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Results for 'Marc D. Mauser'

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  1.  30
    Cultural learning: Are there functional consequences?Marc D.Mauser -1993 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):524-524.
  2. Bridging emotion theory and neurobiology through dynamic systems modeling.Marc D. Lewis -2005 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28 (2):169-194.
    Efforts to bridge emotion theory with neurobiology can be facilitated by dynamic systems (DS) modeling. DS principles stipulate higher-order wholes emerging from lower-order constituents through bidirectional causal processes cognition relations. I then present a psychological model based on this reconceptualization, identifying trigger, self-amplification, and self-stabilization phases of emotion-appraisal states, leading to consolidating traits. The article goes on to describe neural structures and functions involved in appraisal and emotion, as well as DS mechanisms of integration by which they interact. These mechanisms (...) include nested feedback interactions, global effects of neuromodulation, vertical integration, action-monitoring, and synaptic plasticity, and they are modeled in terms of both functional integration and temporal synchronization. I end by elaborating the psychological model of emotion–appraisal states with reference to neural processes. (shrink)
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  3.  8
    Managed care and public health.Marc D. Hiller -2000 -Inquiry (Misc) 37 (3).
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  4. Computers, health records, and the right to privacy.Marc D. Hiller &Vivian Beyda -1981 - InMedical ethics and the law: implications for public policy. Cambridge: Ballinger Pub. Co..
     
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  5. Sephardism and Modernity: Jewish Communities in Flux.PhD RabbiMarc D. Angel -2023 - In Stanley M. Davids & Leah Hochman,Re-forming Judaism: moments of disruption in Jewish thought. New York: Central Conference of American Rabbis.
     
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  6.  11
    Jerusalem, Athens, and Rome: Essays in Honor of James V. Schall, S.J.Marc D. Guerra (ed.) -2013 - St. Augustine's Press.
    James V. Schall, S.J. is unquestionably one of the wisest Catholic political thinkers of our time. For more than forty years, Fr. Schall has been an unabashed practitioner of what he does not hesitate to call Roman Catholic political philosophy. A prolific writer and renowned teacher at Georgetown University, Fr. Schall has helped to educate two generations of Catholic thinkers. The present volume brings together seventeen essays by noted scholars in honor of Fr. Schall. It is a testimony to Fr. (...) Schall's erudition and influence that the authors of these essays did not have the privilege of directly studying under him. Rather, they are the indirect but grateful beneficiaries of "Another Sort of Learning," one that Fr. Schall tirelessly defends and practices. An appendix lists all the books Schall has written. Contributors includeMarc Guerra, J. Brian Benestad, Francis Canavan, S.J., Kenneth Grasso, Thomas Hibbs, John Hittinger, Mary Keys, Robert Kraynak, Douglas Kries, Rev. Matthew Lamb, Peter Augustine Lawler, Frederick Lawrence, Daniel Mahorky, Graham McAleer, Michael Novak, Tracey Rowland, and Paul Seaton. (shrink)
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  7. (1 other version)4. Christianity and Contemporary Political Life.Marc D. Guerra -2008 -Logos- St. Thomas 11 (4).
  8. Good and bad de-hellenization.Marc D. Guerra -2011 - In Bainard Cowan,Gained horizons: Regensburg and the enlargement of reason. South Bend, Ind.: St. Augustine's Press.
  9.  7
    Reason, Revelation, and Human Affairs: Selected Writings of James V. Schall.Marc D. Guerra -2001 - Lexington Books.
    This book is intended to serve as an introduction to the thought of James V. Schall, arguably one of the best, perhaps even the only, authentically Thomistic political scientist writing today. In contrast to main currents in contemporary Thomism, Schall remains conversant with the great tradition of political philosophy and therefore appreciates the complex and relatively imprecise nature of political reflection. In this book, the distinguished theorist addresses a wide range of subjects, including the question of overpopulation, the thought of (...) Charles McCoy and Leo Strauss, the role of Christianity in political philosophy, and the challenges that the democratic project pose to human beings' perception of the truth. As a meditation on practical and theoretical political questions, self-consciously proceeding from the perspectives of both nature and grace, the book provides a unique picture of what a genuine Thomistic political science might look like. (shrink)
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  10.  12
    Medical ethics and the law: implications for public policy.Marc D. Hiller (ed.) -1981 - Cambridge: Ballinger Pub. Co..
