Shin kōgakuchi.Hiroyuki Yoshikawa,Toshiharu Taura,Teruo Koyama &MasatoshiItō (eds.) -1997 - Tōkyō: Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai.detailsエンジニアの「知」は21世紀を拓けるか。モノを「つくる」とは、どういうことか。技術者の心に由来する「知」のありように迫る。技術における「知」の現代性を確認する。.
Genji hōgaku no riron to jissen:Itō Susumu Kyōju kiju kinen ronbunshū.SusumuItō &Chikahiko Sōda (eds.) -2000 - Tōkyō: Keiō Gijuku Daigaku Shuppankai.details慶応義塾大学法学部のゼミナール「伊東乾民事訴訟法研究会」の卒業生の会「乾会」による論文集。今回はテーマを民事訴訟法に限ることなく、現在関心を持っている法律分野について執筆した。.
Itō Jinsai's Gomō jigi and the philosophical definition of early modern Japan.JinsaiItō -1998 - Boston: Brill. Edited by John Allen Tucker.detailsThis volume presents the first unabridged translation of Ito Jinsai's (1627-1705) masterwork, the Gomo jigi (Philosophical Lexicography of the Analects and ...
Unlocking Startup Ecosystems: Conceptual Basis for Escaping Low-and-Lower-Middle-Income Trap through Poverty Reduction.Masatoshi Hara -forthcoming -Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture:471-484.detailsThe Low-and-Lower-Middle-Income Trap (LLMIT) poses a significant challenge for economies in low-and-lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), hindering their progress towards higher income levels. This issue is especially prevalent in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, where job opportunities are scarce, and incomes are unstable. To address these challenges and promote economic development, particularly in terms of innovation and poverty reduction, it is essential to accelerate business activities, with a focus on fostering startup ecosystems. Despite the importance of this relationship, there is (...) a noticeable gap in research, especially regarding the connection between startup ecosystems and economic development aimed at poverty reduction in LLMICs striving to overcome the LLMIT. This study conducts a qualitative empirical review to identify crucial conditions for promoting startup ecosystems as contributors to economic development. Preliminary demonstrations of theoretical foundations for escaping LLMIT through nurturing startup ecosystems are presented, referencing 15 selected literatures. Using the Grounded Theory Approach with ATLAS.ti, the findings highlight the scarcity of research on the mechanisms linking startup ecosystems to economic progress, notably in the context of poverty reduction in LLMICs facing LLMIT. The study emphasizes the necessity for continuous support in reviewing economic development policies and regularly monitoring economic performance, particularly in the aim of extensively mitigating LLMIT. (shrink)
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Biologische Erkenntnis und Moderne Physik.Schuntaro Itō -1958 -Philosophy of Science 25 (3):195 - 197.detailsDie neuere Naturwissenschaft trat im 17. Jahrhundert zuerst als “Physik” auf. Man soll sich an die Gründung der modernen Dynamik von Galileo und Newton erinnern.Die methodisch-allgemeine Grundlegung dieser neuen Wissenschaft wird in der Cartesischen Philosophie am klarsten ausgedrückt.
Jiko sekinin to iu bōryoku: Korona-ka ni miru Nihon to iu kuni no kowasa.Masatoshi Saitō -2020 - Tōkyō: Miraisha.details現在のコロナ禍とイラク人質事件に通底する日本人の精神的な抑圧的構造を暴き、日本人とは何かを問う警世・警告の書.
Hokekyō to wa nani ka: sono shisō to haikei.Masatoshi Ueki -2020 - Tōkyō: Chūō Kōron Shinsha.detailsサンスクリット原典の徹底的な精読を通じて明らかにする、『法華経』の教えの真意と現代的意義。.
"Kyōto gakuha" no tetsugaku: Nishida, Miki, Tosaka o chūshin ni.Masatoshi Yoshida -2011 - Tōkyō: Ōtsuki Shoten.details「近代の超克」から「近代の止揚」への“燎爛たる分裂”。西田幾多郎、三木清、戸坂潤の哲学を「個人‐市民‐大衆」形成論として捉える。.
