El legado pedagógico de Paulo Freire: una pedagogía de la esperanza que nos invita a realizar una lectura crítica del mundo y soñar con las posibilidades de transformación en un mundo ético y profundamente solidario.MaríaVerdejaMuñiz -forthcoming -Voces de la Educación:50-67.detailsIn the article, we carry out a theoretical reflection on the contributions of Paulo Freire's pedagogy. Given the diversity of themes that Freire covers, we make a first approach to his pedagogical-political thought and for this we do it through a brief biographical journey through the main life stages of the author. The great Brazilian educator was a person who had a special concern for the other, for denouncing injustices and for showing us that human beings have in our hands (...) the possibilities of change and transformation. In order to address all these questions, according to Freire, it is necessary to do so from a critical reading of the world in which we live. To delve deeper and understand essential aspects of his life and also of his work, we do so with people close to the author who have had the opportunity to live and work with him and know, in depth, his pedagogical legacy. As a result of this journey through his pedagogical work, we offer some reflections that invite us to look at the validity and timeliness of his approaches. Freire's pedagogy proposes a critical reading of the world that does not generate hopelessness, but rather allows us to see the resistance, the ways to get ahead, the construction of the new, the permanent possibilities that human beings have to rebuild our lives. Freire spoke of hope as an inherent issue in teaching practice, remembering, at the same time, that change, although difficult, is possible. (shrink)
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When singing strengthens the capacity to aspire: girls’ reflexivity in rural Bangladesh.Maria Jordet,Siri Erika Gullestad &Hanne Haavind -2022 -Journal of Critical Realism 22 (1):7-26.detailsIn the present paper, we explore the impact of singing for girls in rural Bangladesh. Previous findings in this field-based interview study (with 18 girls) have demonstrated that singing can act as a driving force in young girls’ psychological individuation processes, implying increased agency and autonomy. A critical question, however, is to what extent the village girls will manage to maintain a feeling of agency as they pass through puberty. How do they navigate between their own wish to continue singing (...) and pressure from cultural norms (such as getting married)? Using Margareth Archer’s morphogenetic approach and Arjun Appadurai’s approach to culture as a capacity as analytical tools, we connect different modes of reflexivity to the girls’ capacity to aspire. We discuss specific mechanisms that emerge as relevant for the girls/young women as they navigate their way through the Bengali rural society. (shrink)
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La mujer y su posible discriminación en el contexto de la diversidad religiosa del postsecularismo español desde el punto de vista jurídico.María José Parejo Guzmán -2024 -'Ilu. Revista de Ciencias de Las Religiones 29:e95982.detailsEspaña es un país con una larga tradición católica, Iglesia que ha tenido una influencia significativa en nuestra sociedad, durante siglos, reflejada con claridad, por ejemplo, en su posición conservadora en asuntos de género y sexualidad. A raíz de la Constitución de 1978, se iniciaron algunos cambios en nuestro país en este ámbito, al establecerse en ella la igualdad de género como un principio fundamental. Comenzó con nuestro texto Magno además en España un claro proceso de secularización y modernización, que (...) debilitaría la influencia del catolicismo en la sociedad y fomentaría, en nuestra sociedad laica, un claro desinterés por todo lo religioso, con una evidente disminución de la práctica religiosa, lo que hizo que se empezase a evolucionar significativamente en las actitudes hacia el género y la igualdad de género. A finales del siglo XX surgiría el concepto de la postsecularización y la religión volvería a adquirir relevancia en la esfera pública y en la vida social. En este trabajo se afrontará el desafío jurídico de analizar, en el contexto de diversidad religiosa y de complejidad del fenómeno religioso de esta era postsecular, el papel de la mujer y su posible discriminación o no en dicho ámbito en nuestra España del siglo XXI para estudiar los límites que puede imponer el legislador a la incitación a la violencia contra las mujeres que se fundamente en creencias religiosas y/o culturales relativas al género. (shrink)
The emotional basis of morality: Is autonomy still posible?María Del Mar Cabezas Hernández -2009 -Universitas Philosophica 26 (53):195-217.detailsThe present paper is focused on how the acceptance of the emotional basis of morality can change the way we approach moral problems, concretely the case of moral autonomy. Is it posible to include the role of emotions in moral agency without losing moral autonomy? Simultaneously, it seems hard provide an account on moral agency without accepting as a premise the existence of moral autonomy. Thus, all this lead us to a picture where the assumtion of a premise implies the (...) denial of another one , and viceversa. With regard to this paradox, the question is therefore how these two facts —that we are necessarily emotional and autonomous— can become compatible. In this sense, I will argue that emotions are not an obstacle but a necessary element to moral autonomy. (shrink)