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  11. Medical ethics and public policy.Marc D. Hiller -1981 - InMedical ethics and the law: implications for public policy. Cambridge: Ballinger Pub. Co..
     
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  12. Evolutionary and developmental foundations of human knowledge.Marc D. Hauser &Elizabeth Spelke -2004 - In Michael S. Gazzaniga,The Cognitive Neurosciences III. MIT Press.
    What are the brain and cognitive systems that allow humans to play baseball, compute square roots, cook soufflés, or navigate the Tokyo subways? It may seem that studies of human infants and of non-human animals will tell us little about these abilities, because only educated, enculturated human adults engage in organized games, formal mathematics, gourmet cooking, or map-reading. In this chapter, we argue against this seemingly sensible conclusion. When human adults exhibit complex, uniquely human, culture-specific skills, they draw on a (...) set of psychological and neural mechanisms with two distinctive properties: they evolved before humanity and thus are shared with other animals, and they emerge early in human development and thus are common to infants, children, and adults. These core knowledge systems form the building blocks for uniquely human skills. Without them we wouldn’t be able to learn about different kinds of games, mathematics, cooking, or maps. To understand what is special about human intelligence, therefore, we must study both the core knowledge systems on which it rests and the mechanisms by which these systems are orchestrated to permit new kinds of concepts and cognitive processes. What is core knowledge? A wealth of research on non-human primates and on human infants suggests that a system of core knowledge is characterized by four properties (Hauser, 2000; Spelke, 2000). First, it is domain-specific: each system functions to represent particular kinds of entities such as conspecific agents, manipulable objects, places in the environmental layout, and numerosities. Second, it is task-specific: each system uses its representations to address specific questions about the world, such as “who is this?” [face recognition], “what does this do?” [categorization of artifacts], “where am I?” [spatial orientation], and “how many are here?” [enumeration]. Third, it is relatively encapsulated: each uses only a subset of the information delivered by an animal’s input systems and sends information only to a subset of the animal’s output systems. (shrink)
     
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  13. Reviving Rawls's linguistic analogy: Operative principles and the causal structure of moral actions.Marc D. Hauser,Liane Young &Fiery Cushman -2008 - In W. Sinnott-Armstrong,Moral Psychology Vol. 2. MIT Press.
    The thesis we develop in this essay is that all humans are endowed with a moral faculty. The moral faculty enables us to produce moral judgments on the basis of the causes and consequences of actions. As an empirical research program, we follow the framework of modern linguistics.1 The spirit of the argument dates back at least to the economist Adam Smith (1759/1976) who argued for something akin to a moral grammar, and more recently, to the political philosopher John Rawls (...) (1971). The logic of the argument, however, comes from Noam Chomsky’s thinking on language specifically and the nature of knowledge more generally (Chomsky, 1986, 1988, 2000; Saporta, 1978). If the nature of moral knowledge is comparable in some way to the nature of linguistic knowledge, as defended recently by Harman (1977), Dwyer (1999, 2004), and Mikhail (2000; in press), then what should we expect to find when we look at the anatomy of our moral faculty? Is there a grammar, and if so, how can the moral grammarian uncover its structure? Are we aware of our moral grammar, its method of operation, and its moment-to-moment functioning in our judgments? Is there a universal moral grammar that allows each child to build a particular moral grammar? Once acquired, are different moral grammars mutually incomprehensible in the same way that a native Chinese speaker finds a native Italian speaker incomprehensible? How does the child acquire a particular moral grammar, especially if her experiences are impoverished relative to the moral judgments she makes? Are there certain forms of brain damage that disrupt moral competence but leave other forms of reasoning intact? And how did this machinery evolve, and for what particular adaptive function? We will have more to say about many of these questions later on, and Hauser (2006) develops others. However, in order to flesh out the key ideas and particular empirical research paths, let us turn to some of the central questions in the study of our language faculty.. (shrink)
     
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  14.  175
    Wrongful Harm to Future Generations: The Case of Climate Change.Marc D. Davidson -2008 -Environmental Values 17 (4):471 - 488.