Ethical issues arising from the government allocation of physicians to rural areas: a case study from Japan.Masatoshi Matsumoto &Tatsuki Aikyo -2024 -Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (7):460-465.detailsThe geographically inequitable distribution of physicians has long posed a serious social problem in Japan. The government tackled this problem by establishing and managing Jichi Medical University (JMU) and regional quotas (RQs) for medical schools. JMU/RQs recruit local students who hope to work as physicians in rural areas, educate them for 6 years without tuition (JMU) or with scholarship (RQs), and after graduation, assign them to their home prefectures for 9 years, including 4–6 years of rural service. JMU/RQs entrants now (...) occupy 11.6% of all medical school entrants. While JMU/RQs have been shown to be highly effective in securing physicians for rural areas, ethical issues related to these policies have been raised, such as whether the government truly needs to implement these policies using tax money, and whether it is acceptable to limit the personal freedoms of the physicians. In this paper, we discuss these issues from the perspectives of social justice, utilitarianism, luck egalitarianism, liberty, medical professionalism and consistency with national health insurance and the Japanese Constitution. We conclude that JMU/RQs are necessary and ethically valid policies, and also propose some institutional improvements to better secure the integrity and maturity of these systems. (shrink)
Bukkyō hontō no oshie: Indo, Chūgoku, Nihon no rikai to gokai.Masatoshi Ueki -2012 - Tōkyō: Chūōkōronshinsha.details紀元前五世紀のインドで生まれた仏教。中国では布教に漢訳の経典が用いられたのに対し、日本は漢文のまま経典を輸入した。両国においてサンスクリットの原典は、ほとんど顧みられていない。中国は漢訳ならではの解釈 を生み出し、日本では特権的知識階級である僧が、意図的に読み替えた例もある。ブッダの本来の教えをサンスクリット原典から読み解き、日中両国における仏教受容の思惑・計算・誤解を明らかにする。.
Impact of Early-Commenced and Continued Sports Training on the Precuneus in Older Athletes.Masatoshi Yamashita,Maki Suzuki,Toshikazu Kawagoe,Kohei Asano,Masatoshi Futada,Ryusuke Nakai,Nobuhito Abe &Kaoru Sekiyama -2021 -Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15.detailsIntervention studies on sedentary older adults have demonstrated that commencing physical exercise at an older age has a positive effect on brain structure. Although this suggests that older athletes with lifelong sports training have larger gray matter volume in some brain regions compared to age-matched non-athletes, evidence in the literature is scarce. Moreover, it remains unclear whether a larger GMV is associated with training intensity or period of training in life. To address these gaps in the literature, we compared regional (...) brain GMV between 24 older athletes and 24 age-matched non-athletes. The period of sports training and the current training time of the athletes were assessed. Both groups were evaluated for physical activity intensity as well as cognitive and motor performance. Although no group differences were noted in cognitive and motor performance, athletes reported higher physical activity intensity than non-athletes. Whole-brain structural analysis revealed a significantly larger GMV in several brain regions in athletes. Notably, the GMV of the precuneus in athletes was positively correlated with earlier commencement of sports training and training duration but was negatively correlated with current training time. Our findings demonstrate that early-commenced and continued sports training predicts structural maintenance of the precuneus in old age. Our results also suggest that excessive training time in old age may have a negative impact on the GMV of the precuneus; thereby delineating how the precuneus is associated with lifelong sports training in older athletes. (shrink)
Neural Advantages of Older Musicians Involve the Cerebellum: Implications for Healthy Aging Through Lifelong Musical Instrument Training.Masatoshi Yamashita,Chie Ohsawa,Maki Suzuki,Xia Guo,Makiko Sadakata,Yuki Otsuka,Kohei Asano,Nobuhito Abe &Kaoru Sekiyama -2022 -Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15.detailsThis study compared 30 older musicians and 30 age-matched non-musicians to investigate the association between lifelong musical instrument training and age-related cognitive decline and brain atrophy. Although previous research has demonstrated that young musicians have larger gray matter volume in the auditory-motor cortices and cerebellum than non-musicians, little is known about older musicians. Music imagery in young musicians is also known to share a neural underpinning [the supramarginal gyrus and cerebellum] with music performance. Thus, we hypothesized that older musicians would (...) show superiority to non-musicians in some of the abovementioned brain regions. Behavioral performance, GMV, and brain activity, including functional connectivity during melodic working memory tasks, were evaluated in both groups. Behaviorally, musicians exhibited a much higher tapping speed than non-musicians, and tapping speed was correlated with executive function in musicians. Structural analyses revealed larger GMVs in both sides of the cerebellum of musicians, and importantly, this was maintained until very old age. Task-related FC analyses revealed that musicians possessed greater cerebellar-hippocampal FC, which was correlated with tapping speed. Furthermore, musicians showed higher activation in the SMG during MWM tasks; this was correlated with earlier commencement of instrumental training. These results indicate advantages or heightened coupling in brain regions associated with music performance and imagery in musicians. We suggest that lifelong instrumental training highly predicts the structural maintenance of the cerebellum and related cognitive maintenance in old age. (shrink)
