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  1. Promoting coherent minimum reporting guidelines for biological and biomedical investigations: the MIBBI project.Chris F. Taylor,Dawn Field,Susanna-Assunta Sansone,Jan Aerts,Rolf Apweiler,Michael Ashburner,Catherine A. Ball,Pierre-Alain Binz,Molly Bogue,Tim Booth,Alvis Brazma,Ryan R. Brinkman,Adam Michael Clark,Eric W. Deutsch,Oliver Fiehn,Jennifer Fostel,Peter Ghazal,Frank Gibson,Tanya Gray,Graeme Grimes,John M. Hancock,Nigel W. Hardy,Henning Hermjakob,Randall K. Julian,MatthewKane,Carsten Kettner,Christopher Kinsinger,Eugene Kolker,Martin Kuiper,Nicolas Le Novere,Jim Leebens-Mack,Suzanna E. Lewis,Phillip Lord,Ann-Marie Mallon,Nishanth Marthandan,Hiroshi Masuya,Ruth McNally,Alexander Mehrle,Norman Morrison,Sandra Orchard,John Quackenbush,James M. Reecy,Donald G. Robertson,Philippe Rocca-Serra,Henry Rodriguez,Heiko Rosenfelder,Javier Santoyo-Lopez,Richard H. Scheuermann,Daniel Schober,Barry Smith &Jason Snape -2008 -Nature Biotechnology 26 (8):889-896.
    Throughout the biological and biomedical sciences there is a growing need for, prescriptive ‘minimum information’ (MI) checklists specifying the key information to include when reporting experimental results are beginning to find favor with experimentalists, analysts, publishers and funders alike. Such checklists aim to ensure that methods, data, analyses and results are described to a level sufficient to support the unambiguous interpretation, sophisticated search, reanalysis and experimental corroboration and reuse of data sets, facilitating the extraction of maximum value from data sets (...) them. However, such ‘minimum information’ MI checklists are usually developed independently by groups working within representatives of particular biologically- or technologically-delineated domains. Consequently, an overview of the full range of checklists can be difficult to establish without intensive searching, and even tracking thetheir individual evolution of single checklists may be a non-trivial exercise. Checklists are also inevitably partially redundant when measured one against another, and where they overlap is far from straightforward. Furthermore, conflicts in scope and arbitrary decisions on wording and sub-structuring make integration difficult. This presents inhibit their use in combination. Overall, these issues present significant difficulties for the users of checklists, especially those in areas such as systems biology, who routinely combine information from multiple biological domains and technology platforms. To address all of the above, we present MIBBI (Minimum Information for Biological and Biomedical Investigations); a web-based communal resource for such checklists, designed to act as a ‘one-stop shop’ for those exploring the range of extant checklist projects, and to foster collaborative, integrative development and ultimately promote gradual integration of checklists. (shrink)
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  2.  21
    12. DevelopingKane.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 236-256.
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  3.  22
    "Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L.Kane, Romantic Reformer.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - Yale University Press.
    Thomas L.Kane, a crusader for antislavery, women's rights, and the downtrodden, rose to prominence in his day as the most ardent and persuasive defender of Mormons' religious liberty. Though not a Mormon,Kane sought to defend the much-reviled group from the "Holy War" waged against them by evangelical America. His courageous personal intervention averted a potentially catastrophic bloody conflict between federal troops and Mormon settlers in the now nearly forgotten Utah War of 1857-58. Drawing on extensive, newly (...) available archives, this book is the first to tell the full story ofKane's extraordinary life. The book illuminates his powerful Philadelphia family, his personal life and eccentricities, his reform achievements, his place in Mormon history, and his career as a Civil War general. Further, the book revises previous understandings of nineteenth-century reform, showing howKane and likeminded others fused Democratic Party ideology, anti-evangelicalism, and romanticism. (shrink)
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  4.  17
    1. RaisingKane.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 1-12.
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  5.  16
    Appendix:Kane Family Chart.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 287-288.
