Results for 'Leon Bergen'
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- The Strategic Use of Noise in Pragmatic Reasoning.LeonBergen &Noah D. Goodman -2015 -Topics in Cognitive Science 7 (2):336-350.We combine two recent probabilistic approaches to natural language understanding, exploring the formal pragmatics of communication on a noisy channel. We first extend a model of rational communication between a speaker and listener, to allow for the possibility that messages are corrupted by noise. In this model, common knowledge of a noisy channel leads to the use and correct understanding of sentence fragments. A further extension of the model, which allows the speaker to intentionally reduce the noise rate on a (...) word, is used to model prosodic emphasis. We show that the model derives several well-known changes in meaning associated with prosodic emphasis. Our results show that nominal amounts of actual noise can be leveraged for communicative purposes. (shrink)
- Scalar Implicature is Sensitive to Contextual Alternatives.Zheng Zhang,LeonBergen,Alexander Paunov,Rachel Ryskin &Edward Gibson -2023 -Cognitive Science 47 (2):e13238.The quantifier “some” often elicits a scalar implicature during comprehension: “Some of today's letters have checks inside” is often interpreted to mean that not all of today's letters have checks inside. In previous work, Goodman and Stuhlmüller (G&S) proposed a model that predicts that this implicature should depend on the speaker's knowledgeability: If the speaker has only examined some of the available letters (e.g., two of three letters), people are less likely to infer that “some” implies “not all” than if (...) the speaker has examined all of the available letters. G&S also provided behavioral evidence in support of their model. In this paper, we first show that a simple extension of G&S's model (1) predicts G&S's knowledgeability effects, and in addition, (2) predicts that the knowledgeability effect will be reduced when the speaker's usage indicates numeral alternatives are available. We tested the new model's predictions in four preregistered experiments. All experiments supported the first model prediction, replicating G&S's finding of a main effect of the speaker's knowledge. Further, Experiments 2 and 4 supported the second model prediction showing that the words that a speaker tends to use affect the strength of scalar implicature that comprehenders make. In particular, when the speaker has partial knowledge (e.g., has only examined two of three letters), comprehenders think that “some” is more likely to mean “not all” when the speaker also tends to produce number words in similar sentences (e.g., “2 of today's rooms have working smoke detectors.”). These results have important ramifications for theories of meaning: the context beyond the sentence (e.g., the speaker's tendency to use particular words) affects the set of alternatives that comprehenders consider when inferring meaning. (shrink)
- Genetic Enhancement in the Dark.Leon Culbertson -2009 -Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 36 (2):140-151.
- Responsible Believers.MarkLeon -2002 -The Monist 85 (3):421-435.For an action to be free, for an agent to be responsible for his action, it is sometimes thought that he must act from a will that is free or for which he is responsible. There is a connection between freedom of action and freedom or autonomy of will, but the connection cannot be the one envisaged here, modelling free will on a free action, for not only does that set off an obvious regress, but as importantly the elements of (...) the will, beliefs and desires, are not states within an agent's voluntary control, not states for which he is directly responsible. Though these states are not within an agent's control, whether he believes or desires autonomously has a crucial bearing on his responsibility for his subsequent actions. And though he is not directly responsible for these states, he can be indirectly responsible for them, and that factor too can have a crucial bearing on his responsibility for his actions, in particular for those actions that are produced by beliefs that are false. (shrink)
- Solidarietà.Léon Bourgeois &Elena Antonetti -1998 -la Società Degli Individui 3.No categoriesExport citation
Bookmark - Modal-Epistemic Variants of Shapiro’s System of Epistemic Arithmetic.Leon Horsten -1994 -Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 35 (2):284-291.
- Aesthetics Makes Nothing Happen? The Role of Aesthetic Properties in the Constitution of Non‐aesthetic Value.María Joséalcaraz León -2018 -Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 76 (1).
- Buddhism in China, a Historical Survey.Leon Hurvitz &Kenneth K. S. Chen -1965 -Journal of the American Oriental Society 85 (3):448.
- Permanencia e Renovaçao nas Artes.Leon Kossovitch -1996 -Discurso 26:83-92.A combinação de tópicas retóricas é referida à constituição das doutrinas de artes. Os topoi centrais da Antiguidade e do Renascimento apresentam-se como seleções no campo prévio da inventio; os discursos de arte dos séculos XIX e XX são considerados eufóricos e não-críticos, dirigidos pelo futuro, pois desejantes.No categories
- Pausanias et les origines mythiques de Delphes : éponymes, généalogies et spéculations étymologiques.Léon Lacroix -1991 -Kernos 4:265-276.No categories
- Daigneault A. and Monk D.. Representation theory for polyadic algebras. Fundamenta mathematicae, vol. 52 , pp. 151–176.Leon LeBlanc -1964 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 29 (3):148-148.
- (1 other version)Some notes on nominalism.Leon Henkin -1953 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 18 (1):19-29.
