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While changes in response to the different stages of the pandemic remain unknown, this study investigated the longitudinal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on depressive symptoms in Japanese university students and identified factors associated with new onset of depression and suicidal ideation. Two surveys were conducted at one university in Akita, Japan, during the first COVID-19 outbreak period and 1 year later. Moderate depressive symptoms were defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 10 and suicide-related ideation score ≥ 1 (...) on question 9 of the questionnaire. Among 985 students who completed surveys in T1 and T2, participants with moderate depressive symptoms and suicide-related ideation increased from 11 to 17% and from 5.8 to 11.8%, respectively. Among 872 students at risk after excluding those with moderate depressive symptoms at T1, 103 students developed moderate depressive symptoms at T2. Among the 928 students at risk, after excluding those who had suicidal ideation at T1, 79 developed suicidal ideation. Multivariate logistic modeling revealed financial insecurity and academic performance as risk factors, while having someone to consult about worries was a coping factor for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Our findings demonstrated that socioenvironmental factors may determine depressive symptoms of university students. (shrink)

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Masahito Mori hypothesised that robots that look somewhat but not quite enough like humans are likely to arouse a sense of unease and discomfort. This hugely influential design hypothesis about robot appearance has been dubbed the ‘Uncanny Valley.’ I argue that there is a more general formulation of this principle that can be extended beyond the aesthetic domain of robot appearance. Specifically, I propose that there exists a _Moral Uncanny Valley_, which occurs when the behaviour of artificial agents mimics (...) somewhat but not quite enough the moral behaviour of humans.The question then is: what should we do about the Moral Uncanny Valley? The solution Mori proposed for the appearance of robots is to _avoid_ the Uncanny Valley and, given the inevitability of failing to reach the second peak, advised designers to design machines specifically to aim for the first peak: that is, to look _less_ like humans. Instead of making a parallel recommendation in the moral case, I explore the dangers of being too comfortable around machines and thus the advantages of _embracing_ the Moral Uncanny Valley. The sense of the uncanny brought about through what I call ‘discomfort by design’ can be useful for helping us to avoid making moral mistakes, like over-ascribing moral agency, patiency and responsibility. (shrink)

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In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:East-West ExchangeFr. Pierre-François de BéthuneThe European Commissions together organized the tenth spiritual East-West Exchange held June 3–28, 2005. Invited by the Institute for Zen Studies of Hanazono University, nine nuns and monks (from England, Scotland, France, the Low Countries, Norway, Portugal, and the United States) spent some time in Zen monasteries in Japan.As a conclusion to these visits there were two days of evaluation and reflection at the university (...) itself. The bishop of Kyöto, Paul Otsuka, was present, together with a large number of masters and professors. Two monks who are living in Japan came to participate at this symposium: Fr. Kieran Nolan, from the Benedictine monastery ofFushimi, and Fr. David Lavich, chaplain of the Trappist monastery of Nasu. The Reverend Töga Masataka, general secretary of the Institute for Zen Studies, gave the first presentation of these initiatives of dialogue. This was followed by a celebration in memory of Pope John Paul II, presided successively by the rector of the university, for the Buddhist part, and by the Right Rev. Otsuka, who celebrated the Eucharist.Finally, two lectures recalled the history of the ten spiritual exchanges, which started in 1979. The Reverend Yasunaga Södö described the Japanese approach and Fr. Pierre-François de Béthune presented the history of this dialogue from the European point of view.Fr. Pierre-François de BéthuneMonastère de Clerlande (Belgium)Copyright © 2006 The University of Hawai'i Press... (shrink)

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