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  6.  14
    Acknowledgments.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press.
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  7.  21
    13. Anti-Anti-Polygamy.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 257-281.
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  8.  13
    2. Europe.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 13-27.
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  9.  18
    Epilogue.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 282-286.
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  10.  13
    6. Free Soil and Young America.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 93-112.
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  11.  7
    7. Fugitive Slaves.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 113-127.
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  12.  7
    11. Honor, Reform, and War.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 207-235.
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  13.  8
    Introduction.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press.
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  14.  13
    Index.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 337-348.
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  15.  8
    Notes.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 289-336.
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  16.  10
    8. Reforming Marriage.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 128-148.
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  17.  12
    9. The Utah War, Act I.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 149-173.
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  18.  14
    10. The Utah War, Act II.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 174-206.
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  19.  12
    3. Beginnings of Reform.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 28-46.
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  20.  9
    Contents.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press.
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  21.  15
    Frontmatter.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press.
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  22.  9
    4. Meeting the Mormons.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 47-70.
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  23.  11
    5. The Suffering Saints.Matthew J. Grow -2008 - In"Liberty to the Downtrodden": Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer. Yale University Press. pp. 71-92.
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  24.  61
    W. Matthews Grant’s Dual Sources Account and Ultimate Responsibility.Jordan Wessling &P. Roger Turner -2023 -Philosophia 51 (3):1723-1743.
    A number of philosophers and theologians have recently challenged the common assumption that it would be impossible for God to cause humans actions which are free in the libertarian or incompatibilist sense. Perhaps the most sophisticated version of this challenge is due to W. Matthews Grant. By offering a detailed account of divine causation, Grant argues that divine universal causation does not preclude humans from being ultimately responsible for their actions, nor free according to typical libertarian accounts. Here, we argue (...) that the kind of divine universal causation that Grant proposes is incompatible with a plausible interpretation of RobertKane’s influential conception of ultimate responsibility. This conclusion is significant since Grant seeks to harmonize his divine causal account withKane’s articulation of ultimate responsibility. (shrink)
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  25.  141
    An ideology critique of nonideal methodology.Matthew Adams -2021 -European Journal of Political Theory 20 (4).
    Ideal theory has been extensively contested on the grounds that it is ideology: namely, that it performs the distorting social role of reifying and enforcing unjust features of the status quo. Indeed, a growing number of philosophers adopt a nonideal methodology—which dispenses with ideal theory—because of this ideology critique. I argue, however, that such philosophers are confused about the ultimate dialectical upshot of this critique even if it succeeds. I do so by constructing a parallel—equally plausible—ideology critique of nonideal methodology; (...) specifically, I argue that capitalist and managerial social attitudes have commodified people’s conception of justice and induced suspicion of ideal theory, which is not construed as having direct practical value. Consequently, nonideal methodology performs the distorting role of reifying and enforcing the hegemonies of capitalism and managerialism. Ideal theory and nonideal methodology are, therefore, in symmetrically bad positions. (shrink)
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  26.  49
    When Alston met Brandom: Defining assertion.Matthew J. Cull -2019 -Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio 13 (1):36-50.
    In this paper I give a definition of assertion that develops William P. Alston’s account. Alston’s account of assertion combines a responsibility condition R, which captures the appropriate socio-normative status that one undertakes in asserting something, with an explicit presentation condition, such that the speech act in some way presents the content of what is being asserted. I develop Alston’s account of explicit presentation and add a Brandomian responsibility condition. I then argue that this produces an attractive position on the (...) nature of assertion. (shrink)
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  27.  106
    Physically Sufficient Neural Mechanisms of Consciousness.Matthew Owen &Mihretu P. Guta -2019 -Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 13 (24):1-14.
