Logic: the ancient art of reason.Earl Fontainelle -2016 - New York: Bloomsbury Academic.detailsHow do you tell what’s right from what’s wrong? Can you always? What’s the difference between deduction, induction, and abduction? What are the best techniques for making an argument logically sound? In this fascinating little book, the smallest on its subject ever produced, philosopher Earl Fontainelle explores the ancient art of discursive Logic and demonstrates some of the techniques that have long been used to triumph over the debates and deceptions that assail us every day. Filled with helpful examples of (...) good and bad reasoning, Logic is an invaluable introduction to a defining human characteristic. (shrink)
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Ancient logic and its modern interpretations.John Corcoran (ed.) -1974 - Boston,: Reidel.detailsThis book treats ancient logic: the logic that originated in Greece by Aristotle and the Stoics, mainly in the hundred year period beginning about 350 BCE. Ancient logic was never completely ignored by modern logic from its Boolean origin in the middle 1800s: it was prominent in Boole’s writings and it was mentioned by Frege and by Hilbert. Nevertheless, the first century of mathematical logic did not take it seriously enough to study the ancient logic texts. A renaissance in ancient (...) logic studies occurred in the early 1950s with the publication of the landmark Aristotle’s Syllogistic by Jan Łukasiewicz, Oxford UP 1951, 2nd ed. 1957. Despite its title, it treats the logic of the Stoics as well as that of Aristotle. Łukasiewicz was a distinguished mathematical logician. He had created many-valued logic and the parenthesis-free prefix notation known as Polish notation. He co-authored with Alfred Tarski’s an important paper on metatheory of propositional logic and he was one of Tarski’s the three main teachers at the University of Warsaw. Łukasiewicz’s stature was just short of that of the giants: Aristotle, Boole, Frege, Tarski and Gödel. No mathematical logician of his caliber had ever before quoted the actual teachings of ancient logicians. -/- Not only did Łukasiewicz inject fresh hypotheses, new concepts, and imaginative modern perspectives into the field, his enormous prestige and that of the Warsaw School of Logic reflected on the whole field of ancient logic studies. Suddenly, this previously somewhat dormant and obscure field became active and gained in respectability and importance in the eyes of logicians, mathematicians, linguists, analytic philosophers, and historians. Next to Aristotle himself and perhaps the Stoic logician Chrysippus, Łukasiewicz is the most prominent figure in ancient logic studies. A huge literature traces its origins to Łukasiewicz. -/- This Ancient Logic and Its Modern Interpretations, is based on the 1973 Buffalo Symposium on Modernist Interpretations of Ancient Logic, the first conference devoted entirely to critical assessment of the state of ancient logic studies. (shrink)
Logic, History of: Ancient Logic.Susanne Bobzien -2005 - In Donald M. Borchert,Encyclopedia of Philosophy. macmillan reference.detailsABSTRACT: A comprehensive introduction to ancient (western) logic from earliest times to the 6th century CE, with a focus on issues that may be of interest to contemporary logicians and covering important topics in Post-Aristotelian logic that are frequently neglected (such as Peripatetic hypothetical syllogistic, the Stoic axiomatic system of propositional logic and various later ancient developments).
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Ancient Self-Refutation: The Logic and History of the Self-Refutation Argument From Democritus to Augustine.Luca Castagnoli -2010 - New York: Cambridge University Press.detailsA 'self-refutation argument' is any argument which aims at showing that a certain thesis is self-refuting. This study was the first book-length treatment of ancient self-refutation and provides a unified account of what is distinctive in the ancient approach to the self-refutation argument, on the basis of close philological, logical and historical analysis of a variety of sources. It examines the logic, force and prospects of this original style of argumentation within the context of ancient philosophical debates, dispelling various misconceptions (...) concerning its nature and purpose and elucidating some important differences which exist both within the ancient approach to self-refutation and between that approach, as a whole, and some modern counterparts of it. In providing a comprehensive account of ancient self-refutation, the book advances our understanding of influential and debated texts and arguments from philosophers like Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, the Stoics, the Academic sceptics, the Pyrrhonists and Augustine. (shrink)
Ancient Logic (substantive revision Dec 29, 2015).Susanne Bobzien -2015 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.detailsABSTRACT: A comprehensive introduction to ancient (western) logic from earliest times to the 6th century CE, with an emphasis on topics which may be of interest to contemporary logicians.