    In this article I argue that governments are justified in addressing the potential for human induced climate damages on the basis of future generations' rights to bodily integrity and personal property. First, although future generations' entitlements to property originate in our present entitlements, the principle of self-ownership requires us to take 'reasonable care' of the products of future labour. Second, while Parfit's non-identity problem has as yet no satisfactory solution, the present absence of an equilibrium between theory and intuitions justifies (...) a precautionary approach, i.e. treating climate damage as a wrongful harm. In addition, a supplementary consideration is described as arising from transcendental needs. (shrink)
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  15.  115
    Getting emotional - a neural perspective on emotion, intention, and consciousness.Marc D. Lewis &Rebecca M. Todd -2005 -Journal of Consciousness Studies 12 (8-10):210-235.
    Intentions and emotions arise together, and emotions compel us to pursue goals. However, it is not clear when emotions become objects of awareness, how emotional awareness changes with goal pursuit, or how psychological and neural processes mediate such change. We first review a psychological model of emotional episodes and propose that goal obstruction extends the duration of these episodes while increasing cognitive complexity and emotional intensity. We suggest that attention is initially focused on action plans and their obstruction, and only (...) when this obstruction persists does focal attention come to include emotional states themselves. We then model the self-organization of neural activities that hypothetically underlie the evolution of an emotional episode. Phases of emotional awareness are argued to parallel phases of synchronization across neural systems. We suggest that prefrontal activities greatly extend intentional states while focal attention integrates emotional awareness and goal pursuit in a comprehensive sense of the self in the world. (shrink)
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  16.  63
    Segmentation of the speech stream in a non-human primate: statistical learning in cotton-top tamarins.Marc D. Hauser,Elissa L. Newport &Richard N. Aslin -2001 -Cognition 78 (3):B53-B64.
  17.  89
    Individual Responsibility to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Kantian Deontological Perspective.Marc D. Davidson -2023 -Environmental Values 32 (6):683-699.
    As a collective action problem, climate change is best tackled by coordination. Most moral philosophers therefore agree on our individual responsibility as political citizens to help establish such coordination. There is disagreement, however, on our individual responsibilities as consumers to reduce emissions before such coordination is established. In this article I argue that from a Kantian deontological perspective we have a perfect duty to refrain from activities that we would not perform if appropriate coordination were established. Moral autonomy means that (...) we do not need to wait for an external lawmaker to tell us what we ought to do. In practice, this means basing our decisions on a shadow price for carbon: if we would not go out for a drive on a sunny Sunday afternoon in a gas-guzzling sport utility vehicle if gas prices were twice as high, we should not do it now. Moreover, we have imperfect duties to reduce emissions by more than our perfect duties require. (shrink)
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  18.  106
    Three Time Scales of Neural Self-Organization Underlying Basic and Nonbasic Emotions.Marc D. Lewis &Zhong-xu Liu -2011 -Emotion Review 3 (4):416-423.
    Our model integrates the nativist assumption of prespecified neural structures underpinning basic emotions with the constructionist view that emotions are assembled from psychological constituents. From a dynamic systems perspective, the nervous system self-organizes in different ways at different time scales, in relation to functions served by emotions. At the evolutionary scale, brain parts and their connections are specified by selective pressures. At the scale of development, connectivity is revised through synaptic shaping. At the scale of real time, temporary networks of (...) synchronized activity mediate responses to situations. To the degree that humans share common emotional functions, neural structuration is similar across scales, giving rise to “basic” emotions. However, unique developmental and situational factors select for neural configurations mediating emotional variants. (shrink)
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  19.  27
    Comment: The Next Frontier: Prosody Research Gets Interpersonal.Marc D. Pell &Sonja A. Kotz -2021 -Emotion Review 13 (1):51-56.
