Kagaku gijutsu no yukue.Hisatake Katō &Juichi Matsuyama (eds.) -1999 - Kyōto-shi: Mineruva Shobō.details科学が自然を破壊した今、人間は人工的に反人工的な自然を保持するべく努力しなければなりません。科学技術は、この逆説に耐え抜かねばならないのでしょう。.
The Confucian Roots of Business Kyosei.Calvin M. Boardman &Hideaki KiyoshiKato -2003 -Journal of Business Ethics 48 (4):317 - 333.detailsKyosei, a traditional Japanese concept, has been applied to a variety subjects, from biology to business. It has more recently become synonymous with the concepts of corporate responsibility, ethical decision making, stakeholder maximization, and responsible reciprocity. The purpose of this paper is to trace kyosei's modern business application back to ancient Confucian thought. The ideals associated with Confucianism were instrumental in the creation of Japanese business codes of ethics during the early part of the seventeenth century. A short history of (...) this period is presented to provide a contextual framework for understanding these codes. A specific code of ethics, called the shuchu kiyaku, is presented for the first time in English and shown to have direct roots in Confucian writings. Statements from modern company codes and from modern Japanese and American businessmen are presented to reflect the philosophy of business embodied in that ancient code of ethics. (shrink)
Silence between patients and doctors: the issue of self-determination and amniocentesis in Japan.MasaeKato -2007 -Genomics, Society and Policy 3 (3):1-15.detailsJapan is among the few countries that have passed laws concerning eugenics. Consequently, the practice of selective abortion (abortion of an abnormal foetus) has been publicly debated for the past 35 years. Nevertheless, data show that knowledge in Japan about prenatal diagnosis is anything but common. In my fieldwork (April- June 2006) only 38% of interviewees (13/34) knew or had heard of 'amniocentesis' and 6% knew nothing about it at all. There are many explanations for why people are unaware of (...) prenatal diagnosis. The most crucial factor is that medical doctors do not talk to their patients about it. My interviews with 11 medical doctors revealed that they do not talk about it because they want to respect the principle of patient selfdetermination. In this paper I aim first to introduce and analyse, in the context of Japanese eugenic history and the contemporary notion of the patient-doctor relationship, medical doctors' explanations for not talking to their patients about amniocentesis. Second, I address whether the principle of 'non-intervention' equates to 'self-determination'. Lastly, I suggest possible improvements to the practice of 'self-determination' in Japan. (shrink)
Human genetic research, race, ethnicity and the labeling of populations: recommendations based on an interdisciplinary workshop in Japan.Yasuko Takezawa,KazutoKato,Hiroki Oota,Timothy Caulfield,Akihiro Fujimoto,Shunwa Honda,Naoyuki Kamatani,Shoji Kawamura,Kohei Kawashima,Ryosuke Kimura,Hiromi Matsumae,Ayako Saito,Patrick E. Savage,Noriko Seguchi,Keiko Shimizu,Satoshi Terao,Yumi Yamaguchi-Kabata,Akira Yasukouchi,Minoru Yoneda &Katsushi Tokunaga -2014 -BMC Medical Ethics 15 (1):33.detailsA challenge in human genome research is how to describe the populations being studied. The use of improper and/or imprecise terms has the potential to both generate and reinforce prejudices and to diminish the clinical value of the research. The issue of population descriptors has not attracted enough academic attention outside North America and Europe. In January 2012, we held a two-day workshop, the first of its kind in Japan, to engage in interdisciplinary dialogue between scholars in the humanities, social (...) sciences, medical sciences, and genetics to begin an ongoing discussion of the social and ethical issues associated with population descriptors. (shrink)
Coalition Governments, Party Switching, and the Rise and Decline of Parties: Changing Japanese Party Politics since 1993.JunkoKato &Yuto Kannon -2008 -Japanese Journal of Political Science 9 (3):341-365.detailsSince 1993, coalition governments have replaced the 38-year-long, one-party dominance of the Liberal Democratic Party (the LDP) in Japan. Except for one year, from 1993 to 1994, the LDP has remained a key party in successive governing coalitions, but the dynamics of party competition has been completely transformed since the period of the LDP's dominance. Although the LDP has survived to form a variety of coalitions ranging from a minority to an over-sized majority, since 1998 the Democratic Party of Japan (...) (DPJ) has continued to counter the LDP governments. The transformation of party systems in Japan accompanies the party switching of legislators and the mergers, breakups, extinctions, and formations of parties. In this regard, the Japanese case provides an interesting example to show how parties attempt to change the dynamics of policy competition by switching and reorganizing. Parties also attempt to shift their policy positions to attract public support and to gain a competitive edge in government formation. Using expert survey data about the policy positions of parties, this study explicates the dynamics involved in the reorganization of parties and the formation of governments. (shrink)
Songen to seizon.Yasushi Katō &Reiko Gotō (eds.) -2022 - Tōkyō: Hōsei Daigaku Shuppankyoku.detailsトリアージ、ワクチンの分配、ゲノム編集、さらに倫理、思想、文学、政治社会まで、様々な領域の喫緊の問題として「尊厳」を論じる。.
