Early-emerging cognitive vulnerability to depression and the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism.E. P.Hayden,L. R. Dougherty,B. Maloney,T. M. Olino,H. Sheikh,C. E. Durbin,J. I. Nurnberger Jr,D. K. Lahiri &D. N. Klein -2008 -J Affect Disord 107:227-30.detailsBACKGROUND: Serotonin transporter promoter genotype appears to increase risk for depression in the context of stressful life events. However, the effects of this genotype on measures of stress sensitivity are poorly understood. Therefore, this study examined whether 5-HTTLPR genotype was associated with negative information processing biases in early childhood. METHOD: Thirty-nine unselected seven-year-old children completed a negative mood induction procedure and a Self-Referent Encoding Task designed to measure positive and negative schematic processing. Children were also genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR gene. (...) RESULTS: Children who were homozygous for the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene showed greater negative schematic processing following a negative mood prime than those with other genotypes. 5-HTTLPR genotype was not significantly associated with positive schematic processing. LIMITATIONS: The sample size for this study was small. We did not analyze more recently reported variants of the 5-HTTLPR long alleles. CONCLUSIONS: 5-HTTLPR genotype is associated with negative information processing styles following a negative mood prime in a non-clinical sample of young children. Such cognitive styles are thought to be activated in response to stressful life events, leading to depressive symptoms; thus, cognitive styles may index the "stress-sensitivity" conferred by this genotype. (shrink)
Temperamental fearfulness in childhood and the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism: a multimethod association study.E. P.Hayden,L. R. Dougherty,B. Maloney,C. Emily Durbin,T. M. Olino,J. I. Nurnberger Jr,D. K. Lahiri &D. N. Klein -2007 -Psychiatr Genet 17:135-42.detailsOBJECTIVES: Early-emerging, temperamental differences in fear-related traits may be a heritable vulnerability factor for anxiety disorders. Previous research indicates that the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism is a candidate gene for such traits. METHODS: Associations between 5-HTTLPR genotype and indices of fearful child temperament, derived from maternal report and standardized laboratory observations, were examined in a community sample of 95 preschool-aged children. RESULTS: Children with one or more long alleles of the 5-HTTLPR gene were rated as significantly more nervous during (...) standardized laboratory tasks than children who were homozygous for the short alleles. Children homozygous for the short alleles were also rated as significantly shyer, by maternal report, than those with at least one copy of the long allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene. CONCLUSIONS: This study extends the literature linking the short alleles of the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism to fear and anxiety-related traits in early childhood and adulthood, and is one of very few studies to examine the molecular genetics of preschoolers' temperament using multiple measures of traits in a normative sample. (shrink)
Cause and Effect: TheHayden Colloquium on Scientific Method and Concept. [REVIEW]R. M. V. -1966 -Review of Metaphysics 20 (2):384-384.detailsThis volume contains ten papers presented at the fourth and concludingHayden Colloquium of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1960-61. Despite the generality of the title, the papers are devoted essentially to a consideration of the roles played by causal explanation and causal laws in the context of the social and biological sciences. Though the contributors are without exception distinguished scientists or philosophers, the volume suffers as a whole from the fact that the papers tend to be expository (...) and factual rather than critical. The result is a work from which helpful insights into the strategies and concerns of contemporary science can be gleaned, but one which at the same time tends to obscure if not actually suppress important philosophical issues surrounding the role of causal concepts in the biological and social sciences.—V. R. M. (shrink)
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Giambattista Vico’s Science of Humanity. [REVIEW]P. M. R. -1977 -Review of Metaphysics 30 (3):536-537.detailsThis handsome volume is an outgrowth of Giambattista Vico, An International Symposium, edited by Giorgio Tagliacozzo andHayden White and published in 1969, in which Vichian influences were explored by distinguished scholars in diverse fields. The original volume was meant to be exploratory in nature, analyzing Vico’s sometimes obscure thought in terms of historical theory and contemporary humanistic relevance.
Reconciling Conceptual Confusions in the Le Monde Debate on Conspiracy Theories, J.C.M. Duetz and M R. X. Dentith.Julia Duetz &M. R. X. Dentith -2022 -Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 10 (11):40-50.detailsThis reply to an ongoing debate between conspiracy theory researchers from different disciplines exposes the conceptual confusions that underlie some of the disagreements in conspiracy theory research. Reconciling these conceptual confusions is important because conspiracy theories are a multidisciplinary topic and a profound understanding of them requires integrative insights from different fields. Specifically, we distinguish research focussing on conspiracy *theories* (and theorizing) from research of conspiracy *belief* (and mindset, theorists) and explain how particularism with regards to conspiracy theories does not (...) mean we cannot define a problematic subclass of conspiracy beliefs, while avoiding the problems of generalism. We hope this reply helps conspiracy theory researchers recognize the differences between studying conspiracy theories and conspiracy beliefs and appreciate the possibilities for fruitful, integrative, and interdisciplinary research. (shrink)
Liberalism and the good.R. Bruce Douglass,Gerald M. Mara &Henry S. Richardson (eds.) -1990 - New York: Routledge.detailsA collection of critical essays by English and American scholars, including such controversial academic political theorists as Gutmann, Barry and Nussbaum, that raises questions about the current theoretical reassessment of political liberalism.