    Neural correlates of consciousness (for brevity NCC) are foundational to the scientific study of consciousness. Chalmers (2000) has provided the most informative and influential definition of NCC, according to which neural correlates are minimally sufficient for consciousness. However, the sense of sufficiency needs further clarification since there are several relevant senses with different entailments. In section one of this article, we give an overview of the desiderata for a good definition of NCC and Chalmers’s definition. The second section analyses the (...) merit of understanding the sufficiency of neural correlates for corresponding consciousness according to three relevant types of sufficiency: logical, metaphysical, and physical. In section three, a theoretical approach to consciousness studies is suggested in light of the sense in which NCC are sufficient for consciousness. Section four addresses a concern some might have about this approach. By the end, it will become apparent that our conception of NCC has important implications for research methodology, neuroethics, and the vitality of the search for NCC. (shrink)
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  28. The reliability problem for reliabilism.Matthew Frise -2018 -Philosophical Studies 175 (4):923-945.
    According to process reliabilism, a belief produced by a reliable belief-forming process is justified. I introduce problems for this theory on any account of reliability. Does the performance of a process in some domain of worlds settle its reliability? The theories that answer “Yes” typically fail to state the temporal parameters of this performance. I argue that any theory paired with any plausible parameters has implausible implications. The theories that answer “No,” I argue, thereby lack essential support and exacerbate familiar (...) problems. There are new reasons to avoid any reliability conditions on justification. (shrink)
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  29. Pragmatic Evolutions of the Kantian a priori: From the Mental to the Bodily.Matthew Crippen -2007 - In Krzysztof Skowroński & Sami Pihlström, Pragmatist Kant: Pragmatism, Kant, and Kantianism in the Twenty-first Century. pp. 150-171.
  30.  33
    The neurobiology of categorization.F. Gregory Ashby &Matthew J. Crossley -2010 - In Denis Mareschal, Paul Quinn & Stephen E. G. Lea,The Making of Human Concepts. Oxford University Press. pp. 75--98.
  31. (1 other version)Reconsidering Spinoza's Free Man: The Model of Human Nature.Matthew Kisner -2010 -Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy 5.
    Spinoza’s remarks on the exemplar or model of human nature, while few and brief, have far-reaching consequences for his ethics. While commentators have offered a variety of interpretations of the model and its implications, there has been near unanimous agreement on one point, that the identity of the model is the free man, described from E4P66S to E4P73. Since the free man is completely self-determining and, thus, perfectly free and rational, this reading indicates that Spinoza’s ethics sets exceptionally high goals, (...) aiming to make us purely active beings. While this conclusion has been embraced in some quarters—particularly by those who see his ethics as aiming to make us like God—it has also been criticized as intolerant of human weakness and vulnerability. Most work on this subject has been concerned to explain what it means for the free man to serve as the model. This is a difficult task, since Spinoza pointedly claims that it is impossible for human beings to become completely self-determining and, thus, free men. Consequently, it is unclear what implications his claims about the free man have for us, ordinary humans. This paper takes a different approach: I will show that reading the free man as the model of human nature, while intuitively appealing, does not stand up to close scrutiny. The argument for this claim has two prongs: the first asserts that there is not sufficient textual evidence to establish that Spinoza intended the free man to serve as the model; the second asserts that this reading is impossible to reconcile with Spinoza’s other philosophical commitments. In particular, Spinoza holds that we pursue the model of human nature, as well as the general ethical goals of attaining our good and perfection, under the guidance of reason. It would be inconsistent with this claim for Spinoza’s ethics to be founded upon attaining a goal that reason reveals as unattainable and, even, confused. In addition to this negative thesis, I will also defend a positive one: the model of human nature should rather be understood as representing the greatest possible perfection of our nature as it is revealed by reason. The free man meanwhile should be understood as working toward a different goal, determining what is good and bad in the emotions. In making this claim, we offer a very different picture of Spinoza’s ethical goals, for reason shows that our nature is conatus, which is a finite mode and, as such, necessarily determined by and passive with respect to other finite modes. Consequently, a model derived from reason will represent the perfection of this nature as passive to some extent. In this way, I provide a picture of Spinoza’s ethics that takes a more sympathetic view of human weakness and vulnerability. (shrink)
     
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  32.  11
    Neural Voices of Patients with Severe Brain Injury?Matthew Owen,Darren Hight &Anthony G. Hudetz -forthcoming -Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics:1-22.
