JosefPieper: An Anthology.JosefPieper -1989 - Ignatius Press.detailsForeword by Hans Urs von Balthasar Near the end of a long career as one of the most widely read popular Thomistic philosophers of the twentieth century, JosefPieper has himself compiled an anthology from all his works. He has selected the best and most representative passages and arranged them in an order that gives sense to the whole and aids in the understanding of each excerpt.Pieper's reputation rests on his remarkable ability to restate traditional wisdom in (...) terms of contemporary problems. He is a philosopher who writes in the language of common sense, presenting involved issues in a clear, lucid and simple manner. Among his many well-known works included in this anthology are selections from Leisure: The Basis of Culture, The Four Cardinal Virtues, About Love, Belief and Faith, Happiness and Contemplation, and Scholasticism. Below is a list of the selection titles: Human Authenticity The Two Sides of the Coin That Is Truth The Freedom of Philosophy and Its Adversaries Free Space in the World of Work Truths-Known and Believed The Reality of the Holy "Finis" Means Both End and Goal. (shrink)
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Une prison à l'épreuve du temps. Temporalités carcérales d'hier et d'aujourd'hui.Manuela Cunha -forthcoming -Rhuthmos.detailsManuela Ivone P. da Cunha est professeur à l'Universidade do Minho, CRIA-UM et chercheur associé à l'IDEMEC. Nous la remercions de nous avoir autorisé à reproduire ce texte déjà paru dans S. Humbert, N. Derasse & J.-P. Royer, La prison, du temps passé au temps dépassé, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2012, p. 143-153. Nous avons souvent tendance, notamment dans les rencontres scientifiques qui font du temps leur protagoniste, à parler de différents types de temps – le temps de la - Anthropologie (...) – Nouvel article. (shrink)
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Un'antica discordia: Platone e la poesia: Ione, Simposio, Repubblica e Sofista.Manuela Valle -2016 - Napoli: Paolo Loffredo iniziative editoriali.detailsA study of the conflict between philosophy and poetry in four Platonic dialogues: the Ion, the Symposium, the Republic, and the Sophist.
El tiempo que no cesa. La erosión de la frontera carcelaria.Manuela Cunha -forthcoming -Rhuthmos.detailsNous remercions chaleureusementManuela Ivone Cunha de nous avoir autorisé à reproduire ce texte. Cette étude renvoie à une étude plus ancienne que l'on trouvera ici. Elle a déjà paru dans RENGLONES 58-59, Noviembre de 2004-Abril de 2005. Alfred Gell defendía que “time is always one and the same, [but it is in] manifold ways that time becomes salient in human affairs”. La prisión es un contexto en donde se evidencia la exactitud de esta precisión. El tiempo en la (...) cárcel no es de una especie - Anthropologie – Nouvel article. (shrink)
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Education Enhances the Acuity of the Nonverbal Approximate Number System.Manuela Piazza,Pierre Pica,Véronique Izard,Elizabeth Spelke &Stanislas Dehaene -2013 -Psychological Science 24 (4):p.detailsAll humans share a universal, evolutionarily ancient approximate number system (ANS) that estimates and combines the numbers of objects in sets with ratio-limited precision. Interindividual variability in the acuity of the ANS correlates with mathematical achievement, but the causes of this correlation have never been established. We acquired psychophysical measures of ANS acuity in child and adult members of an indigene group in the Amazon, the Mundurucú, who have a very restricted numerical lexicon and highly variable access to mathematics education. (...) By comparing Mundurucú subjects with and without access to schooling, we found that education significantly enhances the acuity with which sets of concrete objects are estimated. These results indicate that culture and education have an important effect on basic number perception. We hypothesize that symbolic and nonsymbolic numerical thinking mutually enhance one another over the course of mathematics instruction. (shrink)
¿Es operativo el concepto de generación?Manuela Caballero Guisado &A. Baigorri -2013 -Aposta 56:1.detailsEl concepto de generación, con casi dos siglos de presencia en las Humanidades y las Ciencias Sociales, si bien conserva todo su vigor para la construcción de imaginarios, o simples imágenes, con las que captar la atención, y por tanto reaparece de tanto en tanto, sigue planteando no obstante serios problemas conceptuales, epistemológicos y sobre todo metodológicos, cuando intentamos aplicarlo desde presupuestos positivos en la Sociología, más allá del colorismo de los “estudios culturales”, los “estudios de juventud” o el marketing. (...) El presente trabajo parte expone justamente parte de los problemas encontrados, a nivel teórico, a la hora de intentar una operatividad del concepto en el marco de una investigación, en curso, sobre valores y actitudes medioambientales entre distintas --según se mire-- generaciones, cohortes, momentos del ciclo vital o periodos del curso de vida. (shrink)
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Doubly Disadvantaged: The Recruitment of Diverse Subjects for Clinical Trials in Latin America.Manuela Fernández Pinto -2019 -Tapuya 1 (2):391-407.detailsDue to its allegedly diverse population and strong doctor–patient relations, Latin America has become one of the most attractive locations for international clinical trials. In the paper, I examine the case of recruitment of women and minority patients to serve as subjects of international clinical trials, through CROs operating in Latin America. In particular, the paper examines some of the strategies that CROs use to expand their services in the Latin American medical market, illuminating the mechanisms through which the current (...) organization of medical research contributes to power imbalances in the Global South. After analyzing the epistemic and ethical shortcomings of such endeavor, I show how Latin American patients participating in clinical trials are located in a position of double disadvantage. First, they suffer the consequences of a lack of appropriate understanding of symptoms and reaction to treatment. Second, they suffer the consequences of being subjects in clinical trials which are not designed to meet their needs, but the needs of patients in the Global North. Accordingly, I conclude by highlighting the importance of this double disadvantage and suggesting that the problem can be understood in terms of a misalignment of commercial, ethical, and epistemic concerns in clinical research. (shrink)