Techne und Philosophie bei Platon.MorimichiKato -1986 - Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften.detailsDie Platonische Techne-Analogie hat eine heuristische Funktion. In ihr wird eine bestimmte (vom Verfasser «technisch» genannte) Denkweise sichtbar, die in der platonischen Philosophie durchgehend einflussreich bleibt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung besteht aus zwei Teilen. Der erste Teil analysiert die vielfältigen Strukturen der platonischen Techne-Analogie und bringt die in ihnen wirkende «technische» Denkweise zum Licht. Der zweite Teil behandelt den Einfluss dieser Denkweise auf verschiedene Bereiche der platonischen Philosophie.
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Islamic Fundamentalists’ Approach to Multiculturalism. The Case of Al-mukmin School in Indonesia.HisanoriKato -2014 -Dialogue and Universalism 24 (4):171-186.detailsThe psychological gap based on distrust and mutual ignorance between the Islamic world and the rest of the world, including Japan, has never been wider than it is today. Some might think that Islamic and other civilizations share little common ground in terms of basic values concerning humanity. Some even claim that “the clash of civilizations” is inevitable. However, it is too early to conclude that these civilizations will always be in conflict with each other. Although their theological interpretations of (...) God and the teachings of their religions show clear contrasts, there might be some common values that they can share in social life. One of the most prestigious and well-known Islamic boarding schools or Pesantren in Indonesia, Al-Mukumin of Solo in Central Java, offers fundamentalist education. Yet, the students in this school still learn about the importance of co-existence with non-Muslims through social activities and classroom instructions. Multiculturalism and the appreciation of non-Muslims are clearly emphasised in the curriculum. Based on the field research conducted in January 2013, I will attempt to picture the state of Islamic education in Indonesia and identify some values common to Islamic and other civilizations, such as Western and Japanese. (shrink)
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TheApology: The Beginning of Plato's Own Philosophy.ShinroKato -1991 -Classical Quarterly 41 (02):356-.detailsIt has often been assumed that Plato's Apology is a faithful recreation of Socrates' speech on the final day of his trial in 399 b.c.; that it contains almost nothing of Plato's own philosophy; and that it therefore represents rather the position of the historical Socrates on how to live and how to philosophize. In this belief, Schleiermacher relegated the Apology to an appendix to his translation of Plato, along with some spurious works. His view was followed by Zeller and (...) Grote in the late nineteenth century, and further popularized in the 1920s by Burnet's edition of the Apology. (shrink)
Confucius and Aristotle on the educational role of community.MorimichiKato -2021 -Educational Philosophy and Theory 53 (2):112-117.detailsThis article aims to elucidate the educational significance of the traditional communitarian theories of the East and the West. For this purpose, it will set out to compare the moral and educationa...
Horizons of Education.MorimichiKato -2008 -Proceedings of the Xxii World Congress of Philosophy 37:123-129.detailsThe aim of this presentation is to show that philosophy of education must seriously engage itself with horizons of education. After a brief explanation of the term “horizon”, the horizon of modern pedagogy, which was inaugurated by Pestalozzi and Herbart, is examined. Modern pedagogy with its special emphasis on method unravels itself as one of the major streams of modern epistemology, for which inspection of inner ideas is crucial. The modern epistemology, on the other hand, presupposes the atomistic self represented (...) by the Lockian dark room. This is the horizon of modern pedagogy. One of the deficiencies of this horizon is that it is not capable of articulating the educational aim on its own terms. Thus, dealing with the aim of education, modern pedagogy was obliged to use terms such as God or Nature, the terms, of which philosophical origin goes back to the Cave metaphor of Plato. This takes us to the second part of the presentation: the examination of the Cave metaphor in order to unravel the horizon of the classical education, paideia. The comparison of the two horizons will show the importance of horizon, about which philosophy of education must be sensitive. (shrink)