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O ‘programa fiduciário’ de Polanyi e a refutação do criticismo moderno.Maria Luísa Couto Soares -2015 -Cultura:223-245.detailsO “programa fiduciário” de Polanyi desafia o ideal da racionalidade moderna de alcançar uma completa justificação de todas as crenças, submetendo-as a uma crítica prévia à sua aceitação. Este requisito é um dos malefícios que está na raiz de preconceitos filosóficos e científicos que Polanyi se propõe superar. Este artigo apresenta o confronto entre o “modelo linear” da justificação do conhecimento, a partir de um princípio absoluto, com a alternativa do “modelo circular” proposto por Polanyi. Não se trata de uma (...) circularidade viciosa, mas do reconhecimento de que os fundamentos do conhecimento radicam no compromisso pessoal e na atitude fiduciária, alicerces inegáveis de qualquer forma de conhecer. A alternativa proposta por Polanyi, de longa tradição filosófica, é, nos nossos dias, uma fonte de inspiração também para a hermenêutica contemporânea, com as suas noções de compreensão e interpretação. (shrink)
Uma forma de formação: Médicos na escola profissional.Maria Stephanou -1997 -Veritas – Revista de Filosofia da Pucrs 42 (2):291-306.detailsO estudo examina um dos modos de realização da formação sanitária empreendida por médicos gaúchos junto a uma escola técnico profissional para trabalhadores, nas primeiras décadas deste século, no Rio Grande do Sul. Busca-se demonstrar que as ações e estratégias desencadeadas pelos médicos conferiram uma forma, uma identidade ao processo de formação, forma essa associada à constituição de sujeitos com consciência sanitária e comportamento higiênico. A investigação volta-se para a extensa rede de saberes e poderes que elegeu a escola como (...) locus privilegiado de atuação de higienistas que associaram a prática da higiene a um ideal de civilidade, urbanidade e progresso. (shrink)
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‘Always Ready and Always Clean’?: Competing Discourses of Breast-feeding, Infant Illness and the Politics of Mother-blame in Bolivia.Maria Tapias -2006 -Body and Society 12 (2):83-108.detailsIn this article I explore the multiple and at times conflicting public health and folk discourses which shape breast-feeding practices in Punata, Bolivia. I examine why women may cease to breast-feed despite active efforts made by the healthcare system to promote breast-feeding. Breast-feeding practices are saturated with meaning and circumscribed by time and economic constraints as well as numerous cultural factors. These include conceptualizations of the body, emotions and illnesses that affect infants who are breast-fed, as well as constructions of (...) the mother–infant bond and attitudes about what constitutes ‘good mothering’ and its relationship to gender and class expectations. In this locality, the emotions of lactating women are said to find release through their breast milk and are seen to cause illness in their breast-feeding infants. I explore how mothers accepted, challenged or contested such views, and how they negotiated the politics of blame that emerged regarding who was at fault for their infant's illnesses. I demonstrate how breast-feeding is an embodied experience intrinsically linked to ideas about motherhood and show how the deployment of blame for these illnesses can strategically obfuscate or shed light on the numerous social and economic constraints under which women may find themselves. (shrink)
The Drosophila position‐specific antigens. Clues to their morphogenetic role.Maria Leptin &Michael Wilcox -1986 -Bioessays 5 (5):204-207.detailsThe Drosophila position‐specific antigens are a family of cell‐surface glycoprotein complexes showing spatially restricted patterns of expression. Changes in these distributions correlate with morphogenetic events like compartment‐alization and the formation of grooves and folds during tissue organization. The complexes each contain a common component associated with different variable components. Different tissues, organs and regions of the body express complexes containing different subsets of variable components. The structure of the complexes resembles that of the family of vertebrate receptors for fibronectin, molecules (...) which function in morphogenetic processes involving cell migration and attachment. It is possible that the position‐specific antigens have a similar role in fly development. (shrink)