Vulnerability in human research.Ian J.Pieper &Colin J. H. Thomson -2020 -Monash Bioethics Review 38 (1):68-82.detailsThe conduct of prior ethics review of human research projects helps to protect vulnerable groups or populations from potential negative impacts of research. Contemporary considerations in human research considers the concept of vulnerability in terms of access to research opportunities, impacts on the consenting process, selection bias, and the generalisability of results. Recent work questions the validity of using enumerated lists as a check box approach to protect research participants from exploitation. Through the use of broad categories to treat cohorts (...) of human research participants as homogenous classes and label some participants as vulnerable merely because they are members of a particular class, some ethics reviewers have used the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research to strip individuals of their “ethical equality”. Labelling people as vulnerable does not help researchers or human research ethics committee members develop an understanding of the complexities of applying the principles of respect and of justice in ethical decision-making. Conversely, defining specific cohorts of research participants as needing nuanced ethical consideration, due to their vulnerable nature, may imply that other population groups need not be considered vulnerable. We contend that this assumption is erroneous. This paper explores the way that human research ethics guidance documents treat vulnerability within the Australian context and draws on contemporary discussion to focus an alternative perspective based on the principles in the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research for researchers and human research ethics committee members to consider. (shrink)
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(1 other version)Relational factors affecting dog social attraction to human partners.Manuela Wedl,Iris Schöberl,Barbara Bauer,Jon Day &Kurt Kotrschal -2010 -Interaction Studies 11 (3):482-503.detailsWe previously showed that owner personality and human-dog relationship predicted the performance of a human-dog dyad in a practical task. Based on the same data set we presently investigate the effects of individual and social factors on the social attraction of dogs to their owners. Twenty-two male and female owners and their intact male dogs were observed during a “picture viewing” test, where we diverted the owner's attention away from their dog whilst it was permitted to move freely around the (...) room. Owner personality axis “neuroticism” and dog personality axis “vocal and aggressive” were, respectively, positively and negatively related to the time the dog stayed in proximity to the owner. Quality of relationship and attachment also had significant effects on this proximity. We conclude that personality and the nature of the human-dog relationship may all influence dogs' social attraction to their owners. (shrink)
Bringing back the body into the mind: gestures enhance word learning in foreign language.Manuela Macedonia -2014 -Frontiers in Psychology 5:111994.detailsForeign language education in the twenty-first century still teaches vocabulary mainly through reading and listening activities. This is due to the link between teaching practice and traditional philosophy of language, where language is considered to be an abstract phenomenon of the mind. However, a number of studies have shown that accompanying words or phrases of a foreign language with gestures leads to better memory results. In this paper, I review behavioral research on the positive effects of gestures on memory. Then (...) I move to the factors that have been addressed as contributing to the effect, and I embed the reviewed evidence in the theoretical framework of embodiment. Finally, I argue that gestures accompanying foreign language vocabulary learning create embodied representations of those words. I conclude by advocating the use of gestures in future language education as a learning tool that enhances the mind. (shrink)
The Silence of Goethe.JosefPieper -2009 - St. Augustine's Press.details"During the last months of the war, JosefPieper saw the realization of a long-cherished plan to escape from the "lethal chaos" that was the Germany of that time, "plucked," he writes, "as was Habakkuk, by the hair of his head... to be planted into a realm of the most peaceful seclusion, whose borders and exists were, of course, controlled by armed sentries." There he made contact with a friend close-by, who possessed an amazing library, andPieper hit (...) upon the idea of reading the letters of Goethe from that library. Soon, however, he decided to read the entire Weimar edition of fifty volumes, which were brought to him in sequence, two or three at a time." "It was precisely in the seclusion, the limitation, the silence of Goethe that made the strongest impact onPieper. Here was modern Germany's quintessential conversationalist intellectual, but the strength of his words came from the restraint behind them, even to the point of purposeful forgetting." --Book Jacket. (shrink)
(2 other versions)Leisure, the basis of culture.JosefPieper -1952 - Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. Edited by Alexander Dru & Josef Pieper.detailsThe philosophical classic explores the value and significance of leisure, arguing that it is the foundation of any culture, necessary for the development of religion and the contemplation of the nature of God, and issues a warning about the loss of insight due to our substitution of hectic amusements for nonactivity, silence, and true leisure.