    Neurocognitive models (e.g., Schirmer & Kotz, 2006) have helped to characterize how listeners incrementally derive meaning from vocal expressions of emotion in spoken language, what neural mechanisms are involved at different processing stages, and their relative time course. But how can these insights be applied to communicative situations in which prosody serves a predominantly interpersonal function? This comment examines recent data highlighting the dynamic interplay of prosody and language, when vocal attributes serve the sociopragmatic goals of the speaker or reveal (...) interpersonal information that listeners use to construct a mental representation of what is being communicated. Our comment serves as a beacon to researchers interested in how the neurocognitive system “makes sense” of socioemotive aspects of prosody. (shrink)
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  20.  84
    Choosing among candidates for scarce medical resources.Marc D. Basson -1979 -Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 4 (3):313-333.
  21.  57
    Unifying psychophysics: And what if things are not so simple?Marc Brysbaert &Géry D'Ydewalle -1989 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):271-273.
  22.  115
    When your moral organ is right!Marc D. Hauser -2008 -Think 7 (19):17-21.
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  23.  36
    Self-organising Cognitive Appraisals.Marc D. Lewis -1996 -Cognition and Emotion 10 (1):1-26.
  24. Patient rights and college health.Marc D. Hiller -1981 - InMedical ethics and the law: implications for public policy. Cambridge: Ballinger Pub. Co..
     
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  25.  40
    Sunstein's heuristics provide insufficient descriptive and explanatory adequacy.Marc D. Hauser -2005 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28 (4):553-554.
    In considering a domain of knowledge – language, music, mathematics, or morality – it is necessary to derive principles that can describe the mature state and explain how an individual reaches this state. Although Sunstein's heuristics go some way toward a description of our moral sense, it is not clear that they are at the right level of description, and as stated, they provide no guidelines for looking at the acquisition process – the problem of explanatory adequacy.
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  26. To innovate or not to innovate? That is the question.Marc D. Hauser -2003 - In Simon M. Reader & Kevin N. Laland,Animal Innovation. Oxford University Press.
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  27.  13
    The Liver and the Moral Organ.Marc D. Hauser -2009 - In Michael Ruse,Philosophy After Darwin: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Princeton University Press. pp. 423-433.
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  28.  45
    Emotional speech processing: Disentangling the effects of prosody and semantic cues.Marc D. Pell,Abhishek Jaywant,Laura Monetta &Sonja A. Kotz -2011 -Cognition and Emotion 25 (5):834-853.
  29.  39
    Bioethical decision-making: A reply to Ackerman.Marc D. Basson -1983 -Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 8 (2):181-186.
    Terrence Ackerman has suggested that we ought to view general bioethical principles as generalizations which summarize our previous bioethical decisions rather than as moral rules. He would have us derive our ethical views instead principally from the facts of the cases in question and our intuitions about them. The proposal is attractive because of its similarity to medical decision-making, but it fails because it allows for no higher order standard of reference against which conflicting ethical intuitions may be judged. CiteULike (...) Connotea Del.icio.us What's this? (shrink)
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  30.  20
    Beyond Canterbury: Can Medicine and Law Agree about Informed Consent? And Does It Matter?Marc D. Ginsberg -2017 -Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 45 (1):106-111.
    Informed consent is central to the law of the physicianpatient relationship, respecting patient autonomy. This paper addresses a conflict between law and medicine in defining informed consent. Additionally, it addresses the possibility that patients prefer not to be “informed“ and would defer decision-making to their physicians.
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  31. James V. Schall on politics and the problem of faith and reason.Marc D. Guerra -2001 -Gregorianum 82 (2):357-383.
    L'article est une introduction à la pensée politique /catholique de James V. Schall, S.J. Deux oeuvres majeures de Schall sur la théorie politique, Reason, Revelation and the Foundations of Political Philosophy et At the Limits of Political Philosophy: From « Brillant Errors » to Things of Uncommon Importance, présentent un exposé thomiste des origines et des fins de la philosophie politique. Pour Schall, la philosophie politique trouve son origine dans la reconnaissance de questions éternelles de base, telles la nature de (...) la justice et la question de savoir qui doit détenir le pouvoir, - questions qui se posent naturellement dans la vie politique. Mais, comme Schall le montre, les problèmes que ces questions soulèvent conduisent de façon ultime à un horizon qui dépasse le domaine du politique. En fait, pour Schall, les questions humaines importantes que la philosophie politique pose reçoivent finalement leurs réponses les plus intelligibles dans les doctrines révélées du Christianisme. (shrink)
     
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  32.  35
    Neither Ancient nor Modern: Discerning Catholicism’s Claim about the Human Person.Marc D. Guerra -2020 -Heythrop Journal 61 (1):58-69.
