogues of the Sheffer stroke in $m$-valued logic.Norman M. Martin -1976 -Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 17 (3):415-420.
  24.  25
    Some Analogues of the Sheffer Stroke Function in n-Valued Logic.Norman M. Martin -1951 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 16 (4):275-276.
  25.  26
    Systems of Logic.Norman M. Martin -1989 - Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
    This is an advanced study of systems of propositional logic which offers a comprehensive account of a wide variety of logical systems and which encourages students to take a critical stance towards the subject. A great variety of systems and subsystems are defined and compared as regards their deductive power and relation to their model theory. Interesting features include a more refined treatment of modal logic and the special attention given to the weakenings of classical logic. Useful appendices provide a (...) topical bibliography and review of basic set theory. (shrink)
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  26.  57
    The explicandum of the classical concept of probability.Norman M. Martin -1951 -Philosophy of Science 18 (1):70-84.
    In books on the calculus of probability, there have been many accounts as to what is the meaning of the term “probable.” We can readily divide them into three groups. The first sometimes defines probability in terms of the ratio between the number of cases favorable to an event and the number of equally possible cases. Sometimes probability is defined in some way other than this, but the above formulation, or one similar to it is used to describe the “measure (...) of probability.” This concept is what is called “the classical concept” of probability and was held by the great workers in the field of probability from the beginning of the eighteenth and opening of the nineteenth centuries, including James Bernoulli, Thomas Bayes, and the Marquis de Laplace. The second conceives of probability as a logical relation between hypothesis and evidence. Following this conception, one could identify “probability” with “degree of confirmation.” We will term this the “logical concept.” The third group identified probability with the relative frequency with which a property occurs in a specified class of elements. We will call this the “frequency concept.”. (shrink)
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  27.  16
    Newborns and Organ Donation.Norman M. Ford -2003 -Ethics and Medics 28 (9):2-4.
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  28.  11
    Neuromnemonics: Forms and Contents.Norman M. Weinberger -1990 - In J. McGaugh, Jerry Weinberger & G. Lynch,Brain Organization and Memory: Cells, Systems, and Circuits. Guilford Press. pp. 137.
  29.  25
    Superconductivity of Thorium below l°k.Norman M. Wolcott &Robert A. Hein -1958 -Philosophical Magazine 3 (30):591-596.
  30.  23
    Fetal Surgery.Norman M. Ford -2003 -Ethics and Medics 28 (8):3-4.
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  31.  61
    Deduction and strict implication.Norman M. Martin -1960 -Synthese 12 (1):25 - 33.
  32.  7
    Mathematics - foundations and foundations.Norman M. Martin -1978 - In Kuno Lorenz,Konstruktionen Versus Positionen: Beiträge Zur Diskussion Um Die Konstruktive Wissenschaftstheorie. Bd 1: Spezielle Wissenschaftstheorie. Bd 2: Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie. Paul Lorenzen Zum 60. Geburtstag. New York: De Gruyter. pp. 63-67.
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  33.  61
    R. L. Graham. On n-valued functionally complete truth functions. The journal of symbolic logic, vol. 32 , pp. 190–195.Norman M. Martin -1971 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 36 (4):691.
  34.  16
    Thoughts on the Papal Address & MANH.Norman M. Ford -2005 -Ethics and Medics 30 (2):3-4.
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  35.  10
    Twentieth Century Art Theory: Urbanism, Politics, and Mass Culture.Richard Hertz &Norman M. Klein -1990
    "An overview of modern art theory and history, this anthology treats modern art as a complex cultural, political, and social process intimately connected with larger cultural, political, and social contexts."--Pearson.
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  36.  17
    (1 other version)A Précis of Mathematical Logic.Norman M. Martin -1959 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 25 (1):78-79.
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  37.  35
    The hierarchy of universities.Norman M. Bradburn -1988 -Minerva 26 (1):89-100.
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  38.  76
    Book review. [REVIEW]Norman M. Martin -1949 -Synthese 8 (1):93-94.
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  39.  31
    Beer Stafford. Operational research and cybernetics. Ier Congrès International de Cybernétique, Namur, 26–29 Juin 1956, Actes, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, and Association Internationale de Cybernétique, Namur, 1958, pp. 29–45. [REVIEW]Norman M. Martin -1960 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 25 (2):162-162.
  40.  40
    Rose Alan. Some generalized Sheffer functions. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 48 , pp. 369–373. [REVIEW]Norman M. Martin -1953 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 18 (4):344-345.
  41.  11
    (1 other version)Review: P. Schofield, On a Correspondence between Many-Valued and Two-Valued Logics. [REVIEW]Norman M. Martin -1967 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 32 (4):539-539.
  42.  63
    Mathematics for property theorists.Stephen Pollard &Norman M. Martin -1986 -Philosophical Studies 49 (2):177 - 186.
  43.  43
    Arto Salomaa. Some analogues of Sheffet functions in infinite-valued logics. Proceedings of a Colloquium on Modal and Many-valued Logics, Helsinki, 23–26 August, 1962, Acta philosophica Fennica, no. 16, Helsinki1963, pp. 227–235. [REVIEW]Norman M. Martin -1966 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 31 (1):118-119.
  44.  14
    Beth E. W.. Symbolische logica . Servire's encyclopaedic, afdeling Logica, D2/5. Servire, The Hague 1950, 63 pp. [REVIEW]Norman M. Martin -1952 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 17 (3):208-209.
  45.  68
    Beer Stafford. Cybernetics and management. Management science series. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 1959, xviii + 214 pp. [REVIEW]Norman M. Martin -1960 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 25 (3):258-258.
  46.  39
    Evans Trevor and Hardy Lane. Sheffer stroke functions in many-valued logics. Portugaliae mathematica, vol. 16 no. 3–4 , pp. 83–93. [REVIEW]Norman M. Martin -1959 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 24 (1):67-68.
  47.  32
    Feys R.. Resultaten en mogelijkheden van de geformaliseerde logica . Flemish-Dutch, with French summary. Tijdschrift voor philosophie, vol. 12 , pp. 227–245. [REVIEW]Norman M. Martin -1952 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 17 (4):285-286.
  48.  46
    P. Naslin. Circuits à relais et automatismes à séquences. Dunod, Paris1958, XII + 229 pp. - Pierre Naslin. Introduction à l′étude des automatismes à séquences. Automatisme , vol. 3 , pp. 3–11, 43–49, 87–94, 135–143, 179–185, 225–228, 260–265. [REVIEW]Norman M. Martin -1959 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 24 (2):187-188.
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  49.  69
    Post's functional completeness theorem.Francis Jeffry Pelletier &Norman M. Martin -1990 -Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 31 (3):462-475.
  50.  22
    Using Pluripotent Germ Cells in Regenerative Medicine.RevNorman M. Ford -2003 -The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 3 (4):697-705.
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