Algunas consideraciones sobre estética musical árabe.Manuela Cortés García -1999 -Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 6:131-156.detailsEn principio, la poesía considerada como génesis del arte árabe, y, más tarde, la prosa de adab surgieron con la idea de ciencia que destacaba el dominio de la belleza, idea que se proyectaría después sobre la música. Por otra parte, la aportación griega al legado filosófico y científico árabe clásico, cuya sombra aparece reflejada sobre los primeros tratados de los filósofos y teóricos musicales, entre los que se encuentran al-Kindi (s. IX)y al-Farabi (s. X), germinó en la concepción de (...) un nuevo sentido sobre la "belleza". De esta forma, y desde un observatorio que tiene como punto de referencia el mundo clásico griego, los nuevos parámetros surgirían como consecuencia de su propia identidad e idiosincrasia, en los que el patrimonio poético y musical, unido al pensamiento religioso y filosófico, complementarían la taracea de un nuevo concepto, "estética musical". El estudio de la música medieval árabe revela que la armonía entre el contenido poético, lingüístico, rítmico y melódico caminaron en paralelo, produciéndose un equilibrio, una relación armónica, y, en definitiva cósmica que les llevó a acuñar un cierto ideal estético basado en la belleza y la emoción artística que despertaba como reflejo de una armonía entre cuerpo y alma, y que facilitaría la unión con lo infinito y la divinidad. (shrink)
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Tensions in agnotology: Normativity in the studies of commercially driven ignorance.Fernandez PintoManuela -2015 -Social Studies of Science 45 (2):294-315.detailsAs scientific research moves increasingly to the private sector, the social organization of science undergoes important transformations. Focusing on the production of ignorance, agnotology has been a fruitful approach to understanding the social and epistemic consequences of the recent commercialization of scientific research. Despite their important contributions, scholars working on agnotology seem to hold implicit normative commitments that are in tension with their descriptive accounts of ignorance-constructive practices. The main aim of this article is to uncover these commitments and to (...) expose the emerging tensions. Thus, this article begins an exploration into normative aspects of the studies of ignorance. In particular, it shows that agnotology still needs the support of a well-articulated normative approach capable of identifying and evaluating the epistemic and social concerns raised by the private funding and performance of science. (shrink)
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Mensch Und Medien: Philosophische Und Sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektiven.Manuela Pietrass &Rüdiger Funiok (eds.) -2010 - Vs Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.detailsDie Medialisierung der Lebenswelt bedingt eine Veränderung der Erfahrung von Wirklichkeit, der Erkenntnisweisen und des gesellschaftlichen Miteinanders. Diese Veränderungen sind anthropologisch relevant, denn durch die Medien werden sie vorgeformt, und zugleich eröffnen die Medien einen Möglichkeitsraum für zukünftige Entwicklungsweisen. In diesem Kontext einer medialen Vorbedingung von Möglichkeiten des Menschseins und ihrer Ausgestaltung sind die Beiträge des Sammelbandes angesiedelt. „Wie realisiert sich Menschsein unter den Bedingungen der Medialität?“ ist die leitende Fragestellung.
Globalización y exclusión social: acciones dirigidas a la integración en el marco de la Unión Europea.Manuela del Pilar Santos Pita -2011 -Aposta 50:2 - 22.detailsEste estudio se centra en las últimas acciones dirigidas a promover la plena integración de las personas con discapacidad. La Globalización en muchos caso ha llevado a la exclusión social de los grupos que sufren una mayor marginación, haciendo preciso promover desde las instituciones un enfoque social y económico integrado que considere la economía, el comercio, el empleo y la cohesión social como elementos interdependientes para la reducción de las desigualdades, debiéndose dar preeminencia a las reformas sociales que fomenten la (...) igualdad y la plena integración siendo indudablemente necesarios controles de la ejecución de las políticas con el fin de integrar a los grupos más desfavorecidos social y económicamente. (shrink)
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The end of time: a meditation on the philosophy of history.JosefPieper -1999 - San Francisco: Ignatius Press.detailsThis is a work by JosefPieper, one of this century's most profound and lucid expositors of the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas.