Maquiavel E Hume sobre a natureza da Lei E seus fundamentos sociais.Maria Isabel Limongi -2018 -Kriterion: Journal of Philosophy 59 (140):571-589.detailsRESUMO Trata-se de aproximar Hume e Maquiavel, tomando-os como os expoentes de uma certa corrente não jusnaturalista, formada no início da idade moderna, quanto ao modo de pensar a natureza da lei e, num sentido amplo, a normatividade jurídico-política. Apesar de ter sofrido influência da escola moderna de direito natural, Hume rompe com ela num ponto fundamental - na recusa da noção de pessoa como ponto de partida para pensar a gênese social do ordenamento jurídico-político. No lugar disso, ele pensou (...) essa gênese a partir do jogo das forças sociais e da circulação das opiniões na sociedade, para o que Maquiavel se constituiu numa referência imprescindível. ABSTRACT This paper aims to bring together Hume and Machiavelli by taking both of them as exponents of a certain nonjusnaturalistic current, formed at the beginning of the modern age, which had its own way of thinking the nature of law and, in a broad sense, legal-political normativity. Despite being influenced by the modern school of natural law, Hume breaks with it in a fundamental point - in the refusal of the notion of person as a starting point to think the social genesis of the legal-political order. Instead, he thought of this genesis from the game of social forces and the circulation of opinions in society, for which Machiavelli was an indispensable reference. (shrink)
Prosody and versification systems of ancient verse.Maria-Kristiina Lotman -2001 -Sign Systems Studies 29 (2):535-560.detailsThe aim of the present study is to describe the prosodic systems of the Greek and Latin languages and to find out the versification systems which have been realized in the poetical practice. The Greek language belongs typologically among the mora-counting languages and thus provides possibilities for the emergence of purely quantitative verse, purely syllabic verse, quantitative-syllabic verse and syllabic-quantitative verse. There is no purely quantitative or purely syllabic verse in actual Greek poetry; however, the syllabic-quantitative versification systems (the Aeolian (...) tradition) and quantitative-syllabic versification systems (the Aeolian tradition) were in use. The Latin language, on the other hand, has a number of features, which characterize it as a stress-counting language. Since at the same time there exists also the opposition of short and long syllables, there are preconditions for the syllabic, accentual and quantitative principle, as well as for the combinations of these. The Roman literary heritage shows examples of purely accentual, syllabic-quantitative, quantitative-syllabic, as well as of several other combinatory versification systems. (shrink)
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Comunitarismo versus liberalismo. Estado de la cuestion.María Elósegui Ltxaso -1998 -Veritas – Revista de Filosofia da Pucrs 43 (2):287-302.detailsAnte el tema constituye necesidad de fuerza mayor apuntar los últimos avances y progresos en el debate liberalismo-comunitarismo.1 El presente artículo pretende llamar la atención sobre la riqueza e interés del mismo, rernitiendo a la bibliografia más reciente. La aparición en los dos últimos anos de obras como las de Rawls, Dworkin y Habermas,4 que prestan una indudable atención a las críticas y propuestas comunitaristas precisan de un proceso de asimilación y de reflexión serena.
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Descent and Inheritance in Zoroastrian and Shiʿite Law: A Preliminary Study.Maria Macuch -2017 -Der Islam: Journal of the History and Culture of the Middle East 94 (2):322-335.detailsName der Zeitschrift: Der Islam Jahrgang: 94 Heft: 2 Seiten: 322-335.
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Tierschutzethik.Maria Woschnak -2017 - Wien: Lit.detailsIn der gegenwartigen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Tierschutz fehlt es an uberzeugenden Begrundungen; ungenugende Argumente fuhren zu uneinlosbaren Forderungen und schaden der Sache mehr als sie ihr nutzen. VOn entscheidender Bedeutung ist dabei die Frage, welches Verstandnis wir vom Tier haben. DIe philosophische Herausforderung einer Tierschutzethik beginnt mit der Einsicht, daSS das Tier weder als Sache noch als Person begriffen werden kann. DIe vorgelegte Tierschutzethik diskutiert das Thema auf philosophischem Niveau, bedenkt den Umgang des Menschen mit dem Tier in seiner (...) Vielschichtigkeit und leistet eine fundierte Begrundung der notigen Beschrankungen menschlicher Willkur zugunsten des Tieres. (shrink)
“Contraversations” Constructing Conflicts.Maria Aggestam &James Keenan -2007 -Business and Society 46 (4):429-456.detailsBusinesses and societies face increasingly complex problems. Collaborative relationships are needed to leverage the differences among participants and to balance stakeholder concerns. The article takes a discursive, constructionist approach in exploring the relations of five factions involved in resolving a town-gown conflict. The case data are narratives collected during a pivotal community-wide meeting in which the town-gown factions participated. The findings underscore the characteristics and roles of language in constructing and organizing meanings. In particular, the focal data reveal the influence (...) of “contraversation”—that is, dialectical and dialogical conversation particularly and publicly directed against one faction, in constructing antagonisms and thwarting collaboration. The focal findings added insight into the demographic and historical characteristics of the factions, the socially embedded understandings, and the role of conversations in developing discursive resources that create collective identities and translate them into integrating rather than disintegrating intergroup performance in facing problematic concerns. (shrink)
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