    Studies have shown that some covertly conscious brain-injured patients, who are behaviorally unresponsive, can reply to simple questions via neuronal responses. Given the possibility of such neuronal responses, Andrew Peterson et al. have argued that there is warrant for some covertly conscious patients being included in low-stakes medical decisions using neuronal responses, which could protect and enhance their autonomy. The justification for giving credence to alleged neuronal responses must be analyzed from various perspectives, including neurology, bioethics, law, and as we (...) suggest, philosophy of mind. In this article, we analyze the warrant for giving credence to neuronal responses from two different views in philosophy of mind. We consider how nonreductive physicalism’s causal exclusion problem elicits doubt about interpreting neural activity as indicating a conscious response. By contrast, such an interpretation is supported by the mind-body powers model of neural correlates of consciousness inspired by hylomorphism. (shrink)
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  33.  32
    John Heil’s General Ontology.Matthew Bisconti -2021 -The Monist 104 (1):28-37.
    A categorial dualist, John Heil includes substance and property in his ontology. But in his case for dualism, there are pressures to drop substance or property and endorse monism, as well as pressures to include both. Rather than defend monism or dualism, I introduce a distinction. If a category is a kind of entities, then substance is the only category. If an accounting of categories is to include property, then property must enter not as a kind of entities but a (...) kind of aspects of reality. The distinction is worth deploying for two main reasons. First, it makes plain an important difference between substances and properties, which categorial dualism obscures. Second, the distinction reduces puzzlement about whether and how to include relation in an accounting of categories. (shrink)
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  34.  132
    The Decomposition of the Corporate Body: What Kant Cannot Contribute to Business Ethics.Matthew C. Altman -2007 -Journal of Business Ethics 74 (3):253-266.
    Kant is gaining popularity in business ethics because the categorical imperative rules out actions such as deceptive advertising and exploitative working conditions, both of which treat people merely as means to an end. However, those who apply Kant in this way often hold businesses themselves morally accountable, and this conception of collective responsibility contradicts the kind of moral agency that underlies Kant's ethics. A business has neither inclinations nor the capacity to reason, so it lacks the conditions necessary for constraint (...) by the moral law. Instead, corporate policies ought to be understood as analogous to legal constraints. They may encourage or discourage certain actions, but they cannot determine a person's maxim - which for Kant is the focus of moral judgment. Because there is no collective intention apart from any intentions of the individual agents who act as members of the corporation, an organization itself has no moral obligations. This poses a dilemma: either apply the categorical imperative to the actions of particular businesspeople and surrender the notion of collective responsibility, or apply a different moral theory to the actions of businesses themselves. Given the diffusion of responsibility in a bureaucracy, the explanatory usefulness of collective responsibility may force business ethicists to abandon Kant's moral philosophy. (shrink)
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  35. A Thousand Little Guantanamos: Western States and Measures to Prevent the Arrival of Refugees.Matthew J. Gibney -2006 - In Kate E. Tunstall,Displacement, Asylum, Migration: The Oxford Amnesty Lectures 2004. Oxford University Press. pp. 139-169.
     
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  36.  111
    Through the Moral Maze: Searching for Absolute Values in a Pluralistic World.RobertKane -1994 - Armonk, N.Y.: Routledge.
    "On the ... issue of our pluralistic age -- whether we can continue to believe in absolute value -- RobertKane has written the most helpful discussion I know.
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  37.  191
    Skepticism and elegance: problems for the abductivist reply to Cartesian skepticism.Matthew B. Gifford -2013 -Philosophical Studies 164 (3):685-704.