Ancient Logic, Language, and Metaphysics: Selected Essays by Mario Mignucci.Andrea Falcon &Pierdaniele Giaretta -2019 - New York: Routledge. Edited by Andrea Falcon.detailsThe late Mario Mignucci was one of the most authoritative, original, and influential scholars in the area of ancient philosophy, especially ancient logic. Collected here for the first time are sixteen of his most important essays on ancient logic, language, and metaphysics. These essays show a perceptive historian and a skillful logician philosophically engaged with issues that are still at the very heart of history and philosophy of logic, such as the nature of predication, identity, and modality. As well as (...) essays found in disparate publications, often not easily available online, the volume includes an article on Plato and the relatives translated into English for the first time and an unpublished paper on De interpretatione7. Mignucci thinks rigorously and writes clearly. He brings the deep knowledge of a scholar and the precision of a logician to bear on some of the trickiest topics in ancient philosophy. This collection deserves the close attention of anyone concerned with logic, language, and metaphysics, whether in ancient or contemporary philosophy. t philosophy. This collection deserves the close attention of anyone concerned with logic, language, and metaphysics, whether in ancient or contemporary philosophy. (shrink)
Temporal Logic: From Ancient Ideas to Artificial Intelligence.Peter Øhrstrøm &Per F. V. Hasle -1995 - Dordrecht and Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.detailsTemporal Logic: From Ancient Ideas to Artificial Intelligence deals with the history of temporal logic as well as the crucial systematic questions within the field. The book studies the rich contributions from ancient and medieval philosophy up to the downfall of temporal logic in the Renaissance. The modern rediscovery of the subject, which is especially due to the work of A. N. Prior, is described, leading into a thorough discussion of the use of temporal logic in computer science and the (...) understanding of natural language. Temporal Logic: From Ancient Ideas to Artificial Intelligence thus interweaves linguistic, philosophical and computational aspects into an informative and inspiring whole. (shrink)
Ancient logic, language, and metaphysics: selected essays by Mario Mignucci.Mario Mignucci -2020 - New York: Routledge. Edited by Andrea Falcon.detailsThe late Mario Mignucci was one of the most authoritative, original, and influential scholars in the area of ancient philosophy, especially ancient logic. Collected here for the first time are sixteen of his most important essays on ancient logic, language, and metaphysics. These essays show a perceptive historian and a skillful logician philosophically engaged with issues that are still at the very heart of history and philosophy of logic, such as the nature of predication, identity, and modality. As well as (...) essays found in disparate publications, often not easily available online, the volume includes an article on Plato and the relatives translated into English for the first time and an unpublished paper on De interpretatione7. Mignucci thinks rigorously and writes clearly. He brings the deep knowledge of a scholar and the precision of a logician to bear on some of the trickiest topics in ancient philosophy. This collection deserves the close attention of anyone concerned with logic, language, and metaphysics, whether in ancient or contemporary philosophy. t philosophy. This collection deserves the close attention of anyone concerned with logic, language, and metaphysics, whether in ancient or contemporary philosophy. (shrink)
Ancient Greek Philosophical Logic.Robin Smith -2002 - In Dale Jacquette,A Companion to Philosophical Logic. Malden, MA, USA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 9–23.detailsThis chapter contains sections titled: The Origins: Parmenides and Zeno Dialectic and the Beginnings of Logical Theory Aristotle and the Theory of Demonstration The Regress Argument of Posterior Analytics I.3 Time and Modality: The Sea‐Battle and the Master Argument Sentential Logic in Aristotle and Afterwards.