  33.  71
    Human language: Are nonhuman precursors lacking?Marc D. Hauser &Nathan D. Wolfea -1995 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):190-191.
    Contra Wilkins & Wakefield, we argue that an evolutionarily inspired approach to language must consider different facets of language (i.e., more than syntax and semantics), and must explore the possibility of nonhuman precursors. Several examples are discussed, illustrating the power of the comparative approach in illuminating our understanding of language evolution.
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  34.  42
    Of mice and men, nature and nurture, and a few red herrings.Marc D. Hauser -2017 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
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  35.  32
    Reidentification and redescription.Marc D. Hauser &W. Tecumseh Fitch -1998 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1):74-74.
    Millikan's account of substance concepts fails to do away with features. Her approach simply moves the suite of relevant features into an encapsulated module. The crux of the problem for scientists studying human infants and nonhuman animals is to determine how individuals reidentify objects and events in the world.
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  36.  45
    Spontaneous number discrimination of multi-format auditory stimuli in cotton-top tamarins.Marc D. Hauser,Stanislas Dehaene,Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz &Andrea L. Patalano -2002 -Cognition 86 (2):B23-B32.
  37.  44
    Rights to Ecosystem Services.Marc D. Davidson -2014 -Environmental Values 23 (4):465-483.
    Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems. Many of these services are provided outside the borders of the land where they are produced. This article investigates who is entitled to these non-excludable ecosystem services from a libertarian perspective. Taking a right-libertarian perspective, it is concluded that the beneficiaries generally hold the right to use non-excludable ecosystem services and the right to landowners not converting ecosystems. Landowners are only at liberty to convert ecosystems if they appropriated their land before (...) any beneficiary used the services and converted the ecosystems before or shortly after the beneficiaries started using the services. This means that the beneficiaries generally hold the right to compensation payments by the landowners in the event of service losses, instead of the landowners holding the right to payments for ecosystem services by the beneficiaries. Taking a left-libertarian perspective, it is concluded that landowners ought to pay for the non-excludable ecosystem services lost as a result of their activities as well as beneficiaries paying for the non-excludable ecosystem services they use. These payments are not made mutually, however, but to a central authority that distributes the returns to the community on an equal per capita basis. (shrink)
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  38.  78
    Artifactual kinds and functional design features: what a primate understands without language.Marc D. Hauser -1997 -Cognition 64 (3):285-308.
  39.  51
    A Primate Dictionary? Decoding the Function and Meaning of Another Species' Vocalizations.Marc D. Hauser -2000 -Cognitive Science 24 (3):445-475.
    Decoding the function and meaning of a foreign culture's sounds and gestures is a notoriously difficult problem. It is even more challenging when we think about the sounds and gestures of nonhuman animals. This essay provides a review of what is currently known about the informational content and function of primate vocalizations, emphasizing the problems underlying the construction of a primate “dictionary.” In contrast to the Oxford English Dictionary, this dictionary provides entries to emotional expressions as well as potentially referential (...) expressions. It therefore represents a guide to what animals do with their vocalizations, as well as how they are represented by signalers and perceivers. I begin by a discussion of the unit problem, of how an acoustic space is carved up into functionally significant components leading to a species‐specific repertoire or lexicon of sorts. This section shows how little we know about the units of organization within animal vocal repertoires, and how such lack of information constrains our ability to tackle the problem of syntactic structure. In Section III, I review research on the production and perception of vocal signals that appear to be functionally referential. This work shows that several nonhuman primates produce vocalizations that share some of the key properties of reference, but certainly not all; the components that are missing raises questions about their role as precursors to human words. In Section IV, I explore the social uses of vocalizations, assessing whether the signal contains sufficient information for listeners to judge a caller's credibility; ultimately, caller credibility determines how receivers select an appropriate response. Results show that individuals can use calls to assess whether someone is reliable or unreliable, and that such attributes are associated with individuals and particular contexts. I conclude by synthesizing the issues presented and then raise some directions for future conceptual and methodological progress. (shrink)
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  40.  58
    RETRACTED: Rule learning by cotton-top tamarins.Marc D. Hauser,Daniel Weiss &Gary Marcus -2002 -Cognition 86 (1):B15-B22.