Political Philosophy, Human Nature, the Passions.R. M. Mcshea -1986 -History of Political Thought 7 (1):205.detailsThe collapse of culturalism and historicism necessitates return to the forgotten basis in human nature, in human feeling. some theses: elemental emotions are the same in men of all times and places; each is arousable in humanly stereotypical situations and is genetically independent of the others; reason is the agent of the passions; the emotions include a concern for others; our only imaginable goal is the satisfaction of our enduring and major passions.
Hegel and Empire: From Postcolonialism to Globalism.M. A. R. Habib -2017 - Cham: Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan.detailsThis book provides a clear and nuanced appraisal of Hegel's treatment of Africa, India, and Islam, and of the implications of this treatment for postcolonial and global studies. Analyzing Hegel's master-slave dialectic and his views on Africa, India, and Islam, it situates these views not only within Hegel's historical scheme but also within a broader European philosophical context and the debates they have provoked within Hegel scholarship. Each chapter explores various in depth readings of Hegel by postcolonial critics, investigating both (...) the Eurocentric and potentially global nature of his dialectic. Ultimately, the book shows both where of this profoundly influential thinker archetypally embodies certain Eurocentric traits that have characterized modernity and how, ironically, he himself gives us the tools for working towards a more global vision. Offering a concise introduction not only to an important dimension of Hegel's thought - his orientation towards "empire" - but also to the various issues raised by postcolonial theory and global studies, this book will be of use to philosophers as well as advanced students of literary and cultural theory alike. (shrink)
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Avoiding the Stereotyping of the Philosophy of Conspiracy Theories: A Reply to Hill.M. R. X. Dentith -2022 -Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 11 (8):41-49.detailsI’m to push back on Hill’s (2022) criticism in four ways. First: we need some context for the debate that occurred in the pages of the Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective that so concerns Hill. Second: getting precise with our terminology (and not working with stereotypes) is the only theoretically fruitful way to approach the problem of conspiracy theories. Third: I address Hill’s claim there is no evidence George W. Bush or Tony Blair accused their critics, during the build-up (...) the invasion of Iraq in 2003ACE, as being “conspiracy theorists.” Fourth (and finally): I will gently suggest that Hill has succumbed to a stereotypical view of work in Philosophy on conspiracy theories. (shrink)
Ethica Eudemia.R. R. Walzer &J. M. Mingay (eds.) -1991 - Oxford University Press UK.detailsBLWith new text and full apparatus criticusThe Eudemian Ethics was one of two ethical treatises which Aristotle wrote on the subject of ethica or `matters to do with character'. Although the two works cover much the same ground, the Nicomachean Ethics is better known; the poor manuscript tradition of the Eudemian Ethics has made correct translation and interpretation of the text extremely difficult. The subject of the work is the choice of a certain means of conduct, made by a `man (...) of practical wisdom', between two extremes of behaviour: asceticism and yielding to uncontrolled impulses. Aristotle also stresses the notion of moral intention and the importance of virtue of character. This new Oxford Classical Text of the Eudemian Ethics is the result of many years of work. After Sir David Ross's death, his original text was substantially reworked and revised by his friend and colleague R. R. Walzer, who was aided in the revision by his former pupil Mrs Jean Mingay, who continued his work after his death in 1974. Mrs Mingay was fortunate in being able to make use of previously unpublished contributions from D. J. Allan after his death in the late seventies, and more recently has been helped in her work by the suggestions of Professor D. A. Russell, David Robinson, and Christopher Rowe. (shrink)
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100 Anos de FíSica QuâNtica.M. S. Hussein &Sílvio R. A. Salinas (eds.) -2002 - [São Paulo, Brazil]: Instituto de Física USP.detailsEste volume resume as palestras apresentadas durante o simpósio comemorativo dos "100 Anos da Física Quântica", realizado no Instituto de Física da USP. Para avaliar o significado dessa comemoração, basta lembrar que a Física no século XIX parecia estar completa. Os textos agrupados neste volume tratam de aspectos históricos associados à emergência inicial da teoria quântica, de desenvolvimentos relacionados com algumas das suas mais notórias conseqüências, e de aplicações abrangendo fenômenos desde a escala sub-atômica, atômica e molecular, até as dimensões (...) do universo como um todo. (shrink)
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Status Update on Fear Education: Jiddu Krishnamurti Teachings.R. M. Fisher -unknowndetailsThis paper addresses, in a third of a series of works by the author on the status of Fear Education, particularly the work of the philosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti. It appears little progress has been made, especially in the field of Education in terms of recognizing the unique nature and role of fear in shaping everything humans do—including the way they learn and create knowledge itself. The paper encourages others to join this mission for a better fear education for all.
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