    Some philosophers argue that we are justified in rejecting skepticism because it is explanatorily inferior to more commonsense hypotheses about the world. Focusing on the work of Jonathan Vogel, I show that this “abductivist” or “inference to the best explanation” response rests on an impoverished explanatory framework which ignores the explanatory gap between an object's having certain properties and its appearing to have those properties. Once this gap is appreciated, I argue, the abductivist strategy is defeated.
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  38.  39
    Representing Computer-Aided Design: Screenshots and the Interactive Computer circa 1960.Matthew Allen -2016 -Perspectives on Science 24 (6):637-668.
    Sometimes in the course of image-making, images are asked to represent unusual things. Around 1960, scientists and engineers working on the Computer-Aided Design Project at MIT began imagining that computers could be “active partners” to human designers. They began talking about a future of “human-computer symbiosis.” And they created a new type of image—the screenshot—that represented this new possibility. This paper describes early CAD research as a site for the emergence of the ideal of the interactive computer and how this (...) ideal was described and distributed through screenshots.Though we now routinely associate computers with interactivity, interactivity was beyond the average user’s experience in 1960.... (shrink)
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  39.  23
    Broad concepts and messy realities: optimising the application of mental capacity criteria.Scott Y. H. Kim,Nuala B.Kane,Alexander Ruck Keene &Gareth S. Owen -2022 -Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (11):838-844.
    Most jurisdictions require that a mental capacity assessment be conducted using a functional model whose definition includes several abilities. In England and Wales and in increasing number of countries, the law requires a person be able to understand, to retain, to use or weigh relevant information and to communicate one’s decision. But interpreting and applying broad and vague criteria, such as the ability ‘to use or weigh’ to a diverse range of presentations is challenging. By examining actual court judgements of (...) capacity, we previously developed a descriptive typology of justifications used in the application of the Mental Capacity Act criteria. We here critically optimise this typology by showing how clear definitions—and thus boundaries—between the criteria can be achieved if the ‘understanding’ criterion is used narrowly and the multiple rationales that fall under the ability to ‘use or weigh’ are specifically enumerated in practice. Such a typology-aided practice, in theory, could make functional capacity assessments more transparent, accountable, reliable and valid. It may also help to create targeted supports for decision making by the vulnerable. We also discuss how the typology could evolve legally and scientifically, and how it lays the groundwork for clinical research on the abilities enumerated by the MCA. No data are available. This paper does not report any original data. (shrink)
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  40.  6
    Total Freedom: Toward a Dialectical Libertarianism.ChrisMatthew Sciabarra -2000 - Pennsylvania State University Press.
    Building upon his previous books about Marx, Hayek, and Rand, _Total Freedom_ completes what _Lingua Franca_ has called Sciabarra’s "epic scholarly quest" to reclaim dialectics, usually associated with the Marxian left, as a methodology that can revivify libertarian thought. Part One surveys the history of dialectics from the ancient Greeks through the Austrian school of economics. Part Two investigates in detail the work of Murray Rothbard as a leading modern libertarian, in whose thought Sciabarra finds both dialectical and nondialectical elements. (...) Ultimately, Sciabarra aims for a dialectical-libertarian synthesis, highlighting the need to think of the "totality" of interconnections in a dynamic system as the way to ensure human freedom while avoiding "totalitarianism". (shrink)
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  41.  104
    Resistance and Resilience Beyond Rambouillet.Matthew C. Ally -1999 -Radical Philosophy Review 2 (1):21-30.
  42.  62
    Electrodynamics at spatial infinity.Matthew Alexander &Peter G. Bergmann -1984 -Foundations of Physics 14 (10):925-951.
    In preparation for the treatment of the gravitational field at spatial infinity, this paper deals with the electromagnetic field at spatial infinity. The field equations on this three-dimensional(1+2) manifold can be obtained from an action principle, which in turn lends itself to a Hamiltonian formulation. Quantization is formally straightforward, but some thought is given to the physical interpretation of the results.
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  43.  32
    The gravitational field at spatial infinity.Matthew Alexander &Peter G. Bergmann -1986 -Foundations of Physics 16 (5):445-454.