Epistemic Landscapes Reloaded: An Examination of Agent-Based Models in Social Epistemology.Manuela Fernández Pinto &Daniel Fernández Pinto -2018 -Historical Social Research 43 (1):48-71.detailsWeisberg and Muldoon’s epistemic landscape model (ELM) has been one of the most significant contributions to the use of agent-based models in philosophy. The model provides an innovative approach to establishing the optimal distribution of cognitive labor in scientific communities, using an epistemic landscape. In the paper, we provide a critical examination of ELM. First, we show that the computing mechanism for ELM is correct insofar as we are able to replicate the results using another programming language. Second, we show (...) that small changes in the rules that determine the behavior of individual agents can lead to important changes in simulation results. Accordingly, we claim that ELM results are robust with respect to the computing mechanism, but not necessarily across parameter space. We conclude by reflecting on the possible lessons to be gained from ELM as a class of simulations or cluster of models. (shrink)
Assoziationen von Politik und Natur. Kubanische Korallen in Ost‐Berlin, 1964–1974.Manuela Bauche -2016 -Berichte Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 39 (4):311-330.detailsAssociations of Politics and Nature: Cuban Corals in East‐Berlin, 1964–1974. The concept of association is centre stage in ecological studies on coral reefs. It describes the specific composition of diverse coral species in a given reef section that depends, among other factors, on the type of surf and the form of the seabed. ‘Association’ is also an important concept in Bruno Latour's plea for transcending the division between humans and objects in sociological analysis. Drawing on the idea of association, the (...) article explores the history of the corals that were moved from the northern Cuban coast to East‐Berlin in the late 1960s and worked into a coral reef diorama exhibited in East Berlin's Natural History Museum in 1974. By focusing on the mobilisation of the corals between Cuba and the GDR as well as within the museum, I will show that far from being sharply defined objects of nature, the corals collected in Cuba and displayed in East‐Berlin must be understood as parts of constantly changing heterogeneous associations of organisms, non‐organic material, national politics, postcolonial economies and institutional politics. (shrink)
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Scholasticism: personalities and problems of medieval philosophy.JosefPieper -1960 - South Bend, Ind.: St. Augustine's Press.details"The book closes withPieper's thoughts on the permanent philosophical and theological significance of scholasticism and the Middle Ages. Once again, wearing his learning lightly, writing with a clarity that delights, JosefPieper has taken the field from stuffier and more extended accounts."--BOOK JACKET.
Tradition: concept and claim.JosefPieper -2008 - South Bend, Ind.: St. Augustine's Press. Edited by E. Christian Kopff.detailsJosefPieper's Tradition: Concept and Claim analyzes tradition as an idea and as a living reality in the lives and languages of ordinary people. In the modern world of constant, unrelenting change, tradition, saysPieper, is that which must be preserved unchanged. Drawing on thinkers from Plato to Pascal,Pieper describes the key elements and figures in the act of tradition and what is distinctive about it.Pieper argues that the handing down of tradition is not (...) the same as discussing or teaching, despite its similarities to those activities. It means accepting something as true and valid with the intent of handing it down again, unmixed with alien intrusions and yet kept alive for each new generation via imaginative reformulations. In the beginning, there is sacred tradition, founded on a revelation of God to man, yet secular tradition is important too. Tradition offers liberation from the prison of the present." Understanding what tradition really means makes one free and independent in the face of conservatisms," notesPieper. At the same time, it links us to the past and is essential for a meaningful future. Book jacket. (shrink)
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Exercises in the elements: essays, speeches, notes.JosefPieper -2016 - South Bend, Indiana: St. Augustine's Press. Edited by Daniel J. Farrelly.detailsThis title, which at first sight seems curious, showsPieper's philosophical work as rooted in the basics. He takes his inspiration from Plato - and his Socrates - and Thomas Aquinas. With them, he is interested in philosophy as pure theory, the theoretical being precisely the non-practical. The philosophizer wants to know what all existence is fundamentally about, what "reality" "really" means. With Plato,Pieper eschews the use of language to convince an audience of anything which is not (...) the truth. If Plato was opposed to the sophists - among them the politicians -Pieper is likewise opposed to discourse that leads to the "use" of philosophy to bolster a totalitarian regime or any political or economic system. A fundamental issue forPieper is "createdness." He sees this as the fundamental truth of our being - all being - and the fundamental virtue we can practice is the striving to live according to our perception of real truth in any given situation. The strength and attraction ofPieper's writing is its direct and intuitive character which is independent of abstract systematization. He advocates staying in touch with the "real" as we experience it deep within ourselves. Openness to the totality of being - in no matter what context being reveals itself - and the affirmation of all that is founded in this totality are central pillars of all his thinking. Given the "simplicity" of this stance, it is no surprise that much of it is communicated - and successfully - through his gift for illustration by anecdote. Like Plato, this philosopher is a story-teller and, like him, very readable. (shrink)
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