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  41.  30
    The One, the Many, and the Mystical Body.Marc D. Guerra -2012 -Heythrop Journal 53 (5):904-914.
  42.  22
    (2 other versions)Modernity, Creation, and Catholicism: Leo Strauss and Benedict XVI.Marc D. Guerra -2016 -Heythrop Journal 57 (6).
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  43.  5
    La première circulation de la Servitude volontaire en France et au-delà.John O'Brien &Marc D. Schachter (eds.) -2019 - Paris: Honoré Champion éditeur.
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  44. Cognitive basis for language evolution in nonhuman primates.Ruth Tincoff,Marc D. Hauser &Marc Hauser -2005 - In Keith Brown,Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. pp. 553--538.
     
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  45.  110
    The Influence of Perceived Importance of an Ethical Issue on Moral Judgment, Moral Obligation, and Moral Intent.Russell Haines,Marc D. Street &Douglas Haines -2008 -Journal of Business Ethics 81 (2):387-399.
    The study extends and tests the issue contingent four-component model of ethical decision-making to include moral obligation. A web-based questionnaire was used to gauge the influence of perceived importance of an ethical issue on moral judgment and moral intent. Perceived importance of an ethical issue was found to be a predictor of moral judgment but not of moral intent as predicted. Moral obligation is suggested to be a process that occurs after a moral judgment is made and explained a significant (...) portion of the variance in moral intent. (shrink)
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  46.  13
    Byzantine poetry from Pisides to Geometres: texts and contexts, volume 2, besprochen von Baukje van den Berg.Marc D. Lauxtermann -2020 -Byzantinische Zeitschrift 113 (1):254-259.
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  47.  80
    An emerging dialogue among social scientists and neuroscientists on the causal bases of emotion.Marc D. Lewis -2005 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28 (2):223-234.
    The target article developed a dynamic systems framework that viewed the causal basis of emotion as a self-organizing process giving rise to cognitive appraisal concurrently. Commentators on the article evaluated this framework and the principles and mechanisms it incorporated. They also suggested additional principles, mechanisms, modeling strategies, and phenomena related to emotion and appraisal, in place of or extending from those already proposed. There was general agreement that nonlinear causal processes are fundamental to the psychology and neurobiology of emotion.
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  48.  45
    Self-organizing brains don't develop gradually.Marc D. Lewis -2001 -Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (1):47-47.
    Some dynamic systems approaches posit discontinuous changes, even universal stages, in development. Conversely, Thelen and colleagues see development as gradual because it relies on real-time interactions among many components. Yet their new model hinges on one parameter, neural cooperativity, that should change discontinuously because it engenders new skills that catalyze neural connectivity. In fact, research on cortical connectivity finds development to be discontinuous, and possibly stage-like, based on experience-dependent and experience-independent factors.
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  49.  33
    Emotion-cognition interactions in early infant development.Marc D. Lewis -1993 -Cognition and Emotion 7 (2):145-170.
  50.  207
    Concept attribution in nonhuman animals: Theoretical and methodological problems in ascribing complex mental processes.Colin Allen &Marc D. Hauser -1991 -Philosophy of Science 58 (2):221-240.
    The demise of behaviorism has made ethologists more willing to ascribe mental states to animals. However, a methodology that can avoid the charge of excessive anthropomorphism is needed. We describe a series of experiments that could help determine whether the behavior of nonhuman animals towards dead conspecifics is concept mediated. These experiments form the basis of a general point. The behavior of some animals is clearly guided by complex mental processes. The techniques developed by comparative psychologists and behavioral ecologists are (...) able to provide us with the tools to critically evaluate hypotheses concerning the continuity between human minds and animal minds. (shrink)
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