- Scylla and Charybdis: the purist’s dilemma.Leon Culbertson -2016 -Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 10 (2):175-196.This paper explores the view that, on Mumford’s account of the purist, to the degree that the purist adopts an aesthetic perspective, he or she doesn’t watch the sport in question, and to the degree that he or she does watch the sport, there is a loss of aesthetic appreciation. The idea that spectators oscillate between partisanship and purism means that the purist is unable to avoid either the Scylla of not actually watching the sport, or the Charybdis of loss (...) of aesthetic appreciation at any given point. Ultimately there seems to be both a sport-shaped hole and an aesthetic-shaped hole in Mumford’s account of the purist. It is argued that oscillation is incapable of dealing with the problem precisely because it is disjunctive in nature and entails the spectator either watching sport from an aesthetic perspective or from a partisan perspective at any given time. An alternative conception of the aesthetic is considered that offers one way of dissolving the purist’s dilemma. (shrink)
- Measuring Responsibility and Cooperation in Learning Teams in the University Setting: Validation of a Questionnaire.Benito León-del-Barco,Santiago Mendo-Lázaro,Elena Felipe-Castaño,Fernando Fajardo-Bullón &Damián Iglesias-Gallego -2018 -Frontiers in Psychology 9.
- Does sport have intrinsic value?Leon Culbertson -2008 -Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 2 (3):302 – 320.This paper considers the suggestion, central to McFee's (2004) moral laboratory argument, that sport is intrinsically valuable. McFee's position is outlined and critiqued and various interpretations of intrinsic value found in the philosophical literature are considered. In addition, Morgan's (2007) claim that sport is an appropriate final end is considered and partially accepted. The paper draws a number of terminological distinctions and concludes that sport does not have intrinsic value as traditionally conceived, but that this is of little consequence with (...) regard to the role of sport as a moral laboratory. (shrink)
- Perceptual Indiscriminability and the Concept of a Color Shade.Leon Horsten -2010 - In Richard Dietz & Sebastiano Moruzzi,Cuts and clouds: vagueness, its nature, and its logic. New York: Oxford University Press.
- The Paradox of Bad Faith and Elite Competitive Sport.Leon Culbertson -2005 -Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 32 (1):65-86.
- The war lover: a study of Plato's Republic.Leon Harold Craig -1996 - Buffalo: University of Toronto Press.This is an essential book for every serious student of Plato, for anyone teaching the Republic, and for every library.
- Nietzsche. Volume I: The Will to Power as Art.Leon Rosenstein -1981 -Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 41 (4):563-565.
- Tragedia werbalnej metafizyki.Leon Chwistek -1932 -Kwartalnik Filozoficzny 10 (1):46-76.No categories
- Minding the 'Unbridgeable Gap': The Future of Conscientious Objection in a Secular Age.Alain Julian León &Rico Vitz -2017 -Christian Bioethics 23 (2):149-168.In this article, we offer a rebuttal to a key thesis in Chapter 5 of Engelhardt’s After God: namely, that there exists an “unbridgeable gap” between the dominant secular culture and traditional religious believers. Contra Engelhardt, we argue that it is possible to bridge the gap by employing a strategy that includes, but is not limited to, methods for cultivating understanding and respect and a sense of solidarity. Our argument proceeds in three steps. First, we elucidate Engelhardt’s thesis in light (...) of some of the key concepts he discusses elsewhere in After God. Second, in the hope of developing understanding and respect, we elucidate the history and teachings that form the consciences of traditional Christian medical professionals concerning abortion, euthanasia, and disfiguring surgeries. Third, in the hope of developing a sense of solidarity, we explain the broad scope of the dominant secular culture’s attempt to limit people’s freedom of conscience rights, showing that it includes not only traditional Christians but also members of other traditional religions, members of mainline religious groups, people with alternative conceptions of secularity, and even faithful members of the dominant secular culture. (shrink)
- A Kripkean Approach to Unknowability and Truth.Leon Horsten -1998 -Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 39 (3):389-405.We consider a language containing partial predicates for subjective knowability and truth. For this language, inductive hierarchy rules are proposed which build up the extension and anti-extension of these partial predicates in stages. The logical interaction between the extension of the truth predicate and the anti-extension of the knowability predicate is investigated.
- Of Papers and Pens: Polysemes and Homophones in Lexical Selection.Leon Li &L. Robert Slevc -2017 -Cognitive Science 41 (S6):1532-1548.Every word signifies multiple senses. Many studies using comprehension-based measures suggest that polysemes’ senses share lexical representations, whereas homophones’ meanings correspond to distinct lexical representations. Less is known about the lexical representations of polysemes compared to homophones in language production. In this study, speakers named pictures after reading sentence fragments that primed polysemes and homophones either as direct competitors to pictures, or as indirect-competitors to pictures. Polysemes elicited equal numbers of intrusions to picture names compared to in control conditions whether (...) primed as direct competitors or as indirect-competitors. This contrasted with the finding that homophones elicited more intrusions to picture names compared to in control conditions when primed as direct competitors than when primed as indirect-competitors. These results suggest that polysemes, unlike homophones, are stored and retrieved as unified lexical representations. (shrink)
- (1 other version)La théorie platonicienne des idées et des nombres d'après Aristote, ètude historique et critique.Léon Robin -1909 -Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 67:204-336.