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Temporal Logic: From Ancient Ideas to Artificial Intelligence.Peter Ørstrø &Per F. V. Hasle -1995 - Springer Verlag.detailsTemporal Logic: From Ancient Ideas to Artificial Intelligence deals with the history of temporal logic as well as the crucial systematic questions within the field. The book studies the rich contributions from ancient and medieval philosophy up to the downfall of temporal logic in the Renaissance. The modern rediscovery of the subject, which is especially due to the work of A. N. Prior, is described, leading into a thorough discussion of the use of temporal logic in computer science and the (...) understanding of natural language. Temporal Logic: From Ancient Ideas to Artificial Intelligence thus interweaves linguistic, philosophical and computational aspects into an informative and inspiring whole. (shrink)
The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Logic.Luca Castagnoli &Paolo Fait (eds.) -2022 - New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.detailsThis Companion provides a comprehensive guide to ancient logic. The first part charts its chronological development, focussing especially on the Greek tradition, and discusses its two main systems: Aristotle's logic of terms and the Stoic logic of propositions. The second part explores the key concepts at the heart of the ancient logical systems: truth, definition, terms, propositions, syllogisms, demonstrations, modality and fallacy. The systematic discussion of these concepts allows the reader to engage with some specific logical and exegetical issues and (...) to appreciate their transformations across different philosophical traditions. The intersections between logic, mathematics and rhetoric are also explored. The third part of the volume discusses the reception and influence of ancient logic in the history of philosophy and its significance for philosophy in our own times. Comprehensive coverage, chapters by leading international scholars and a critical overview of the recent literature in the field will make this volume essential for students and scholars of ancient logic. (shrink)
Ancient logic.Susanne Bobzien -2012 - In Ed Zalta,Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford, CA: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.detailsABSTRACT: A comprehensive introduction to ancient (western) logic from earliest times to the 6th century CE, with an emphasis on topics which may be of interest to contemporary logicians. Content: 1. Pre-Aristotelian Logic 1.1 Syntax and Semantics 1.2 Argument Patterns and Valid Inference 2. Aristotle 2.1 Dialectics 2.2 Sub-sentential Classifications 2.3 Syntax and Semantics of Sentences 2.4 Non-modal Syllogistic 2.5 Modal Logic 3. The early Peripatetics: Theophrastus and Eudemus 3.1 Improvements and Modifications of Aristotle's Logic 3.2 Prosleptic Syllogisms 3.3 Forerunners (...) of Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens 3.4 Wholly Hypothetical Syllogisms 4. Diodorus Cronus and Philo the Logician 5. The Stoics 5.1 Logical Achievements Besides Propositional Logic 5.2 Syntax and Semantics of Complex Propositions 5.3 Arguments 5.4 Stoic Syllogistic 5.5 Logical Paradoxes 6. Epicurus and the Epicureans 7. Later Antiquity. (shrink)
Are Ancient Logics Explosive?Marcin Tkaczyk -2024 -History and Philosophy of Logic 45 (2):109-123.detailsThe twentieth-century logical mainstream, derived from works by Łukasiewicz and Scholz, pictures the history of logic for the most part as the prehistory of Boolean–Fregean mathematical logic. Particularly, with respect to classical propositional calculus, the Stoic logic has been pictured as an early stage of it and Aristotle's or the Peripatetics' logic as a theory that assumes it. Although it was not emphasised, it follows that the ancient logics contain the principle of explosion. In the endmost quarter of the twentieth (...) century, a competitive view began to spread to the effect that the ancient systems of logic were paraconsistent or relevantistic. In the twenty-first century, the latter view prevails and has every chance of becoming a new orthodoxy. It is claimed that although in Łukasiewicz's argument for the classicality of ancient logics, there are gaps, it may be demonstrated that the ancient logics contain the principle of explosion. (shrink)