    This paper treats the formulation of the gravitational field variables and the equations obeyed by them at spatial infinity. The variables consist of a three-dimensional tensor and a scalar, which satisfy separate field equations, which in turn can be obtained from two distinct Lagrangians. Aside from Lorentz rotations, the symmetry operations include an Abelian gauge group and an Abelian Lie group, leading to a number of conservation laws and to differential identities between the field equations.
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  44.  96
    Normative inertia, historical momentum and moral invention.Matthew Ally -2000 -Sartre Studies International 6 (1):105-115.
  45.  65
    Reading Catalano's Reading Sartre.Matthew C. Ally -2011 -Sartre Studies International 17 (2):81-88.
  46.  67
    Sartre's Wagers - humanism, solidarity, liberation.Matthew C. Ally -2003 -Sartre Studies International 9 (2):68-76.
  47.  56
    The Limits of Kant’s Cosmopolitanism: Theory, Practice, and the Crisis in Syria.Matthew C. Altman -2017 -Kantian Review 22 (2):179-204.
    Although Kant defends a cosmopolitan ideal, his philosophy is problematically vague regarding how to achieve it, which lends support to the empty formalism charge. How Kant would respond to the crisis in Syria reveals that judgement plays too central a role, because Kantian principles lead to equally reasonable but opposite conclusions on how to weigh the duty of hospitality to refugees against a state’s duty to its own citizens, the right of prevention towards ISIS against the duty not to harm (...) non-combatants, and the responsibility to protect the people of Syria against the duty of non-interference in its internal affairs. (shrink)
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  48. The Politics of Moral Capital.JohnKane -2001 - Cambridge University Press.
    It is often said that politics is an amoral realm of power and interest in which moral judgment is irrelevant. In this book, by contrast, JohnKane argues that people's positive moral judgments of political actors and institutions provide leaders with an important resource, which he christens 'moral capital'. Negative judgements cause a loss of moral capital which jeopardizes legitimacy and political survival. Studies of several historical and contemporary leaders - Lincoln, de Gaulle, Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi - (...) illustrate the significance of moral capital for political legitimation, mobilizing support, and the creation of strategic opportunities. In the book's final section,Kane applies his arguments to the American presidency from Kennedy to Clinton. He argues that a moral crisis has afflicted the nation at its mythical heart and has been refracted through and enacted within its central institutions, eroding the moral capital of government and people and undermining the nation's morale. (shrink)
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  49.  384
    The value of humanity and Kant's conception of evil.Matthew Caswell -2006 -Journal of the History of Philosophy 44 (4):635-663.
    Matthew Caswell - The Value of Humanity and Kant's Conception of Evil - Journal of the History of Philosophy 44:4 Journal of the History of Philosophy 44.4 635-663 Muse Search Journals This Journal Contents The Value of Humanity and Kant's Conception of EvilMatthew Caswell Recent years have seen the development of a powerful reinterpretation of Kant's basic approach in ethical thought. Kant, it is argued, should not be read as defending the stark, metaphysics-laden formalism for which his (...) theory is so famous. Rather, the reinterpreters claim that the heart of Kantian practical philosophy is the absolute value of humanity, or human rational nature. Kant's ethics can thus be understood as a "theory of value," in which the singular value of our own end-setting capacity as rational agents is taken as supreme, or even as the source of all value. On this reading, morality is just acting in such a way that respects or promotes the value of humanity. Moreover, this value may be deduced through an immanent, regressive argument about the conditions of practical agency as such, according to which any adequate conception of ourselves as agents commits us, finally, to moral norms. The consequences of this approach to Kantian ethics for such central issues as the doctrine of transcendental freedom, ethical formalism, the meaning of Kantian deontology, and indeed the very picture of human moral life for which Kant's theory is meant to account are profound... (shrink)
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  50.  59
    Does Moral Philosophy ‘Leave Everything As It Is’?Matthew Congdon -2022 -Analysis 82 (1):169-179.
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