- Platon, Collection « Les Grands Philosophes ».Léon Robin -1936 -Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 43 (3):6-7.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- (2 other versions)Les Ages de l'Intelligence.Léon Brunschvicg -1934 -Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 41 (4):1-3.No categories
- Been in the Storm so Long: The Aftermath of Slavery.Leon F. Litwack,Philip S. Foner &Ronald L. Lewis -1981 -Science and Society 45 (3):357-360.
- Écrits philosophiques. T. I : L'humanisme de l'Occident. Descartes, Spinoza. Kant.Léon Brunschvicg -1953 -Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 143:266-267.Export citation Bookmark
- Éditions de textes d'auteurs médiévaux.Léon Brunschvicg -1968 -Les Etudes Philosophiques 10:87.Export citation Bookmark
- Expérience.Léon Brunschvicg -1923 -Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 30:59-95.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- (1 other version)Élie halévy (6 septembre 1870-21 août 1937).Léon Brunschvicg -1937 -Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 44 (4):679 - 691.No categories
- La modalité du jugement: La vertu métaphysique du syllogisme selon Aristote: thèse latine traduite par Yvon Belaval.Léon Brunschvicg -1964 - Presses Universitaires de France.No categories
- L'expérience morale selon Rauh.Léon Brunschvicg -1928 -Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 105:5 - 32.No categories
- Rozwój świadomości w filozofii zachodniej.Leon Brunschvicg -2001 -Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica-Aesthetica-Practica 14:103-119.Cette traduction d'un fragment du livre de L. Brunschvicg, expert et critique reconnu de la philosophie de Descartes, et de sa part un tentative de créer une synthèse de la pensée carthésienne si complexe et si conflictuelle intérieurement. Descartes y est présenté comme savant, mathématician et philosophe dont la contribution a l'évolution de la pensée philosophique européenne de la crise (qui s'est traduit par la confrontation entre l'aristotélisme et la naturalisme modern) est devenue aujourd’hui l'héritage de tout l'humanité. Brunschvicg décrit (...) l'etendue et les conséquences de cette revolution mathématique et philosophique après une étude approfondie de toutes les plus grandes œuvres de Descartes et sa correspondence. (shrink)No categories
- (1 other version)Spinoza.Léon Brunschvicg &Victor Delbos -1895 -Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 3 (1):79-111.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- Séance du 14 Mars 1936. RAISON ET EXPERIENCE.Léon Brunschvicg,Maurice Blondel,Jean Delvolvé &André Lacaze -1936 -Les Etudes Philosophiques 10 (1/2):15 - 18.
- Spinoza, deuxième édition.Léon Brunschvicg -1906 -Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 14 (4):5-5.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- (1 other version)Spinoza et ses contemporains. Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine.Léon Brunschvicg -1924 -Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 97:474-475.Export citation Bookmark
- Towards a new approach to medical humanism.Leon Cassiers -2001 - In Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka & Evandro Agazzi,Life interpretation and the sense of illness within the human condition. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 181--192.
- Le roman initiatique en France au temps du romantisme.Leon Cellier -1964 -Cahiers Internationaux de Symbolisme 4:22-40.No categoriesExport citation Bookmark
- "Suggestio Rediviva": The Vicissitudes of a Concept over Two Centuries.Leon Chertok,Ned Lukacher &Herman Rapaport -1986 -Substance 14 (3):3.
- A Formal Proof of Godel's Theorem.Leon Chwistek -1940 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 5 (1):28-30.
- Überwindung des Begriffsrealismus.Leon Chwistek -1937 -Journal of Symbolic Logic 2 (4):168-170.
- Die nominaliftifche grundlegung der mathematik.Leon Chwistek -1932 -Erkenntnis 3 (1):367-388.
- Sur Les fondements de la sémantique.Leon Chwistek -1969 -Studia Logica 24 (1):185-185.
- A note on historical interpretation.Leon J. Goldstein -1975 -Philosophy of Science 42 (3):312-319.
- Comic pleasure.Leon Golden -1987 -Hermes 115 (2):165-174.
- History and Anti-History in Philosophy.Leon J. Goldstein -1991 -International Studies in Philosophy 23 (1):129-130.
- Ideals of order: History and sociology.Leon J. Goldstein -1974 -Philosophy of the Social Sciences 4 (3):333-352.
- On Austin's understanding of philosophy.Leon J. Goldstein -1964 -Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 25 (2):223-232.
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
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Area Editors:
David Bourget
Gwen Bradford
Berit Brogaard
Margaret Cameron
David Chalmers
James Chase
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Esa Diaz-Leon
Barry Hallen
Hans Halvorson
Jonathan Ichikawa
Monte Johnson
Michelle Kosch
Øystein Linnebo
Paul Livingston
Brandon Look
Manolo Martínez
Matthew McGrath
Michiru Nagatsu
Susana Nuccetelli
Giuseppe Primiero
Jack Alan Reynolds
Darrell P. Rowbottom
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