Ancient Logic.Luca Castagnoli &Paolo Fait -2014 - Acumen Publishing.detailsThis is a comprehensive introduction to the two great logical systems of antiquity, Aristotelian logic and Stoic logic. Although advanced undergraduate and graduate students are the intended primary readership, classical and philosophy scholars with non-specialist interests in the subject will find the fresh approach useful and stimulating. A conscious effort has been made to create a fruitful dialogue between the Aristotelian and Stoic systems both in terms of theoretical content and in terms of methodological issues and approaches. In all sections (...) emphasis is placed on broader questions concerning the distinctive nature of ancient logic, its relation with modern logic and the study of the history of logic, and the methodological difficulties posed by the reconstruction, analysis and assessment of ancient views, both in themselves and in the light of modern logic. (shrink)
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Three ancient problems solved by using the game theory logic based on the Shapley value.Silviu Guiasu -2011 -Synthese 181 (S1):65 - 79.detailsThe ancient problems of bankruptcy, contested garment, and rights arbitration have generated many studies, debates, and controversy. The objective of this paper is to show that the Shapley value from game theory, measuring the power of each player in a game, may be consistently applied for getting the general one-step solution of all these three problems viewed as -person games. The decision making is based on the same tool, namely the game theory logic based on the use of the Shapley (...) value, but the specific games involved are slightly different in each problem. The kind of claims of the players, the relationship between the given claims and the given resources available, and the particular way of calculating the generalized characteristic function of the game determine the specific type of game which has to be solved in each of the three ancient problems mentioned. The iterative use of the Shapley value may also justify the well-known Aumann-Maschler step-by-step procedure for solving the bankruptcy problem. (shrink)
History of Ancient Logic in the Hellenistic Period.Raul Corazzon -unknowndetails"General Survey. The succession of thinkers and schools. The history of ancient philosophy covers about eleven centuries, from Thales who lived during the sixth century B.C. to Boethius and Simplicius who flourished at the beginning of the sixth A.D. From the point of view of the history of formal logic this long epoch may be divided into three periods. (1) The pre-Aristotelian period, from the beginnings to the time at which Aristotle..
Mario Mignucci, Ancient Logic, Language, and Metaphysics: Selected Essays.Paolo Fait -2021 -Ancient Philosophy Today 3 (1):126-132.detailsAncient Philosophy Today, Volume 3, Issue 1, Page 126-132, April, 2021.
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Ancient Indian Logic and Analogy.J. B. Paris &A. Vencovska -2017 - In S. Ghosh & S. Prasad,Logic and its Applications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10119. Springer. pp. 198-210.detailsB.K.Matilal, and earlier J.F.Staal, have suggested a reading of the `Nyaya five limb schema' (also sometimes referred to as the Indian Schema or Hindu Syllogism) from Gotama's Nyaya-Sutra in terms of a binary occurrence relation. In this paper we provide a rational justification of a version of this reading as Analogical Reasoning within the framework of Polyadic Pure Inductive Logic.
Strategies of Argument: Essays in Ancient Ethics, Epistemology, and Logic.Mi-Kyoung Lee (ed.) -2014 - NY: Oxford University Press.detailsThis volume features new papers by an international group of scholars in ancient philosophy, with a particular focus on new work in ancient Greek and Roman ethics, epistemology, logic, and science.