Relationship between children’s skills in school subject learning and athletic ability.Syuro Ito -2022 -Frontiers in Psychology 13.detailsBackground and purposeJapanese elementary school children are trained in arts and crafts, music, arithmetic, the Japanese language, life environment studies, physical education, and so on. Children must learn through doing as they develop physically, because the range of activities in their daily lives is still narrow. Subject learning is inseparable from daily life. Teachers should plan lessons with an awareness of the physicality of activities. Therefore, this study clarified the relationship between the ability for skillful and quick physical movement and (...) subject learning among Japanese elementary school students.MethodsFor the second to fourth grades of elementary school, the measurement results and subject evaluation were compared at the individual level. Students were divided into a group with high grades in subject learning and one with middle and lower grades, and a t-test was conducted to observe if there was a significant difference in the records of two physical activities: repeated side jump and softball throw.Main findingsSignificant difference was found for repeated side jumps depending on whether the arts and crafts grades were high for all children in grades 2–4. Additionally, there was a significant difference in softball throwing records between the second and third graders, depending on whether the children’s performance in arts and crafts was high. Conversely, there was no significant difference between the second to fourth grade children’s musical scores and repeated side jump records. There was a negative correlation between sophomore and senior year music performances and the softball throwing record. Thus, the development of children’s dexterity is related to subject learning.ConclusionConsidering that elementary school teachers spend sufficient time with children on a daily basis teaching subjects such as physical education and music, it may be beneficial for them to be aware of dexterity’s importance across multiple subjects. Furthermore, it allows for an approach that engages children in physical activities from early childhood which can help in preparing them for learning a variety of subjects in school. (shrink)
Organ retention and communication of research use following medico-legal autopsy: a pilot survey of university forensic medicine departments in Japan.Takako Tsujimura-Ito,Yusuke Inoue &Ken-Ichi Yoshida -2014 -Journal of Medical Ethics 40 (9):603-608.detailsThis study investigated the circumstances and problems that departments of forensic medicine encounter with bereaved families regarding samples obtained from medico-legal autopsies. A questionnaire was posted to all 76 departments of forensic medicine performing medico-legal autopsies in Japan, and responses were received from 48 . Of the respondents, 12.8% had approached and communicated with bereaved families about collecting samples from the deceased person during an autopsy and the storage of the samples. In addition, 23.4% of these had informed families that (...) samples might be used in research. Eighteen departments had received enquiries and requests from families about the samples, with most requests concerning their return. The response to such requests varied according to the department. Few departments interacted with the bereaved families regarding the procedure for obtaining autopsy samples, and their methods for handling family concerns differed depending on the person within the department authorised to contact the family. Moreover, the procedures for engaging in such communication have long been unclear, and no legal or ethical consensus or agreement with the general public has been established. It is important for researchers to further discuss the correct way for forensic medicine departments to communicate with bereaved families. (shrink)
A case study comparing research integrity, governance and ethics frameworks to facilitate collaboration between Bristol and Kyoto University.Tatsuya Ito,Gillian Tallents,Liam McKervey,Rachel Davies,Anna Brooke,Jessica Bisset,Jake Harley &Birgit Whitman -2017 -Clinical Ethics 12 (4):205-216.detailsResearchers and non-commercial institutions negotiate complex legislation and guidance when planning and conducting research studies. The documents and processes required differ across nations and their regulatory bodies and it can be challenging to conduct an international study, especially for non-commercial organisations. In this study, colleagues from Japan and the UK worked closely together focusing on the legislation, organisations, trial processes, ethics review and quality assurance frameworks of clinical trials in two countries, the UK, demonstrated on the model of practices in (...) the University of Bristol and University Hospital Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, and Japan, based on the model in Kyoto University Hospital. Although the ICH tripartite guidelines were developed with participation from both the EU and Japan the set-up and approval processes for clinical trials are different between the two countries while the expectations for quality assurance are similar. We will argue that the f... (shrink)
40-Okunen, Inochi No Tabi.AkioItō -2018 - Tōkyō-to Chiyoda-ku: Kabushiki Kaisha Iwanami Shoten.details40億年に及ぶとされる、地球における生命の歴史。共通の祖先から進化した生きものたちは、多様でありながら共通点もあわせ持っています。いのちとは何か?いのちはどのようにして生まれたのか?どのように考えられ てきたのか?その歴史をひもときながら、私たちの来た道と、これから行く道を、探ってみましょう。.