Chinese Logic and the Absence of Theoretical Sciences in Ancient China.Sun Weimin -2009 -Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 8 (4):403-423.detailsIn this essay, I examine the nature of Chinese logic and Chinese sciences in the history of China. I conclude that Chinese logic is essentially analogical, and that the Chinese did not have theoretical sciences. I then connect these together and explain why the Chinese failed to develop theoretical sciences, even though they enjoyed an advanced civilization and great scientific and technological innovations. This is because a deductive system of logic is necessary for the development of theoretical sciences, and analogical (...) logic cannot provide the deductive connections between a theory and empirical observations required by a theoretical science. This also offers a more satisfactory answer to the long-standing Needham Problem. (shrink)
Completeness of an ancient logic.John Corcoran -1972 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 37 (4):696-702.detailsIn previous articles, it has been shown that the deductive system developed by Aristotle in his "second logic" is a natural deduction system and not an axiomatic system as previously had been thought. It was also stated that Aristotle's logic is self-sufficient in two senses: First, that it presupposed no other logical concepts, not even those of propositional logic; second, that it is (strongly) complete in the sense that every valid argument expressible in the language of the system is deducible (...) by means of a formal deduction in the system. Review of the system makes the first point obvious. The purpose of the present article is to prove the second. Strong completeness is demonstrated for the Aristotelian system. (shrink)
Truth, etc.: six lectures on ancient logic.Jonathan Barnes -2007 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.detailsTruth, etc. is a wide-ranging study of ancient logic based upon the John Locke lectures given by the eminent philosopher Jonathan Barnes in Oxford. The book presupposes no knowledge of logic and no skill in ancient languages: all ancient texts are cited in English translation; and logical symbols and logical jargon are avoided so far as possible. Anyone interested in ancient philosophy, or in logic and its history, will find much to learn and enjoy here.
Ways into the Logic of Alexander of Aphrodisias.S. J. Flannery -1995 - New York: BRILL.detailsThis study of three central themes in the logic of Alexander of Aphrodisias, the greatest of the ancient Aristotelian commentators, provides insight not only into Aristotle's logical writings but also into the tradition of scholarship which they spawned.
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The Contemporary Relevance of Ancient Logical Theory.John Corcoran -1982 -Philosophical Quarterly 32 (126):76.detailsThis interesting and imaginative monograph is based on the author’s PhD dissertation supervised by Saul Kripke. It is dedicated to Timothy Smiley, whose interpretation of PRIOR ANALYTICS informs its approach. As suggested by its title, this short work demonstrates conclusively that Aristotle’s syllogistic is a suitable vehicle for fruitful discussion of contemporary issues in logical theory. Aristotle’s syllogistic is represented by Corcoran’s 1972 reconstruction. The review studies Lear’s treatment of Aristotle’s logic, his appreciation of the Corcoran-Smiley paradigm, and his understanding (...) of modern logical theory. In the process Corcoran and Scanlan present new, previously unpublished results. Corcoran regards this review as an important contribution to contemporary study of PRIOR ANALYTICS: both the book and the review deserve to be better known. (shrink)
Ways Into the Logic of Alexander of Aphrodisias.Kevin L. Flannery S. J. -1994 - New York: Brill.detailsThis study of three central themes in the logic of Alexander of Aphrodisias, the greatest of the ancient Aristotelian commentators, provides insight not only into Aristotle's logical writings but also into the tradition of scholarship which they spawned.
The Development of the Logical Method in Ancient China.Hu Shih -1922 - Shanghai, China: Oriental Book Company.detailsThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and (...) made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)
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The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Logic ed. by Luca Castagnoli and Paolo Fait (review).Robin Smith -2025 -Journal of the History of Philosophy 63 (2):309-311.detailsThis latest addition to the Cambridge Companion series covers the development of logic in ancient Greece, from its origins in the fourth century BCE through its rapid development by Aristotle and the Stoics and subsequent stagnation in later antiquity. It is an excellent collection. Four initial chapters summarize the history, followed by nine on “Key Themes”; three final chapters address the legacy of ancient logic. The contributors generally limit themselves to summarizing current scholarship (often with remarkable thoroughness). The extensive thirty-eight-page (...) bibliography serves well as a reference to the field.In chapter 1, “The Prehistory of Logic,” Nicholas Denyer sees logical theory as originating in... Read More. (shrink)